Antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers and their predictive mechanism of action on Candida albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses.

Onychomycosis is the most common disease affecting the nail unit and accounts for at least 50% of all nail diseases. In addition, Candida albicans is responsible for approximately 70% of onychomycoses caused by yeasts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers, as well as its predictive mechanism of action on C. albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses. For this purpose, in vitro broth microdilution and molecular docking techniques were applied in a predictive and complementary manner to the mechanisms of action. The main results of this study indicate that C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole and sensitive to the enantiomers (R) and (S)-citronellal at a dose of 256 and 32 µg/mL respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the enantiomers in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol, indicating that these molecules possibly affect the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Molecular docking with key biosynthesis proteins and maintenance of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane demonstrated the possibility of (R) and (S)-citronellal interacting with two important enzymes: 1,3-ß-glucan synthase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers are fungicidal on C. albicans from onychomycoses and probably these substances cause damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of these micro-organisms possibly by interacting with enzymes in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures.

Insecticide Rotation and Adaptive Fitness Cost Underlying Insecticide Resistance Management for Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Rotation of insecticide modes of action is recommended to delay selection for insecticide resistance. In this study, larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) were exposed alternately to spinetoram and metaflumizone with insecticidal and biological response determined. Five generations (G) were evaluated with at least 200 larvae assayed per treatment. The experiment consisted of rearing field-collected and untreated larvae (M-Control), larvae with successive applications of either metaflumizone (M-MET) or spinetoram (M-SPI), and alternation of these insecticides (M-Rotation treatment) consisting of the following treatments: G2 = exposure to SPI, G3 = exposure to MET, G4 = exposure to SPI, G5 = exposure to MET, and G6 = exposure to SPI. Four days after application, those surviving larvae were used to compose the following generations. In the G7, evaluations were made on the selected populations M-MET, M-SPI, M-Rotation, and control larvae to determine biological characteristics used to calculate the fertility life table parameters and further comparisons across treatments. The frequency of resistance was increased at rate of 49.5% and 29.2% after five generations of selection pressure with MET and SPI, respectively. However, rotation of insecticides reduced the frequency of resistance about 50% over the generations. Individuals originated from successive exposures to the insecticides exhibited delayed egg incubation, greater percentage of pupae with deformation, longer larval and pupal periods, and reduction in emergence rate and longevity of adults, suggesting adaptive costs associated with resistance.

Composição nutricional e valores energéticos determinados com frangos de corte de coprodutos do processamento do etanol de milho / Nutritional composition and energy values determined with broilers of co-products from the processing of corn ethanol

It was determined by the total collection of excreta method, with broilers from 22 to 32 days of age, the coefficients of apparent metabolism of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) of the ethanol co-products of corn: acid oil and dried distillery grains with soluble (DDGS). The DDGS and corn acid oil presented nutritional metabolization coefficients ranging from 43 to 83% and AMEn equal 2393.5 and 7859.2kcal/kg respectively, and may be food alternatives to soybean meal and soybean oil.(AU)

[Osteoblastoma: analysis of the treatment of 24 cases]. / Osteoblastoma: análise do tratamento de 24 casos.

The authors study 24 patients with the histologic diagnosis of osteoblastoma treated from 1953 to 1996, with a mean follow-up of 33.4 months. Two were considered as a malignant osteoblastoma. Twenty-two cases were operated, and in 2 of these was performed only a selective embolization to pelvic and spine localization. It was discussed clinical and radiographic aspects and the response to treatment. It was obtained 20 good and 4 poor results.

[Surgical approach to giant cell tumors of the distal radius]. / Abordagem cirúrgica do tumor de células gigantes da extremidade distal do rádio.

The authors review 15 patients with giant cell tumor of the distal part of the radius in the period from 1980 to 1993. Pain was always present. The treatment of stage 2 with marginal resection and methylmethacrylate yielded excellent result. In the treatment of stage 3 the authors emphasize the need of wide resection. In these patients the best functional results were obtained with the use of vascularized proximal epiphyseal fibular graft, preserving some painless mobility of the wrist and forearm.

[The use of hydroxyapatite in the surgical treatment of benign non aggressive bone lesions]. / O emprego da hidroxiapatita no tratamento cirúrgico das lesões ósseas benignas não agressivas.

The authors studied, in the period 1990-1993, 31 patients with benign non aggressive bone lesions, surgically treated with intralesional resection followed by the introduction of hydroxyapatite. Their follow-up was two years and one month. The authors discussed the surgical indications, the operative technique employed, and the post-operative results which were considered to be good in 29 of the patients studied. Occurred complications in three patients: local infections in two and sterile fistula in one. It is concluded that the use of hydroxyapatite is a good option as substitute of the autologous bone graft.

Chondromyxoid fibroma: a study based on 18 cases.

The authors report on 18 cases of chondromyxoid fibroma seen at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of São Paulo, from 1953 to 1990. A survey of the literature on chondromyxoid fibromas was conducted and radiographic analysis of all cases is presented, with a mean follow-up of 64 months. The surgical treatment employed in each case is discussed, with emphasis on the use of cement as an adjuvant. This procedure was used in 10 patients, who have been free of recurrence up to the present time.

[Surgical treatment of malignant bone neoplasms at level of the knee with wide resection and reconstitution with non-conventional endoprosthesis]. / Tratamento cirúrgico dos tumores ósseos malignos ao nível do joelho através da ressecção ampla e reconstituição com endoprótese não convencional.

Forty-five patients with malignant bone tumors of the knee were submitted to wide resection and reconstitution of the joint with a custom made endoprosthesis. The mean follow-up was seven years and seven months. There were observed nine complications: in four cases the tumor recurred locally and in one case an artery was injured. The end result was considered good in 36 patients and poor in nine patients. The better results achieved in recent years were due to modifications introduced in chemotherapy for the osteosarcoma, the new system of staging of the bone tumors and new oncological and compartmental surgical techniques.

Estudo dos dermatoglifos digitais em portadores de hanseniase. / Digital dermatoglyphics in leprosy

Foram analisadas 100 alteracoes nas impressoes digitais de hansenianos controlados no Ambulatorio Souza Araujo.Comparamos as impressoes digitais de cada paciente com as individuais arquivadas no Instituto de Identificacao Felix Pacheco, tomadas na epoca da identificacao civil.Os resultados obtidos sugerem o uso da tecnica de tomada de impressoes digitais como mais uma forma de se observar a evolucao clinica do paciente, atraves da regressao ou manutencao das alteracoes durante o tratamento e como possivel metodo de triagem, descobrindo portador real ou potencial da doenca

Hiperplasia linfoide pseudotumoral de ileo terminal e ou de valvula ileo-cecal. Associacao com linfoma maligno linfocitico pouco diferenciado. / Pseudotumoral lymphoid hyperplasia of the terminal ileum and or the ileocecalis valve. Association with lymphocytic malignant lymphoma poorly differentiated

Sao apresentados tres casos de hiperplasia linfoide pseudotumoral de ileo terminal e valvula ileocecal causando obstrucao e invaginacao intestinais, todos incidindo em criancas com idade igual ou inferior a tres anos. Em um caso, houve associacao com linfoma linfocitico pouco diferenciado, nodular, da mucosa da valvula ileocecal. Sao feitas consideracoes sobre o diagnostico e o tratamento da hiperplasia linfoide localizada nessa area do intestino

Cisto osseo justa-articular da tibia (glanglio intra-osseo). Apresentacao de um caso. / Juxta-articular bone cyst of the tibia (intra-osseous ganglion. Report of a case

Os autores apresentam um caso de cisto osseo intra-articular da tibia (ganglio intra-osseo). Estudam os aspectos clinicos, achados anatomo-patologicos e a patogenia.Foi feita revisao da literatura sobre o assunto. O conhecimento desta lesao e importante para o diagnostico diferencial com outras lesoes osseas benignas

Estudo comparativo do calo osseo da osteossintese com compressao e sem compressao. / Comparative study of bone callus of osteosynthesis with and without compression

Os autores realizaram o estudo experimental da osteossintese em caes comparando os aspectos histologicos do calo osseo com a utilizacao de osteossintese com compressao em relacao a osteossintese sem compressao.Observaram que no primeiro grupo houve formacao de calo osseo tipo endosteal, com predominio de tecido osseo, enquanto que no outro grupo houve formacao de calo tipo periosteal, com predominio de tecido cartilaginoso

Eumicetoma de graos pretos, por Madurella grisea. Registro de um caso. / Black grains eumycetoma, caused by Madurella grisea. Report of a case

Os autores registram o terceiro caso de eumicetoma podal de graos pretos, por Madurella grisea, observado no Brasil, com duracao aproximada de 22 anos. Extensas lesoes osseas estavam presentes. O exame histopatologico e as caracteristicas macroscopicas e micromorfologicas da amostra isolada permitiram identifica-la como Madurella grisea, especie criada em 1949 por Mackinnon & col. Apos varias tentativas de tratamento clinico (ketoconazol),termoterapia local e medicacao anti-inflamatoria) foi indicada amputacao, devido a cronicidade do processo e presenca de extensas lesoes osteo-articulares. Os autores fazem comentarios sobre a distribuicao dos eumicetomas no Brasil,em especial os que produzem graos pretos ou fuliginosos.Sobre a Madurella grisea, referem sua ampla distribuicao geografica