RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic health condition with a multifactorial etiology, resulting from the interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors leading to an energy imbalance. OBJECTIVE: To characterize hospitalizations for bariatric surgeries through the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in the state of Paraná from 2012 to 2022. METHODS: This is a descriptive and retrospective study, utilizing a time series design, based on secondary data. Public data from the SUS Hospital Information System for the period from 2012 to 2022 were consulted, focusing on the population of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS: In Paraná, concerning SUS procedures data from 2012 to 2022, 39,793 hospitalizations for bariatric surgeries were observed. Among the five modalities, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass predominated with 38,849 hospitalizations (97.6%), showing a lower mortality rate. CONCLUSION: The research highlights a notable variation in costs, emphasizing the importance of economic evaluation. The correlation between obesity and diabetes underscores the complexity of the situation, justifying the superiority of surgical treatment in comorbidity remission. The study reveals a decline in bariatric surgeries in 2020, coinciding with the pandemic, and alerts to the increased vulnerability of obese patients to SARS-CoV-2.