RESUMO
A high proviral load (PVL) is recognized as a risk factor for human T cell leukemia virus-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), but there is a lack of prospective studies evaluating whether or not HTLV-1 carriers with high PVL are at risk of developing HAM/TSP or other HTLV-1-related diseases. Here, we compare the incidence of clinical manifestations and the cytokine levels in 30 HTLV-1 carriers with high (> 50,000 copies/106 PBMC) and an equal number of subjects with low proviral load. Participants were followed for 3 to 16 years (median of 11 years). The PVL, IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-10 levels were quantified at entry and at the end of the follow-up. Among the self-reported symptoms in the initial evaluation, only the presence of paresthesia on the hands was more frequent in the group with high PVL (p < 0.04). The production of IFN-γ was higher in the group with high PVL group (median of 1308 versus 686 pg/ml, p < 0.011) when compared with the control group in the first assessment. There was no difference in the occurrence of urinary symptoms or erectile dysfunction, periodontal disease, Sicca syndrome, and neurologic signs between the two groups during the follow-up. The observation that none of the HTLV-1 carriers with high PVL and with exaggerated inflammatory response progressed to HAM/TSP indicates that other factors in addition to the PVL and an exaggerated immune response are involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/imunologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Provírus/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Portador Sadio/virologia , Disfunção Erétil/diagnóstico , Disfunção Erétil/genética , Disfunção Erétil/imunologia , Disfunção Erétil/virologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Infecções por HTLV-I/diagnóstico , Infecções por HTLV-I/genética , Infecções por HTLV-I/virologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Noctúria/diagnóstico , Noctúria/genética , Noctúria/imunologia , Noctúria/virologia , Provírus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Síndrome de Sjogren/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sjogren/genética , Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/virologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Carga Viral/imunologiaRESUMO
A new species of Aspidoras from the rio da Dona basin, a small coastal river drainage in Bahia State, is described herein. The new taxon differs from its congeners by presenting infraorbital 1 with well-developed ventral laminar expansion, nuchal plate nearly reaching to or sometimes contacting posterior process of parieto-supraoccipital, anterior tip of nuchal plate just posterior to dorsal margin of first dorsolateral body plate, and blotches on dorsal half of dorsolateral body plates and/or ventral half of ventrolateral body plates fused with midlateral series of blotches, forming three or four enlarged and oblique black blotches.(AU)
Uma nova espécie de Aspidoras da bacia do rio da Dona, uma pequena drenagem costeira do estado da Bahia, é aqui descrita. O novo táxon difere de suas congêneres por apresentar infraorbital 1 com expansão laminar ventral bem desenvolvida, placa nucal quase alcançando ou alcançando o processo posterior do parieto-supraoccipital, extremidade anterior da placa nucal apenas posterior à extremidade dorsal da primeira placa dorsolateral, e três ou quatro manchas pretas grandes na porção lateral mediana do corpo, geralmente inclinadas anterodorsalmente e conectadas à série de manchas dorsais e fusionadas à série ventral de manchas.(AU)
