Negative pressure wound therapy in pediatric surgery: How and when to use.

INTRODUCTION: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely adopted to treat laparostomy, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and complicated wounds associated with tissue loss. The method presents specific aspects, advantages and indications in Pediatrics. Our aim is to review the evidence available about NPWT in children. METHODS: Active search for papers about NPWT in Pediatric patients. Papers referring to orthopedic problems, wound complications after Cardiac Surgery or burns were excluded. RESULTS: The method shows good results to treat ACS, complicated wounds and abdominal wall malformations in neonates, including prematures. Periwound skin protection, monitoring of fluid losses and fine tuning of negative pressure levels according to age are necessary. Less pain, quicker recovery, less frequent dressing changes, possible recovery of exposed surgical hardware, granulation and shrinkage of the wound are advantages of the method over other kinds of dressing. NPWT is contraindicated over blood vessels and exposed nerves. Debridement is needed before usage over necrotic areas. Enteric fistulae are not contraindications. Complications are rare, mainly foam retention and dermatitis/skin maceration. The possibility of fistulae being caused by NPWT remains debatable. CONCLUSION: NPWT is widely used in Pediatrics, including neonates and premature, but the evidence available about the method is scarce and low quality. Complications are uncommon and mostly manageable. A possible causal relationship between NPWY and enteric fistula remains unclear. Adult devices and parameters have been adapted to children's use. Extra care is needed to protect the delicate tissues of Pediatric patients. Comparative research to define differential costs, indications and advantages of the method, specific indications and limits of NWTP in Pediatrics is needed. TYPE OF STUDY: Review. EVIDENCE LEVEL: IV.

Tumor de Wilms Bilateral Sincrônico: Avaliação Cirúrgica e Sobrevida / Synchronous Bilateral Wilms Tumor: Surgical Evaluation and Survival / Tumor de Wilms bilateral Sincrónico: Evaluación quirúrgica y Sobrevida

Introdução: os tumores renais representam cerca de 7% de todas as neoplasias malignas da infância. o tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrônico corresponde a 5-7% de todos os nefroblastomas. o tratamento consiste em quimioterapia pré-operatória, seguida de cirurgia conservadora, quimioterapia pós-operatória e, quando indicada, radioterapia. Objetivo: analisar o tipo de cirurgia e a sobrevida global dos pacientes com tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrônico. Método: este estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluiu 18 pacientes pediátricos do Hospital do câncer i, do instituto nacional de câncer José alencar Gomes da silva, no rio de Janeiro, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2017. curvas de sobrevida foram calculadas pelo método Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: a idade mediana ao diagnóstico foi de 19 meses, sendo dez casos do sexo feminino. em 62,5% dos rins operados, foi possível realizar cirurgia conservadora e, em 41,2% (7/17) dos pacientes, em ambos os rins. a sobrevida global em cinco anos, segundo o tipo cirurgia, foi de 87,5% para cirurgia conservadora e de 62,8% para nefrectomia total (p=0,0001). a sobrevida global em cinco anos para a coorte inteira foi de 70,8%. Conclusão: a cirurgia preservadora de tecido renal em crianças com o tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrônico é viável e pode ser realizada com segurança em centros de referência.

Introduction: Kidney tumors account for about 7% of all childhood malignancies. synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor corresponds to 5-7% of all nephroblastomas. The treatment consists of preoperative chemotherapy, followed by conservative surgery, postoperative chemotherapy and, when indicated, radiotherapy. Objective: to analyze the type of surgery and the overall survival of patients with synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor. Method: This retrospective cohort study included 18 pediatric patients from the Hospital do cancer i, from the national cancer institute José alencar Gomes da silva, in rio de Janeiro, from January 2000 to december 2017. survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:The median age at diagnosis was 19 months, and 10 patients were female. it was possible to perform conservative surgery in 62.5% of the kidneys, and in 41.2% (7/17) of patients in both kidneys. The 5-year overall survival according to the type of surgery was 87.5% for conservative surgery and 62.8% for radical nephrectomy (p=0.0001). The 5-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 70.8%. Conclusion: conservative surgery in pediatric synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor is feasible and can be performed safely in reference centers.

Introducción:los tumores renales representan alrededor del 7% de todas las neoplasias malignas de la infancia. el tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrónico corresponde al 5-7% de todos los nefroblastomas. el tratamiento consiste en quimioterapia preoperatoria, seguida de cirugía conservadora, quimioterapia postoperatoria y, cuando indicada, la radioterapia. Objetivo: analizar el tipo de cirugía y la supervivencia global de los pacientes con un tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrónico. Método: este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó 18 pacientes pediátricos del Hospital del cáncer i, del instituto nacional de cáncer José alencar Gomes da silva, nel río de Janeiro, de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2017. las curvas de sobrevida fueron calculadas por el método Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: la edad media al diagnóstico fue de 19 meses, siendo diez casos del sexo femenino. en el 62,5% de los riñones operados fue posible realizar cirugía conservadora, siendo en el 41,2% (7/17) de los pacientes en los dos riñones. la supervivencia global en cinco años según el tipo de cirugía fue de 87,5% para cirugía conservadora y de 62,8% nefrectomía total (p=0,0001). la supervivencia global en cinco años para la cohorte entera fue del 70,8%. Conclusión: la cirugía conservadora en niños con el tumor de Wilms bilateral sincrónico es viable y puede ser realizada con seguridad en centros de referencia