Noise reduction in the ICU: a best practice implementation project.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep deprivation is a relevant problem among patients hospitalized in ICUs. Further, noise is the most critical disruptive factor according to patients. OBJECTIVE: To implement scientific evidence-based best practices for noise control in an adult ICU. METHODS: This was an evidence-based implementation project of best practices in noise control, conducted in a high-complexity hospital's adult ICU. The intervention consisted of three steps: baseline audit and identification of barriers, implementation of best practices, and a follow-up audit. RESULTS: No compliance with best practices was detected in the baseline audit. After the implementation phase, the unit reached compliance levels of 78-88% for most of these criteria only one criterion related to noise level did not match the expected compliance. CONCLUSION: Adherence to best practices regarding noise control was satisfactory, achieving more than 70% compliance in the six audit criteria. Only the noise level did not reach the threshold recommended by the WHO - a difficulty reported in other studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Best practices related to noise control are essential for managing sleep deprivation in ICUs and include changes in the behaviour of involved professionals.

Good practices for physical restraint in intensive care units: integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to describe the available evidence on indications, complications, care and alternative strategies in the use of physical restraint in adult patients in Intensive Care Units.Methods: an integrative review conducted in the LILACS, Nursing Database, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus and CINAHL databases and the PubMed portal, in the period from June to August 2018. RESULTS: the final selection was of 19 articles, from which the indications, complications, care and alternative strategies were extracted. The studies were conducted between the years 2003 and 2018, with a predominance of the United States; they were mostly classified (58%) in level 6 evidence, being performed by nurses, with multi-professional participation of psychologists, pharmacists, physicians, and nurses. CONCLUSIONS: the most common practices regarding physical restriction were described, and the need for the elaboration and implementation of protocols on intervention to support decision making was observed.

Good practices for physical restraint in intensive care units: integrative review / Buenas prácticas para restricción física en unidades de cuidados intensivos: revisión integrativa / Boas práticas para restrição física em unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the available evidence on indications, complications, care and alternative strategies in the use of physical restraint in adult patients in Intensive Care Units. Methods: an integrative review conducted in the LILACS, Nursing Database, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus and CINAHL databases and the PubMed portal, in the period from June to August 2018. Results: the final selection was of 19 articles, from which the indications, complications, care and alternative strategies were extracted. The studies were conducted between the years 2003 and 2018, with a predominance of the United States; they were mostly classified (58%) in level 6 evidence, being performed by nurses, with multi-professional participation of psychologists, pharmacists, physicians, and nurses. Conclusions: the most common practices regarding physical restriction were described, and the need for the elaboration and implementation of protocols on intervention to support decision making was observed.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir las evidencias disponibles sobre indicaciones, complicaciones, cuidados y estrategias alternativas en el uso de la restricción física en pacientes adultos de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Métodos: revisión integrativa realizada en las bases LILACS, Base de Datos en Enfermería, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus y CINAHL y en portal PubMed, de junio a agosto de 2018. Resultados: la selección final fue de 19 artículos, de los cuales fueron extraídas las indicaciones, complicaciones, cuidados y estrategias alternativas. Los estudios fueron realizados entre los años de 2003 y 2018, con predominio de Estados Unidos; fueron clasificados en su mayoría (58%) en evidencia nivel 6, siendo realizados por enfermeros, con participación multiprofesional de psicólogos, farmacéuticos, médicos y enfermeros. Conclusiones: describieron las prácticas más comunes cuanto a la restricción física, y se observó la necesidad de elaboración e implementación de protocolos sobre la intervención para embazar la toma de decisión.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever as evidências disponíveis sobre indicações, complicações, cuidados e estratégias alternativas no uso da restrição física em pacientes adultos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases LILACS, Base de Dados em Enfermagem, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus e CINAHL e no portal PubMed, no período de junho a agosto de 2018. Resultados: a seleção final foi de 19 artigos, dos quais foram extraídas as indicações, complicações, cuidados e estratégias alternativas. Os estudos foram realizados entre os anos de 2003 e 2018, com predomínio dos Estados Unidos; foram classificados em sua maioria (58%) em evidência nível 6, sendo realizados por enfermeiros, com participação multiprofissional de psicólogos, farmacêuticos, médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusões: descreveram-se as práticas mais comuns quanto à restrição física, e observou-se a necessidade da elaboração e implementação de protocolos sobre a intervenção para embasar a tomada de decisão.

Good practices for physical restraint in intensive care units: integrative review / Buenas prácticas para restricción física en unidades de cuidados intensivos: revisión integrativa / Boas práticas para restrição física em unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the available evidence on indications, complications, care and alternative strategies in the use of physical restraint in adult patients in Intensive Care Units. Methods: an integrative review conducted in the LILACS, Nursing Database, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus and CINAHL databases and the PubMed portal, in the period from June to August 2018. Results: the final selection was of 19 articles, from which the indications, complications, care and alternative strategies were extracted. The studies were conducted between the years 2003 and 2018, with a predominance of the United States; they were mostly classified (58%) in level 6 evidence, being performed by nurses, with multi-professional participation of psychologists, pharmacists, physicians, and nurses. Conclusions: the most common practices regarding physical restriction were described, and the need for the elaboration and implementation of protocols on intervention to support decision making was observed.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir las evidencias disponibles sobre indicaciones, complicaciones, cuidados y estrategias alternativas en el uso de la restricción física en pacientes adultos de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Métodos: revisión integrativa realizada en las bases LILACS, Base de Datos en Enfermería, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus y CINAHL y en portal PubMed, de junio a agosto de 2018. Resultados: la selección final fue de 19 artículos, de los cuales fueron extraídas las indicaciones, complicaciones, cuidados y estrategias alternativas. Los estudios fueron realizados entre los años de 2003 y 2018, con predominio de Estados Unidos; fueron clasificados en su mayoría (58%) en evidencia nivel 6, siendo realizados por enfermeros, con participación multiprofesional de psicólogos, farmacéuticos, médicos y enfermeros. Conclusiones: describieron las prácticas más comunes cuanto a la restricción física, y se observó la necesidad de elaboración e implementación de protocolos sobre la intervención para embazar la toma de decisión.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever as evidências disponíveis sobre indicações, complicações, cuidados e estratégias alternativas no uso da restrição física em pacientes adultos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases LILACS, Base de Dados em Enfermagem, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus e CINAHL e no portal PubMed, no período de junho a agosto de 2018. Resultados: a seleção final foi de 19 artigos, dos quais foram extraídas as indicações, complicações, cuidados e estratégias alternativas. Os estudos foram realizados entre os anos de 2003 e 2018, com predomínio dos Estados Unidos; foram classificados em sua maioria (58%) em evidência nível 6, sendo realizados por enfermeiros, com participação multiprofissional de psicólogos, farmacêuticos, médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusões: descreveram-se as práticas mais comuns quanto à restrição física, e observou-se a necessidade da elaboração e implementação de protocolos sobre a intervenção para embasar a tomada de decisão.

The influence of delayed admission to intensive care unit on mortality and nursing workload: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The results of studies regarding the relationship between length of stay of patients in emergency departments (EDs) and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) are contradictory, and nothing is known about the impact of delayed admission of patients to ICUs on nursing workload. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of the time lapse between ED and ICU admissions on mortality and nursing workload in relation to intensive care patients. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study that examined the medical records of patients who were 15 years of age or older and admitted directly to the ICU from the ED. METHODS: The data were collected between 2014 and 2016 in a hospital located in São Paulo, Brazil. Nursing workload was measured by the Nursing Activities Score. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were applied, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Of the 534 patients analysed, the majority were men (57·49%); the mean age was 55·37 ± 19·64 years. Length of stay in the ED was not associated with nursing workload at the time of admission of patients to the ICU or during their stay in the unit. For mortality, this variable was a risk factor along with cause of admission, length of stay in the ICU and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 score. For every additional hour that patients remained in the ED, their chance of dying in the ICU increased by 1%. CONCLUSION: Length of stay of patients in the ED was a risk factor for mortality in the ICU; however, this variable did not have any influence on nursing workload. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Strategies need to be implemented to optimize the availability of ICU beds and reduce the length of stay of critical patients in the ED as delays in admitting such patients to the ICU have an impact on mortality.