RESUMO
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare complication of long bone fractures, with fulminant FES developing within 12 h of injury and often proving fatal (Shaikh, 2009 [1]). Here, we present a case of fulminant FES in a patient who developed sudden right heart failure after undergoing external fixation of a lower leg fracture and required veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). A 79-year-old woman injured in a traffic accident was transferred to our emergency department. Upon arrival, her level of consciousness deteriorated, and she developed circulatory failure. We promptly performed transcatheter arterial embolization for the pelvic fracture and external fixation of the tibiofibular fracture. Within four hours of the injury, she was admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Two hours after ICU admission, her hemodynamic status worsened, necessitating the administration of maximum catecholamine dose. Echocardiography revealed petechial hemorrhage of the palpebral conjunctiva and enlargement of the right ventricle. Despite maximal supportive care, the patient remained cardiovascularly unstable. Therefore, VA-ECMO was initiated to stabilize her hemodynamic status. Thereafter, her hemodynamics stabilized, and ECMO support was weaned off and removed on day 3. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence of cerebral fat embolism. On day 9, she underwent open reduction of the left lower leg with internal fixation and was transferred to another hospital on day 29. This report documents the successful management of fulminant FES during the acute phase of multiple traumas. Clinicians should consider VA-ECMO when suspecting uncontrolled circulatory failure due to fulminant FES, even in the acute phase of multiple trauma.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between blood glucose levels on arrival at the hospital and 1-month survival and favorable neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA using a large Japanese dataset. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the JAAM-OHCA Registry. Adult (≥18 years) patients with witnessed OHCA transported to emergency departments and registered in the database from June 2014 to December 2019 were included in the study. The primary and secondary endpoints were 1-month survival and 1-month favorable neurological outcomes (Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category score 1 or 2), respectively. Patients were categorized into the following four groups based on blood glucose levels on arrival at the hospital: <80 mg/dL, 80-179 mg/dL, 180-299 mg/dL, and ≥300 mg/dL. RESULTS: This study included 11,387 patients. Survival rates were 1.3%, 3.1%, 7.0%, and 5.7% in the <80 mg/dL, 80-179 mg/dL, 180-299 mg/dL, and ≥ 300 mg/dL blood glucose groups, respectively. The rates of favorable neurological outcomes in each group were 0.4%, 1.5%, 3.3%, and 2.5%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that 180-299 mg/dL glucose was significantly associated with 1-month survival and favorable neurological outcomes compared with 80-179 mg/dL glucose (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-2.31; p < 0.001 and OR, 1.52; 95 % Cl, 1.02-2.25; p = 0.035, respectively). In this study, blood glucose levels with the best outcomes likely ranged from 200 to 250 mg/dL based on the cubic spline regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glucose level of 180-299 mg/dL on arrival at the hospital was significantly associated with 1-month survival and favorable neurological outcomes compared to blood glucose level of 80-179 mg/dL in patients with OHCA.
