Efecto de la técnica de respiración profunda en el nivel de ansiedad en adultos mayores / Effect of the deep breathing technique on the level of anxiety in older adults

Resumen

Introducción: los adultos mayores están expuestos a múltiples factores que pueden ocasionar ansiedad. Existen diversas técnicas psicoafectivas, una de las cuales es la técnica de respiración profunda, que ayudará a los adultos mayores a disminuir su ansiedad.

Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la técnica de respiración profunda en el nivel de ansiedad de los adultos mayores.

Metodología: estudio cuasi experimental en el que se incluyeron adultos mayores de 60 años o más. Se trató de una muestra no probabilística por cuota (96) en la que se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas y de ansiedad. La intervención técnica de respiración profunda y ansiedad se midió a través del instrumento IDARE.

Resultados: el rango de edad predominante fue de 65 a 69 años (29.7%); el género, femenino (74.3%). En la preintervención el 58.1% tuvo ansiedad moderada y 5.4%, grave. En la postintervención 9.5% presentó ansiedad moderada y ningún caso con ansiedad grave. Se observó asociación pre- y postintervención (p = 0.000).

Conclusiones: la respiración profunda como parte de la intervención de enfermera-paciente logró cambios positivos y disminuyó niveles de ansiedad en el adulto mayor.

Abstract

Introduction: Older adults are exposed to multiple factors that can lead to the development of anxiety. There are several psycho-affective techniques, among which is the deep breathing technique, which can be useful to decrease the anxiety in older adults.

Objective: To determine the effect of the deep breathing technique on the level of anxiety in older adults.

Methods: Quasi experimental study which included adults of 60 years or older. The sample was no probabilistic by quota (96), in which socio-demographic and anxiety variables were included. Deep breathing technique and anxiety were measured through the IDARE instrument.

Results: The main range of age was 65 to 69 years (29.7%); 74.3% were women. In the pre-intervention, 58.1% had moderate anxiety and 5.4% severe anxiety; in the post-intervention, 9.5% had moderate anxiety and 0% severe anxiety. We observed an association between pre- and postintervention (p = 0.000).

Conclusions: As a part of the nursing intervention, using the deep breathing technique obtained positive changes, since it decreased anxiety levels in older adults.

Validity and reliability of electroacoustic probe for diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

BACKGROUND: Sound transmission is used in the diagnosis of hip dysplasia since the end of the 80's. Aim of this study is to quantify the validity and reliability of electroacoustic probe for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia in neonates. METHODS: Diagnostic study included neonates aged 4-28 days, whose parents signed an informed consent. The probe was used three times for comparative sound transmission and with extension/flexion; hip ultrasound was performed with Graf technique as gold standard. Kappa was determined for intraobserver and interobserver reliability; validity was calculated with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. RESULTS: 100 neonates were included. For the comparative sound transmission, 0.80 and 0.81 Kappa were obtained for the intraobserver and interobserver respectively; with extension/flexion, Kappa 0.98 and 0.95 were obtained for the intraobserver and interobserver respectively. With comparative sound transmission, 44.8%, 97.7%, 76.5% and 91.3% for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, respectively; with extension/flexion test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values: 82.8%, 99.4%, 96.0%, and 97.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The electroacoustic probe is moderate valid and reliable for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science framework https://osf.io/kpf5s/?view_only=0a9682c6w1c842ad8e1d9a66e8dcf038.

Do People with Type 2 Diabetes Think They are Unhealthy?: A Cross-Sectional Study in Celaya, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that presents a significant burden on health care systems in many countries. With the rise of obesity, the incidence of Type 2 diabetes has also been steadily increasing. A healthy lifestyle and understanding of diabetes management are important factors for delaying the onset of comorbidities associated with Type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the self-perception of health in individuals with Type 2 diabetes as it relates to BMI status, which has important implications for the implementation of preventive programs. METHODS: A cross-sectional lifestyle survey was implemented in the region of Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, targeting 100 participants diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measurements and participant characteristics were also obtained. Fisher's exact test was used to determine if the proportions of lifestyles perceptions differed by BMI status. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 56.12 ± 10.26, a mean BMI of 29.13 ± 5.48 kg/m2, were mostly married (67.0%), and female (70.0%). None of the normal weight participants perceived themselves as unhealthy. 95% of overweight/obese participants perceived themselves to be healthy, despite a diagnosis of diabetes and being overweight/obese, while only 5% perceived themselves to be unhealthy. However, these differences in the perceptions of health classified by BMI status were not statistically significant (p = 0.42). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that overweight and obese persons with Type 2 diabetes in Celaya, Mexico may have misperceptions about their own health, even though these findings were not statistically significant. These preliminary data highlight the importance of implementing prevention and educational programs among those with diabetes, in order to combat health misperceptions and raise awareness about the dangers of diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, more research with larger sample sizes is needed in order to fully understand the effects of perception of health on actual health.

Correlación de mediciones de temperatura corporal con 3 termómetros: ótico, cutáneo y digital, en niños mexicanos / Comparison of body temperatures in children measured using 3 different thermometers: Tympanic, skin and digital axillary

OBJETIVO: comparar las mediciones de la temperatura corporal con termómetros ótico y cutáneo con termómetro digital axilar. MÉTODO: Los sujetos fueron niños hospitalizados o de consulta externa del Hospital General Celaya, Clínica Hospital ISSSTE y Hospital General de Zona No. 4 del IMSS y de servicio privado pediátrico en Celaya (Guanajuato) desde neonatos de un día de vida hasta adolescentes de 16 años de edad, reclutados durante un mes en cada institución, seleccionado el orden de las instituciones por método aleatorizado simple. Se midió la temperatura corporal con termómetro ótico, termómetro cutáneo y digital axilar. Todas las mediciones se tomaron en 3 ocasiones. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo integrada por 554 niños. Entre termómetro ótico y digital axilar, la r de Pearson fue de 0,57 a 0,65, con relación lineal positiva (p < 0,05); entre el cutáneo y el digital axilar, la r de Pearson fue entre 0,47 y 0,52 con relación lineal positiva (p < 0,05). La kappa intraobservador para el termómetro ótico fue de 0,86, e interobservador fue de 0,77, para el termómetro cutáneo fueron 0,82 y 0,67, respectivamente y para el termómetro axilar digital fue de 0,86 para la confiabilidad intraobservador y de 0,78 para la interobservador. CONCLUSIÓN: El termómetro ótico y el digital axilar muestran mejor precisión de la medición de la temperatura corporal que el termómetro cutáneo

OBJECTIVE: To compare body temperature measurements using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers. METHOD: Hospitalized or outpatient children from the General Hospital Celaya, ISSSTE Hospital Clinic and General Hospital No. 4 IMSS, and the pediatric private service in Celaya, Guanajuato, from 1 day of life until 16 years old, were recruited over a one month period, aftertheir parents signed the consent form. The order of each institution was selected by simplerandomization. Body temperatures were measured in triplicate using tympanic, skin and digitalaxillary thermometers. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 554 children. The Pearson r between the tympanic and digitalaxillary thermometers was 0.57 to 0.65, with a positive linear relationship (P<.05); betweenthe skin and the digital axillary thermometers, it was between 0.47 and 0.52 with a positivelinearrelationship (P<.05). The intra-observer Kappa for the tympanic thermometer was 0.86, and for the inter-observer was 0.77; for the skin thermometer it was 0.82 and 0.67, respectively,and for the digital axillary thermometer it was 0.86 for intra-observer reliability and 0.78 forinter -observer reliability. CONCLUSION: Tympanic and axillary thermometers showed better precision in measuring the bodytemperature in children than skin thermometers

[Comparison of body temperatures in children measured using 3 different thermometers: tympanic, skin and digital axillary]. / Correlación de mediciones de temperatura corporal con 3 termómetros: ótico, cutáneo y digital, en niños mexicanos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare body temperature measurements using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers. METHOD: Hospitalized or outpatient children from the General Hospital Celaya, ISSSTE Hospital Clinic and General Hospital No. 4 IMSS, and the pediatric private service in Celaya, Guanajuato, from 1 day of life until 16 years old, were recruited over a one month period, after their parents signed the consent form. The order of each institution was selected by simple randomization. Body temperatures were measured in triplicate using tympanic, skin and digital axillary thermometers. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 554 children. The Pearson r between the tympanic and digital axillary thermometers was 0.57 to 0.65, with a positive linear relationship (P<.05); between the skin and the digital axillary thermometers, it was between 0.47 and 0.52 with a positive linearrelationship (P<.05). The intra-observer Kappa for the tympanic thermometer was 0.86, and for the inter-observer was 0.77; for the skin thermometer it was 0.82 and 0.67, respectively, and for the digital axillary thermometer it was 0.86 for intra-observer reliability and 0.78 for inter -observer reliability. CONCLUSION: Tympanic and axillary thermometers showed better precision in measuring the body temperature in children than skin thermometers.