RESUMO
From November 1996 through March 1997, presumptive active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was detected in 44 health care workers (HCWs) at a university hospital in Lima, Peru. To further assess the magnitude of the outbreak and determine risk factors for occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, we identified HCWs in whom active pulmonary TB was diagnosed from January 1994 through January 1998, calculated rates by year and hospital work area, and conducted a tuberculin skin test (TST) survey. Thirty-six HCWs had confirmed active pulmonary TB. The rate of TB was significantly higher among the 171 HCWs employed in the laboratory than among HCWs employed in all other areas. In multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor for HCW M. tuberculosis infection in HWCs employed in the laboratory was the use of common staff areas. Very high rates of active pulmonary TB were detected among HCWs at this hospital, and occupational acquisition in the laboratory was associated with HCW-to-HCW transmission.
Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/transmissão , Adulto , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Laboratórios Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Peru/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnósticoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio en 475 escolares de los colegios del distrito de Ocongate, del departamento de QÆosqo, para determinar la prevalencia de patología ocular. Se encontró una prevalencia global del 7.8%. El grupo de patologías más diagnosticadas fueron los vicios de refracción (59.46%), seguidos por los trastornos de la Conjuntiva (24.32%). El diagnóstico clínico más frecuente fue el Astigmatismo, que presentó una tasa de prevalencia de 3.2%, seguido por la miopía y la conjuntivitis fotoeléctrica con una tasa de 1.3%. Se estudiaron la edad y sexo de los escolares, resaltando la prevalencia en el femenino que fue de 8.8%, mientras que en el masculino presentó una prevalencia del 7.1%; para ambos sexos la patología más frecuente fue el astigmatismo. El grupo de edad más afectado en el sexo femenino fue el de 5 a 9 años, mientras que para el masculino fue el de los 10 a 14 años. Los autores consideran que la prevalencia encontrada es alta, y que es necesario desarrollar mayor cantidad de estudios descriptivos sobre patología ocular y además implementar programas de Salud Visual para preservar uno de los dones más preciados del hombre: el sentido de la visión.
A study on 475 students have realized in Ocongate, a QÆosqoÆs district to determine the ocular pathology prevalence. The study found a prevalence rate of 7.8%. The most frequent ocular pathology were asthigmatis (3.2%), myopy and fotoelectric conjunctivitis (1.3% for both pathologies). The prevalence rate were higher in females (8.8%) than in males (7.1). The groups of age most affected were 5-9 for females and 10-14 for males. The authors concluded that the prevalence rate found was high and suggest that another descriptives studies about ocular pathology could be made, and the visual health programmes must be execute to preserve the visual sense.
