The evaluation of analgesic effects of simvastatin, pravastatin and atorvastatin in hot plate test.

OBJECTIVES: Simvastatin, pravastatin and atorvastatin have been evaluated whether to have analgesic effects in mice in hot plate test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simvastatin (5, 10, 30 mg/kg), pravastatin (5, 10, 30 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (5, 10, 30 mg/kg) were administered acute and chronically by oral gavage in mice. Control (pretreatment value) and posttreatment (after drugs application) values in 60th and 120th minutes were measured in hot-plate test. RESULTS: All three drugs at 10, 30 mg/kg doses produced analgesic effects compared with their control values in 60th and 120th minutes on acute and chronic application in mice. The analgesic effects of drugs were evaluated after the application of L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg) or naloxone (0.5 mg/kg). L-NAME (10 mg/kg) has no effect compared to the control value on both minutes. The analgesic effects of both atorvastatin (30 mg/kg) and simvastatin (30 mg/kg) in the presence of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) were not inhibited. However, the analgesic effect of pravastatin (30 mg/kg) in the presence of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) was inhibited significantly on both minutes (p < 0.05). Naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) has no effect compared to the control value on both minutes. The analgesic effect of atorvastatin (30 mg/kg) in the presence of naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) was partially (43%) but significantly inhibited only on 60th minute (p < 0.05). The analgesic effect of pravastatin (30 mg/kg) in the presence of naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) was partially (48-40%) but significantly inhibited on both minutes (p < 0.05). However, the analgesic effect of simvastatin (30 mg/kg) in the presence of naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) was inhibited significantly on both minutes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These finding indicated that the analgesic effect of pravastatin was related to nitrergic systems and partially opioidergic system; analgesic effect of simvastatin was related to opiodergic system in hot plate test. However, the analgesic effect of atorvastatin was not directly related to both system.

Nutrition, immunity and infections: T lymphocyte subpopulations in protein--energy malnutrition.

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the most frequent causes of secondary immune deficiency states. Alterations either in cellular or humoral immune mechanisms increase the susceptibility to infections in the malnourished organism. Infections aggravate the interrelationship of malnutrition to immune deficiency and infections, resulting in future adverse effects of malnutrition on humoral and cellular immune systems, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and T lymphocyte subpopulations were identified in 29 patients with PEM and 15 healthy infants serving as the control group, ranging between 3 and 24 months of age. Patients with PEM demonstrated elevated levels of IgG, IgM and IgA when compared to the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), C3 levels were significantly lower than the values of the control group (P < 0.01).

[Problems in the diagnosis of intrauterine viral infections, applicable methods and our current studies]. / Intra uterin viral enfeksiyonlarin tanimlanmasindaki sorunlar, uygulanabilecek pratik yöntemler ve kendi çalismalarimiz

In this review article the authors summarize the prevelance and diagnosis of "intra uterin viral infections", including their studies in this field.

[Animal and plant cancers produced by viruses and bacteria]. / Hayvan ve bitkilerde virus ve bakterilerin olusturdugu kanserler

In this review the animal and plant cancers produced by viruses : (onkeorna, adeno, herpes, papova, pox, reovirus, Fig 1-6), bacteria : (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Fig. 7), fungi : (Plasmodiophora brassicae, and nematode : (meloidgyne) are discussed.

[The fungal flora of Ankara air in January 1972 and 1974 and its relationship to allergic diseases]. / 1972 ve 1974 ocak aylarinda ankara'nin çesitli semtlerinde havanin küf ve maya florasindaki degisiklik ve bunun allerjik hastaliklar yönünden önemi

The fungal flora of the air in Ankara was searched during first week of January 1972 and 1974. Different areas of the city were chosen for investigation. The central and outskirt areas showed different patterns of fungal flora during January 1972 and January 1974. In the central areas there was a remarkable decrease in yeast flora between the two years. However, mould flora was increased in some extent. No notable difference could be detected in outskirt areas. Penicillium and Aspergillus species were isolated most frequently. It is concluded that this flora was influenced by heavy pollution of the air in Ankara. This pollution is caused mainly by: (1) Heating systems with crude coal and oil, (2) Heavy motor traffic, (3) Geographical situation of the city, cup-shaped land with poor air draughts.