RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hodgkin lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of B lymphoid cells whose histologic characteristic is the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in an inflammatory environment. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old woman with a history of up to 40°C fever for four months, progressive and bilateral decrease in hearing acuity, weight loss of up to 6 kg, cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Auditory sensory neuropathy was confirmed. The patient developed hemophagocytic syndrome, therefore, infectious and autoimmune etiologies were ruled out. The CT scan revealed hepatosplenomegaly with thoracic and abdominal cervical nodes, with loss of fatty hilum. The laboratory tests showed evidence that suggested the reactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus. Through a submandibular node biopsy, the diagnostic conclusion was that lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma was present. CONCLUSION: This is the first report in Latin American literature about a patient with hemophagocytic syndrome that is secondary to classic Hodgkin lymphoma and associated with Epstein-Barr infection.
Antecedentes: El linfoma de Hodgkin es una neoplasia maligna de células linfoides tipo B cuya característica histológica es la presencia de células de Reed-Sternberg en un medio inflamatorio. Caso clínico: Mujer de 37 años, con fiebre de hasta 40 °C desde cuatro meses atrás, disminución bilateral y progresiva de la agudeza auditiva, pérdida ponderal de 6 kg, linfadenopatía cervical, hepatoesplenomegalia y pancitopenia. Se corroboró neuropatía sensorial auditiva. La paciente desarrolló síndrome hemofagocítico, por lo que se descartaron procesos infecciosos o autoinmunes. La tomografía reveló hepatoesplenomegalia, ganglios cervicales torácicos y abdominales con pérdida del hilio graso; en los estudios de laboratorio se evidenciaron datos sugerentes de reactivación del virus de Epstein-Barr. Mediante biopsia de ganglio submandibular se concluyó que se trataba de linfoma de Hodgkin tipo clásico rico en linfocitos. Conclusión: La paciente descrita con síndrome hemofagocítico secundario a linfoma de Hodgkin clásico asociado a infección por Epstein-Barr constituye el primero caso reportado en la literatura latinoamericana.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Doença de Hodgkin/complicações , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/etiologia , Adulto , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. It is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granuloma on a biopsy specimen. Clinical presentation varies across case report series with myriad of symptoms ranging from fever, respiratory symptoms, and skin lesions, or atypical symptoms like heart block or neurological symptoms. Hence, we report the case of a 22-year-old woman with encephalitis, a pituitary mass, and adipsic diabetes insipidus. The diagnostic approach did not end on the biopsy of the lesion, which reported noncaseating granulomas; on the contrary, it was the beginning of a path to exclude other causes of the central nervous system granulomas that ended with the diagnosis of the isolated central nervous system sarcoidosis. Also, we report the first proven association between anti-NMDA receptor antibodies and sarcoidosis.
RESUMO
The ultrasound as care at the bedside of the patient, or POCUS (Point-Of-Care Ultrasound), has taken today a primary place as a complementary tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients in different intensive care units and health care services. One of these specialties is internal medicine, since in the area of hospitalization patients with complex and critical clinical conditions are treated, who benefit from this tool for diagnostic complementation, monitoring and performing safer procedures. The pulmonary ultrasound is a tool to integrate the signs, symptoms and physical examination, for a better diagnostic accuracy and monitoring of patients. That is why we consider important the training of the internist not only in the pulmonary ultrasound, but also in other areas related to this diagnostic method. For this reason, we performed a review of the basic concepts of pulmonary ultrasound, a practical guide of how to do it, the current state of education and training in this area. As well as the importance in areas of clinical performance of the internist.
El ultrasonido como estrategia de cuidado a la cabecera del enfermo, o POCUS (Point-Of-Care Ultrasound), ha tomado actualmente un lugar primordial como herramienta complementaria en el diagnóstico y el monitoreo de pacientes hospitalizados en las diferentes unidades de terapia intensiva y servicios de atención médica. Una de las especialidades es medicina interna, debido a que en los servicios de hospitalización se atiende a pacientes con cuadros clínicos complejos y críticos, quienes se benefician de esta herramienta tanto para complementación diagnostica como para monitoreo y realización de procedimientos invasivos más seguros. El ultrasonido pulmonar permite integrar el cuadro clínico y la exploración física para una mejor precisión de diagnóstico y monitoreo de los pacientes. Por ello, esta herramienta es importante en la formación del médico internista no solo en el ultrasonido pulmonar, sino también en diversas áreas afines a este método diagnóstico. Por esta razón realizamos una revisión de los conceptos básicos de ultrasonido y anatomía pulmonar, una guía práctica sobre cómo llevarlo a cabo, el estado actual sobre la enseñanza y formación en esta área, y la importancia en áreas de desempeño clínico del médico internista.
