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1.
Can J Psychiatry ; 58(9): 515-21, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24099499

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: It is unknown whether evidence-based, in-hospital processes of care may influence the risk of criminal behaviour among patients with schizophrenia. Our study aimed to examine the association between guideline recommended in-hospital psychiatric care and criminal behaviour among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Danish patients with schizophrenia (18 years or older) discharged from a psychiatric ward between January 2004 and March 2009 were identified using a national population-based schizophrenia registry (n = 10 757). Data for in-hospital care and patient characteristics were linked with data on criminal charges obtained from the Danish Crime Registry until November 2010. RESULTS: Twenty per cent (n = 2175) of patients were charged with a crime during follow-up (median = 428 days). Violent crimes accounted for 59% (n = 1282) of the criminal offences. The lowest risk of crime was found among patients receiving the most processes of in-hospital care (top quartile of received recommended care, compared with bottom quartiles, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99). The individual processes of care associated with the lowest risk of criminal behaviour were antipsychotic treatment and staff contact with relatives. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality, in-hospital psychiatric care was associated with a lower risk of criminal behaviour after discharge among patients with schizophrenia.


Objectifs : On ne sait pas si les processus de soins à l'hôpital bas sur des données probantes peuvent influencer le risque de comportement criminel chez des patients souffrant de schizophrénie. Notre étude visait à examiner l'association entre soins psychiatriques à l'hôpital recommandés par des lignes directrices et le comportement criminel chez des patients souffrant de schizophrénie. Méthodes : Des patients danois souffrant de schizophrénie (de 18 ans et plus) et ayant reçu leur congé d'une unité psychiatrique entre janvier 2004 et mars 2009 ont été identifiés à l'aide du registre national de la schizophrénie dans la population (n = 10 757). Les données des soins à l'hôpital et des caractéristiques des patients ont été couplées avec les données sur les accusations criminelles obtenues du registre danois de la criminalité jusqu'en novembre 2010. Résultats : Vingt pour cent (n = 2175) des patients ont été accusés d'un crime durant le suivi (moyenne = 428 jours). Les crimes violents représentaient 59 % (n = 1282) des infractions criminelles. Le risque de comportement criminel le plus faible a été constaté chez les patients recevant le plus de processus de soins à l'hôpital (quartile supérieur des soins recommandés reçus, comparé aux quartiles inférieurs, rapport de risques corrigé = 0.86, IC à 95 % 0,75 à 0,99). Les processus de soins individuels associés au risque le plus faible de comportement criminel étaient le traitement par antipsychotiques et les contacts du personnel avec les membres de la famille. Conclusions : Les soins psychiatriques de grande qualité, à l'hôpital, étaient associés à un risque plus faible de comportement criminel après le congé chez des patients souffrant de schizophrénie.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria , Esquizofrenia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Violência , Adulto , Criminosos/psicologia , Criminosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Perigoso , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Serviços de Emergência Psiquiátrica/métodos , Serviços de Emergência Psiquiátrica/normas , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Alta do Paciente/normas , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria/normas , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Melhoria de Qualidade , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Violência/prevenção & controle , Violência/psicologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Can J Psychiatry ; 58(9): 522-8, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24099500

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there are any trends in treated incidence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in Danish psychiatric hospitals based on different diagnostic systems from 1970 to 2009. METHODS: All patients diagnosed with BPD for the first time as a main or an auxiliary diagnosis treated in in- or outpatient facilities in Danish psychiatric hospitals were identified through the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. Age-standardized, sex-specific, and standardized rates were calculated for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Eighth Revision, diagnostic period from 1970 to 1993 and the ICD-10 diagnostic period from 1994 to 2009. RESULTS: The incidence for BPD in females as a main or an auxiliary diagnosis increased linearly from 1970 to 2009 (ß = 0.69 per 100 000 per year [95% CI 0.66 to 0.73]). The rates for males also increased linearly from 1970 to 1993 (ß = 0.37 [95% CI 0.30 to 0.43]) followed by a linearly decrease (ß = -0.22 [95% CI -0.29 to -0.15]) in the ICD-10 period from 1994 to 2009. The increase in females with BPD after the mid-1990s is smaller when controlling for outpatients mandatorily registered from 1995. CONCLUSION: The lack of defined criteria for BPD in ICD-8 may have been interpreted broadly to mean Kernberg's overarching concept of borderline personality organization, resulting in similar rates for males and females. However, in ICD-10, clinicians using the more narrow criteria for emotionally unstable personality disorder (borderline type), tended to diagnose BPD more commonly in women. These results suggest the importance of using specific criteria in diagnosing. They also suggest the importance of stability in the diagnostic criteria for BPD and other disorders.


Objectifs : Rechercher s'il y a des tendances dans l'incidence du trouble de la personnalité limite (TPL) traité dans des hôpitaux psychiatriques danois selon différents systèmes diagnostiques, de 1970 à 2009. Méthodes : Tous les patients ayant reçu un diagnostic de TPL pour la première fois comme diagnostic principal ou auxiliaire et traités comme patients externes ou hospitalisés d'hôpitaux psychiatriques danois ont été identifiés grâce au registre danois central de recherche en psychiatrie. Les taux normalisés selon l'âge, le sexe, ont été calculés avec la Classification internationale des maladies (CIM), 8e révision, pour la période diagnostique de 1970 à 1993 et la CIM-10 pour la période diagnostique de 1994 à 2009. Résultats : L'incidence du TPL chez les femmes comme diagnostic principal ou secondaire a augmenté de façon linéaire de 1970 à 2009 (ß = 0,69 par 100 000 par an [IC à 95 % 0,66 à 0,73]). Les taux chez les hommes ont aussi augmenté de façon linéaire de 1970 à 1993 (ß = 0,37 [IC à 95 % 0,30 à 0,43]), suivis d'une décroissance linéaire (ß = ­0,22 [IC à 95 % ­0,29 à ­0,15]) dans la période utilisant la CIM-10 entre 1994 et 2009. L'augmentation du TPL chez les femmes est plus faible après le milieu des années 1990, après contrôle pour les patients externes obligatoirement inscrits depuis 1995. Conclusion : L'absence de critères définis du TPL dans la CIM-8 peut avoir été interprétée sommairement comme équivalant au concept déterminant de Kernberg sur l'organisation de personnalité limite, donnant suite à des taux semblables pour les hommes et les femmes. Cependant, dans la CIM-10, les cliniciens utilisant des critères plus ciblés pour le trouble de personnalité émotionnellement instable (de type limite) tendaient à diagnostiquer le TPL plus souvent chez les femmes. Ces résultats suggèrent l'importance d'utiliser des critères diagnostiques spécifiques. Ils suggèrent aussi l'importance de la stabilité des critères diagnostiques du TPL et d'autres troubles.


Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde Mental/normas , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Técnicas Psicológicas/normas , Fatores Sexuais
3.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry ; 47(7): 637-45, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23574875

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations between cognitive function and clinical outcome variables. METHOD: Patients diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia between January 2004 and June 2010 were cognitively tested in conjunction with diagnostic procedures. Cognitive test data were connected to Danish healthcare registers and patients were followed in the registers from their first contact with psychiatric in- and outpatient care until October 2011. RESULTS: Patients had impaired attention, processing speed and executive function as measured by Trail Making Test part B; their executive functions, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and working memory, as measured by Rigshospitalet's digit span test, were unaffected as compared to norms. The admission rate, from schizophrenia diagnosis to the end of the study, was predicted by Trail Making Test part A, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), RAVLT (total learning), RAVLT (memory), d2 Test of Attention (total) and d2 type 2 error (error of commission), independent of gender, age and schizophrenia subtype. The length of hospitalization after the schizophrenia diagnosis was mainly determined by the schizophrenia subtype (schizophrenia simplex: incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-0.40, p < 0.001). Diagnosis was secondarily determined by deficits in attention and executive function, Trail Making Test part B, d2 Test of Attention (total), d2 type 1 error (error of omission), d2 type 2 error, and also by age and substance use disorder. The outpatient contact rate from schizophrenia diagnosis to the end of the study was predicted by d2 Test of Attention, Trail Making Test part A, and d2 type 2 error. The annual rate of criminal conviction, institutionalization and social retirement pension was mainly predicted by substance misuse. CONCLUSION: Cognitive function only predicted hospitalization and outpatient contacts to a minor degree in a cohort of newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia.


Assuntos
Atenção , Cognição , Função Executiva , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo , Testes Neuropsicológicos
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