Dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of visceral leishmaniasis in São Paulo State, Brazil: identification of associated factors through survival analysis

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem because of its magnitude, geographical expansion and potential harms caused by illnesses, including death. However, VL is largely ignored indiscussions of tropical disease priorities. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the expansion of VL and the dispersion of its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, in the municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.Methods: Information about the date of vector detection and the confirmation of autochthonous VL occurrence in humans and canines in São Paulo were obtained between 1997 and 2014. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier and the Cox multiple regression models was used...

Dispersal of Lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in São Paulo State, Brazil

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected disease, is a serious public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the sensitivity of Lutzomyia longipalpis and canine VL (CVL) autochthony early detection and describe the spatial and temporal dispersal of vector and expansion of VL in a Brazilian state. We obtained data on the leishmaniasis vector and VL cases in São Paulo State (SP), Brazil, from the Division of Endemic Disease Control and from the Epidemiological Surveillance Center of the São Paulo State Department of Health. Data were analyzed for 645 municipalities and 63 microregions and presented as thematic and flow maps. Following the verified presence ofL. longipalpis in Araçatuba in 1997, the first autochthonous cases of canine VL (CVL) (1998) and of human VL (HVL) (1999) in São Paulo were reported, both in Araçatuba. From 1997 to 2014, the urban presence of the leishmaniasis vector was verified in 167 (25.9%) municipalities with cases of CVL reported in 108(16.7%) and cases of HVL in 84 (13%). The sensitivities for vector presence early detection in relation to the identification of CVL and HVL autochthony were, respectively, equal to 76.4 and 92.5%. The sensitivity for CVL autochthony early detection in relation to the HVL autochthony identification was 75.8%. Vector dispersal and expansion of CVL and HVL were from the northwest to the southeast of the state, primarily flanking the Marechal Rondon highway at a constant rate of progression of 10, seven, and six new municipalities affected per year, respectively...

Frecuencia de la depresión puerperal en la maternidad de un hospital universitario de la Región del Sur / No disponible

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la frecuencia de riesgo para desencadenar la depresión posparto, en puérperas internadas en la maternidad de un Hospital Universitario, a través de la aplicación de la escala Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio descriptivo. Participaran del estudio 53 puérperas en posparto inmediato en el período de abril a mayo de 2009. Fue aplicado un cuestionario elaborado con base en la escala EPDS. Los datos obtenidos a través de la aplicación de la escala fueran analizados e interpretados, a través de la estadística descriptiva. Se respetaron todas las determinaciones de la Resolución 196/96 de estudio con seres humanos. Los resultados señalaron que el riesgo de depresión posparto fue encontrado en seis puérperas (11%), lo que demuestra la importancia de los profesionales de la salud en realizar la detección precoz de la depresión posparto, teniendo como ayuda la escala EPDS, por la eficacia y practicidad de su aplicación (AU)

This study aimed to identify the frequency of risk to trigger postpartum depression in women interned in a Maternity Hospital, through the application of the scale Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). It is a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. It included 53 postpartum women in the immediate postpartum period from April to May 2009. A questionnaire was developed based on the scale Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS). The obtained data through the application of the scale were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics and taking into account all the provisions from the Resolution196/96 of the research with humans. The results showed that the risk of postpartum depression was found in six women (11%), which demonstrate the importance of health professionals to perform the early detection of postpartum depression, with the EPDS scale aid, the effectiveness’ and practicality of its implementation (AU)

La violencia contra la mujer en el ámbito familiar: estudio teórico sobre la cuestión de género / Violence against women in the family: theoretical study on the question of gender

Este es un estudio teórico que tiene el objetivo de discutir las cuestiones de género incluidas en la violencia practicada contra las mujeres en el ámbito familiar. La discusión se basa en autores que abordan la temática violencia contra la mujer y su relación con las cuestiones de género, apoyada en Joan Scott y reflexionando sobre el trabajo del (la) enfermero (a), en lo que se refiere al cuidado de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia. Las cuestiones examinadas en este ensayo pueden ayudar a la reflexión de los profesionales sobre su práctica en la búsqueda del enfrentamiento de la violencia para prevenir que el ciclo se reproduzca en la familia (AU)

This is a theoretical study that aims to discuss the gender issues involved in violence against women within the family. The discussion is grounded in authors who address the issue of violence against women and its relation to gender issues, supported by Joan Scott and reflecting on the work of a nurse in relation to the care of women in situations of violence. The issues examined in this essay may help to reflect on the practice of professionals searching to confront violence in order to prevent the cycle being reproduced within the family (AU)

Balloon catheter injury abolishes phenylephrine-induced relaxation in the rat contralateral carotid.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The consequences of compensatory responses to balloon catheter injury in rat carotid artery, on phenylephrine-induced relaxation and contraction in the contralateral carotid artery were studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Relaxation and contraction concentration-response curves for phenylephrine were obtained for contralateral carotid arteries in the presence of indomethacin (COX inhibitor), SC560 (COX-1 inhibitor), SC236 (COX-2 inhibitor) or 4-hydroxytetramethyl-L-piperidine-1-oxyl (tempol; superoxide dismutase mimetic). Reactive oxygen species were measured in carotid artery endothelial cells fluorimetrically with dihydroethidium. KEY RESULTS: Phenylephrine-induced relaxation was abolished in contralateral carotid arteries from operated rats (E(max) = 0.01 ± 0.004 g) in relation to control (E(max) = 0.18 ± 0.005 g). Phenylephrine-induced contractions were increased in contralateral arteries (E(max) = 0.54 ± 0.009 g) in relation to control (E(max) = 0.38 ± 0.014 g). SC236 restored phenylephrine-induced relaxation (E(max) = 0.17 ± 0.004 g) and contraction (E(max) = 0.34 ± 0.018 g) in contralateral arteries. Tempol restored phenylephrine-induced relaxation (E(max) = 0.19 ± 0.012 g) and contraction (E(max) = 0.42 ± 0.014 g) in contralateral arteries, while apocynin did not alter either relaxation (E(max) = 0.01 ± 0.004 g) or contraction (E(max) = 0.54 ± 0.009 g). Dihydroethidium fluorescence was increased in contralateral samples (18 882 ± 435 U) in relation to control (10 455 ± 303 U). SC236 reduced the fluorescence in contralateral samples (8250 ± 365 U). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Balloon catheter injury abolished phenylephrine-induced relaxation and increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in contralateral carotid arteries, through O(2) (-) derived from COX-2.