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1.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(4): 441-447, ago. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-752866

RESUMO

Medical treatments have shown poor outcomes, bariatric surgery has become a frequent treatment alternative for obesity. Obese patients seeking treatment have higher psychiatric comorbidity than not consulting ones. Bariatric surgery has allowed a reduction in medical comorbidity and some improvement in pre surgery psychopathology. Recent evidence reports a decrease in depressive disorders rate, improvement in self-esteem and life quality, in direct association with weight reduction, with no significant anxiety changes. Although weight decrease should help to have a better social life, important difficulties in adapting to the new environment can emerge. An increase in suicides and problematic alcohol use has been observed, as well as a decrease in binge eating disorder with further appearance of compensatory behavior, distorted body image, and marital problems. Pre surgery personality disorder could be a risk factor for a negative outcome. In this context a rigorous post surgery follow up is desirable, in order to optimize mental health benefits of massive weight reduction.


Los tratamientos médicos de la obesidad han demostrado baja efectividad, lo que ha llevado a que la cirugía bariátrica se haya establecido como una alternativa de tratamiento cada vez más frecuente. Las personas obesas que buscan tratamiento presentan tasas significativamente elevadas de comorbilidades psiquiátricas en comparación con las personas obesas que no consultan. La cirugía bariátrica ha permitido una reducción de las comorbilidades médicas y una mejoría de las patologías psiquiátricas presentes antes de la cirugía. Publicaciones recientes reportan una disminución de los trastornos depresivos, mejoría de la autoestima y de la calidad de vida, directamente asociados a la reducción de peso, sin variaciones significativas en los niveles de ansiedad. Si bien la pérdida de peso debería ayudar al mejoramiento de la vida social del paciente, pueden surgir importantes dificultades para adaptarse al nuevo entorno. Se ha visto un aumento de la tasa de suicidios y del uso problemático de alcohol, disminución precoz del trastorno por atracones con aparición posterior de conductas compensatorias, distorsión de la imagen corporal y aparición de conflictos conyugales. La presencia de trastorno de personalidad previo a la cirugía, constituiría un predictor negativo de resultado a largo plazo. Es en este contexto que se hace necesario un seguimiento post operatorio exhaustivo a estos pacientes, de tal forma de intervenir precozmente y optimizar los beneficios en la salud mental obtenidos con la baja de peso.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Transtornos Mentais , Obesidade Mórbida , Imagem Corporal , Comorbidade , Psicopatologia
2.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 23(3): 219-226, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695634

RESUMO

Psychological factors can play a role in the onset, course and the way a patient copes with diabetes; therefore the mental health approach is gaining increasing relevance in the management of the disease. With the advent of metabolic surgery as a new treatmentalternative, assessment of psychosocial variables and pre and postoperative psychological support acquire a significant role in the short and long term outcomes. The objective of thisarticle is to highlight the importance of a proper assessment and treatment of behaviors and mental disorders that can interfere the adherence to post operatory directions, which is fundamental given the high prevalence of psychopathology in this population. The main psychological problems associated with this disease are presented, as well as psychosocialand behavioral domains assessed pre and post operatively. Patients must have realistic expectations regarding the surgery and be aware of their responsibility in the outcomes,committing themselves to change their lifestyle and self-care. Continuous follow up that includes psychological support and treatment if necessary is required.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Bariátrica/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus/cirurgia , Diabetes Mellitus/psicologia , Psicologia Médica
3.
Cancer Invest ; 28(5): 452-8, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19863344

RESUMO

It has been recently demonstrated that progranulin is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and that this protein is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation, malignancy, and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The goal of the present study was to establish the differences in progranulin expression among normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues and to identify the signal transduction pathways activated by progranulin in an ovarian cancer cell line. Compared with benign tumors and normal ovarian tissue, progranulin mRNA and protein were overexpressed in malignant tumors. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method showed a correlation between high mRNA expression levels with poor survival outcome. Progranulin activated the MAPK-signaling pathway in NIH-OVCAR-3 cells. Progranulin expression may be potentially involved in the pathogenesis and malignant progression of ovarian cancer, and thus may represent a therapeutic target for this particular malignancy.


Assuntos
Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Ovário/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/mortalidade , Progranulinas
5.
6.
Trastor. ánimo ; 1(2): 133-141, jul.-dic. 2005. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-503356

RESUMO

Bipolar disorders are presented in multiple forms in clinical practice. For a better diagnosis, study and treatment, the instruments of mood indicators, although not perfect, have become and instrument of vital importance. In the next article we will review briefly the evolution and characteristics of mood charts, starting from the beginning of the century, up to the more contemporary ones. Also, we will introduce the Bipolar Disorder Unit Mood Chart, that following Kraepelin’s model, conceptualizes illness according to mood, thought and psycomotricity, it also facilitates the search of episodes which today have a higher degree of difficulty in the diagnosis, like hippomania and the mixed states.


Los trastornos bipolares se presentan en la práctica clínica bajo múltiples formas. Para su mejor diagnóstico, estudio y tratamiento, los instrumentos de graficación del ánimo aunque imperfectos, se han convertido en una herramienta de vital importancia. En el siguiente artículo se revisa brevemente la evolución y características de las cartas de ánimo desde las desarrolladas a principios de siglo hasta las más contemporáneas. Asimismo se introduce la Carta de Animo de la Unidad de Trastornos Bipolares (UTB) que siguiendo el modelo de Kraepelin conceptualiza la enfermedad en cuanto a ánimo, pensamiento y psicomotricidad, y que facilita la pesquisa de episodios de mayor dificultad diagnóstica actualmente tales como la hipomanía y los estados mixtos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Afeto , Transtorno Bipolar
8.
Compend. invest. clin. latinoam ; 12(1): 16-25, ene.-mar. 1992. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-118239

RESUMO

Si bien sabemos que el sistema inmune juega un papel importante en la eliminación de la replicación y la diseminación viral, su participación es compleja por lo que algunos autores sugieren que el uso de una inmunoterapia activadora de los fagocitos mononucleares pudiera ser eficaz en el tratamiento de la hepatitis crónica activa "B" (HCAB). Esto nos ha llevado a considerar el uso de un fármaco que es capaz de mejorar la respuesta inmune, AM3 ya que, 1. Induce la secreción de interferón endógeno, 2. Favorece la distribución celular en los tejidos en condiciones de inflamación, 3. Incrementa la reactividad de las células NK y de los macrófagos y, 4. Provoca actividad de tipo hematopoyético. En un grupo pequeño de siete pacientes con hepatitis crónica B (4 con HCAB y3 con hepatitis crónica persistente uno de ellos con cirrosis agregada-) se les administró 3 g diarios de AM3 (cápsula de 500 mg) 2-2-2 por vía oral durante seis meses seguidos por un período igual de vigilancia sin AM3. A todos se les practicó en 10 ocaciones (basal, 1a. a 4a. semana, así como 2o, 3ero, 6to, 9o y 12avo mes) las siguientes pruebas: BH completa con VES, G.O., P. de funcionamiento hepático completas. *-fetoproteína, serología viral (anti-hepatitis A, B, VIH), C3, C4, complemento hemolítico, *-1-antitrípsina, inmunoglobulinas (IgA, IgG o IgM), linfocitos (T:Th, Ts, NK y B), biopsia hepática inicial (todos rehusaron la toma final), ecografía abdominal además de la historia clínica completa y de la exploración física. Desde el punto de vista de los parámetros estudiados, es interesante señalar que en 6/7 pacientes se negativizó el HBeAg, las pruebas de funcionamiento hepático tendieron a normalizarse rápidamente y el 6o mes habían descendido hasta casi normalizarse y así persistieron hasta el 12avo mes (periodo de corte de estudio). A pesar de lo reducido del grupo estudiado, y por la menor agresividad de la hepatitis crónica persistente, estos resultados y otros previamente obtenidos, justifican la posibilidad de que Inmunoferón (AM3) sea útil y por ello se estudien en un grupo más grande enfermos en donde abunde la HCAB y compararlo paralelamente con un grupo control.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatite B/terapia , Hepatite Crônica/terapia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica/terapia , México
9.
Rev Invest Clin ; 41(1): 57-62, 1989.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2657926

RESUMO

We describe the case of a 23 years old male, who suffered a 45 bullet wound in the arm and upper right hemithorax. He walked after his injury and 10 minutes later presented dizziness, cough and tachycardia. On admission a minor haemothorax was seen on a chest X ray, but the bullet was not seen. Even without symptoms, an X ray of abdomen showed the missile lying above the left sacroiliac joint. A chest tube was placed, the patient had an excellent recovery and was discharged a week later. After several months he presented hemoptysis and a moderate pain on his right chest and was treated as an acute bronchitis. Six months after his initial injury he developed a florid picture of acute pulmonary embolism (chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachycardia, severe cough). A new chest X ray was done and the bullet was shown lying in the right chest. A pulmonary arteriography located it in a lower basal branch. Through a posterolateral thoracotomy the slug was obtained. The recovery was uneventful and he has remained well since. We discuss the possible mechanisms to explain the entrance of the bullet into the vascular system and conclude that in cases of gunshot wounds: a) An exit wound must be always searched for; if not found exploratory X ray are mandatory, b) If the bullet is not found, specially after thoracic injuries, bullet embolism should be contemplated, c) If there are signs of regional ischemia arteriography is mandatory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Migração de Corpo Estranho/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/complicações , Adulto , Migração de Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/diagnóstico por imagem
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