Gammagrafía abdominal con leucocitos marcados en la isquemia intestinal / Abdominal scintigraphy using labelled leukocytes in intestinal ischaemia

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[A study of parasomnias in the prepubertal age]. / Estudio de las parasomnias en la edad prepuberal.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Parasomnias have been little studied in prepubertal age children. When it happens often they can alter the continuity of the sleep and reduce the value restorer of this affecting the academic functioning and daytime behavioural in younger children. We study the total frequency of the parasomnias, the individual frequency of every parasomnia and the association between them in primary education children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We distribute to children's parents (358) of third through sixth grade of Primary Education of one college of Alcoy the Owens Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire of for parents to answer. RESULTS: Rate of response was 58 %. Total frequency of the parasomnias was 6.2 %. The most frequent parasomnia of the research was the periodic limb movements (PLM) (7.7 %) followed of bruxism (6.7%), nightmares (1.9%), enuresis (1.9%) and sleepwalking (1.4%). We did not find any case of night terror. There is a major frequency of enuresis, sleepwalking and nightmares in male children and of PLM in the girls though we have not obtained statistical significance. The PLM associated with nightmares (75%, p < 0.005), sleepwalking (66%, p < 0.05) and bruxism (40%, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Parasomnias happen with a frequency raised in the children in prepubertal age. Following the repercussion that a parasomnia can suppose to the child as well as to his environment, it is important to detect it as soon as possible in order to prevent its consequences and not let them continua once the child gets older.

Estudio de las parasomnias en la edad prepuberal / A study of parasomnias in the prepubertal age

Introducción y objetivos. Las parasomnias se han estudiado poco en niños de edad prepuberal. Cuando ocurren, a menudo pueden alterar la continuidad del sueño y reducir el valor restaurador de éste, afectando al rendimiento escolar y el comportamiento del niño. Estudiamos la frecuencia total de las parasomnias, la frecuencia individual de cada parasomnia y la asociación entre ellas en niños de educación primaria. Pacientes y métodos. Distribuimos a los padres de los niños (358) de 3.º a 6.º de educación primaria de un colegio de Alcoy el cuestionario validado para hábitos del sueño de los niños de Owens, para su cumplimentación. Resultados. La tasa de respuesta fue del 58%. La frecuencia total de las parasomnias fue del 6,2%. La parasomnia más frecuente de las estudiadas fue los movimientos periódicos de las piernas (MPP) (7,7%) seguida del bruxismo (6,7%), las pesadillas (1,9%), la enuresis (1,9%) y el sonambulismo (1,4%). No encontramos ningún caso de terror nocturno. Hay una mayor frecuencia de enuresis, sonambulismo y pesadillas en los niños varones y de MPP en las niñas,aunque no hemos obtenido significación estadística. Los MPP se asociaron con pesadillas (75%, p < 0,005), sonambulismo (66%, p < 0,05) y bruxismo (40%, p < 0,005). Conclusiones. Las parasomnias ocurren con una frecuencia elevada en los niños en edad prepuberal. Dada la repercusión que el padecimiento de una parasomnia puede suponer para el niño y su entorno es importante detectarlas para subsanarlas precozmente en estas edades, para evitar que sus consecuencias trasciendan en edades posteriores (AU)

Introduction and aims. Parasomnias have been little studied in prepubertal age children. When it happens often they can alter the continuity of the sleep and reduce the value restorer of this affecting the academic functioning and daytime behavioural in younger children. We study the total frequency of the parasomnias, the individual frequency of every parasomnia and the association between them in primary education children. Patients and methods.We distribute to children’s parents (358) of third through sixth grade of Primary Education of one college of Alcoy the Owens Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire of for parents to answer. Results. Rate of response was 58 %. Total frequency of the parasomnias was 6.2 %. The most frequent parasomnia of the research was the periodic limb movements (PLM) (7.7 %) followed of bruxism (6.7%), nightmares (1.9%), enuresis (1.9%) and sleepwalking (1.4%). We did not find any case of night terror. There is a major frequency of enuresis, sleepwalking and nightmares in male children and of PLM in the girls though we have not obtained statistical significance. The PLM associated with nightmares (75%, p < 0.005), sleepwalking (66%, p < 0.05) and bruxism (40%, p < 0.005). Conclusions. Parasomnias happen with a frequency raised in the children in prepubertal age. Following the repercussion that a parasomnia can suppose to the child as well as to his environment, it is important to detect it as soon as possible in order to prevent itsconsequences and not let them continua once the child gets older (AU)

[Tuberculous chylothorax: case report and review of the literature]. / Quilotórax tuberculoso: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.

Chylothorax is an unusual manifestation of tuberculous disease. Anecdotal cases of chylothorax due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of tuberculous chylothorax and review the previously published cases. None of these cases was diagnosed by the application of polymerase chain reaction in pleural effusion. This test applied to different specimens has shown high specificity and sensitivity; for this reason, the routine use of this test, on pleural effusion, could be very useful, quick, and few aggressive in the diagnosis of tuberculous chylothorax, especially when chest X-ray is normal.

Quilotórax tuberculoso: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Tuberculous chylothorax: case report and review of the literature

El quilotórax es una manifestación infrecuente de la enfermadad tuberculosa. En la literatura se han descrito casos anecdóticos de quilotórax producido por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Describimos un caso clínico de quilotórax de etiología tuberculosa y revisamos los casos publicados en la literatura médica. En ningún caso el diagnóstico etiológico se realizó mediante la aplicación de la reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) en el líquido de quilotórax. Esta técnica ha demostrado una alta sensibilidad y especificidad cuando se aplica a distintos especímenes; por este motivo, el uso sistemático de esta técnica poco agresiva podría ser de gran utilidad para establecer el diagnóstico precoz del quilotórax tuberculoso especialmente en aquellos casos sin evidencia radiológica de afectación pulmonar

Chylothorax is an inusual manifestation of tuberculous disease. Anecdotal cases of chylothorax due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of tuberculous chylothorax and review the previously published cases. None of these cases was diagnosed by the aplication of polymerase chain reaction in pleural effusion. This test applaied to different specimenes has shown a high especificity and sensitivity; for this reason, the routin use of this test, on pleural effusion, could be very useful, quick, and few agressive in the diagnosis of tuberculous chylothorax, especially when chest X-ray is normal

[Do patients with duodenal ulcer transmit Helicobacter pylori to their relatives?]. / Los pacientes con úlcera duodenal transmiten el Helicobacter pylori a sus familiares?

The prevalence of IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 80 families who lived together with 40 duodenal ulcer patients in whom Helicobacter pylori had been cultured from a gastric biopsy (34 spouses, 31 children, 10 parents, 4 sisters and 1 brother) and in 112 controls from the same habitat and with similar age. The antibodies were positive in 38.4% of the relatives and in 36.6% of the controls, the difference was not significant. Among spouses of patients, 38.4% of those aged 25-39 years and 66.6% of those aged 40-67 years were positive, whereas controls showed a 29.2% and a 58.3% of positives respectively. The differences between both groups were not significant. Among children, 17.2% were positive and in parents 50%, whereas among controls with a similar age 26.3% and 62.5% respectively were positive. The differences between relatives and controls were not significant. We conclude that in our environment among consanguineous families living together and between spouses, person-to-person spread of Helicobacter pylori does not usually occur or it happens uncommonly.

[Usefulness of IgG and IgM detection against antigen 60 in the diagnosis of thoracic tuberculosis]. / Utilidad de la determinación de IgG e IgM frente al antígeno 60 para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis torácica.

We conducted a prospective study in order to assess the use of the "ELISA" method (Anda-Tb) for the detection of antibodies IgG and IgM against antigen 60 in mycobacterias for the initial diagnosis of thoracic tuberculosis. 215 serum samples from 44 patients with tuberculosis and 171 control cases were studied. The threshold value for IgG in our environment is 200 U, resulting in a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 34%. The IgM test has a low sensitivity, although when combined with the IgG, the sensitivity of the test increases while its specificity is reduced. This method is not useful in patients with HIV infection and immunodepression (AIDS). We have not observed any relationship between the serology and the response to PPD intradermorreaction. We conclude that this method could be used in our environment as a supplementary test, but in any case as a substitute of the traditional microbiological diagnosis.

[Description of a school micro-epidemics of tuberculosis]. / Descripción de una microepidemia escolar de tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the progressive decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, this disease continues to be a problem of Public Health Care, maintaining endemic levels which sporadically allow the appearance of epidemic outbreaks, particularly among the young population. A small outbreak of tuberculosis among COU (high school) students is presented. METHODS: Following the detection of a case of open, cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis, the authors studied 47 students and 12 teachers who were distributed into two groups according to the number of weekly class hours shared with the index case (group A 4 hours and group B 21 hours). RESULTS: The index case began with respiratory symptomatology in the month of September 1990 and was not diagnosed of tuberculosis until January 1991, having shared classes with school mates for 3 months. In April 1991 two patients were diagnosed with pleural tuberculosis and it was at this time that the study was initiated. A prevalence rate of positive tuberculin of 59% was detected among the students of group A and 93% among those of group B, with an incidence of tuberculous disease of 12% and 20% in the two groups respectively. No teachers were found to have the disease and the tuberculin test was heavily influenced by previous BCG vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Both the prevalence of infection and the incidence of tuberculosis was very high in all two groups. The authors consider that the development of this small outbreak in a school was due to deficiencies in primary health care (low index of suspicion and excessive delay), specialized care (delay in declaration of cases) and epidemiologic departments (deficient study of contacts).

[Effect of smoking on hematologic parameters in healthy people]. / Impacto del tabaquismo sobre los parámetros hematológicos en personas sanas.

In a cross-sectional study we investigated the effect of smoking on hematological parameters in 507 apparently healthy individuals. A positive association was found between smoking and leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed red cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. By contrast, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly lower in smokers. The number of red blood cells and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were not associated with smoking. When health examinations are carried out, and whenever laboratory studies of healthy or ill persons are evaluated, the effect of smoking on hematological parameters should be considered.