Resuscitation of non-vigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid: post policy change impact analysis.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the impact of policy change in delivery room resuscitation from routine endotracheal (ET) suctioning of non-vigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) to immediate non-invasive respiratory support. DESIGN: Single-centre cohort study. Prospective group (October 2016-September 2017)-non-vigorous neonates born through MSAF managed according to the current (2015) guidance of commencing respiratory support without prior suctioning. Retrospective group (August 2015-July 2016)-non-vigorous neonates born through MSAF who underwent routine ET suctioning. RESULTS: 1138 neonates born through MSAF were analysed. No differences in the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), requirement of mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide or surfactant therapy were found between groups. Less neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were necessary in the prospective cohort compared with the retrospective group (19.1% vs 55.6%, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The policy change towards not routinely suctioning non-vigorous neonates born through MSAF at birth was not associated with an increase in the local incidence of MAS and was associated with fewer NICU admissions.

Efficacy of noninvasive respiratory support modes as postextubation respiratory support in preterm neonates: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) modalities are used for postextubation support in preterm neonates. Seven NRS modalities were compared-constant flow continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (CF-CPAP) (bubble CPAP; ventilator CPAP), variable flow CPAP (VF-CPAP), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), synchronized noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (S-NIPPV), nonsynchronized NIPPV (NS-NIPPV), bilevel CPAP (BiPAP), noninvasive high-frequency oscillation ventilation (nHFOV). DESIGN: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) using the Bayesian random-effects approach. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WHO-ICTRP were searched. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation within 7 days of extubation. RESULTS: A total of 33 studies with 4080 preterm neonates were included. S-NIPPV, NS-NIPPV, nHFOV, and VF-CPAP were more efficacious in preventing reintubation than CF-CPAP (risk ratio [RR] [95% credible intervals {CrI}]: 0.22 [0.12, 0.35]; 0.44 [0.27, 0.67]; 0.42 [0.18, 0.81]; 0.73 [0.52, 0.99]). Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value ranked S-NIPPV to be the best postextubation intervention (SUCRA: 0.98). S-NIPPV was more effective than NS-NIPPV, BiPAP, VF-CPAP, and HFNC (RR [95% CrI]: 0.52 [0.24, 0.97]; 0.32 [0.14, 0.64]; 0.30 [0.16, 0.50]; 0.24 [0.12, 0.41]). NS-NIPPV resulted in lesser reintubation compared to VF-CPAP and HFNC (RR [95% CrI]: 0.61 [0.36, 0.97]; 0.49 [0.27, 0.80]). BiPAP, VF-CPAP, and HFNC had comparable efficacies. The overall quality of evidence was very low to moderate. CONCLUSION: Results of this NMA indicate that S-NIPPV might be the most effective and CF-CPAP the least effective NRS modality for preventing extubation failure.

Clinical Management of Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia: A Case Report.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, genetically inherited platelet disorder in which the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) complex is either deficient or, dysfunctional. The incidence is about 1 in 1,000,000. This case report deals with a 4 year-old girl diagnosed with GT presenting with dental caries and periapical lesions in the primary mandibular first molars. To provide the best care, an interdisciplinary approach was followed by a team consisting of pediatric dentists, pediatricians and anesthesiologists. Complete oral rehabilitation was planned under general anesthesia which included extractions, multiple esthetic restorations and space maintainers with the utmost care to prevent unwarranted bleeding.