Physical, Functional, Psychological, and Social Effects of a Physical Activity Program in Adults and Older Adults During and/or After Hospitalization for COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

Background: It is necessary to investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on the recovery of adults and the elderly, considering PA positively affects pathologies that share similarities with COVID-19. We present the results of a systematic review whose objective was to analyze the physical, functional, psychological, and social effects of PA in adults and the elderly during and/or after hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods: Searches were conducted between July and August 2021, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomized interventional studies were included in the databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and electronic search engines. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro for RCTs and the methodological index scale for non-randomized studies. This systematic review included original articles investigating the physical, functional, psychological, and social effects of any PA program on adults and older adults. Results: A total of 302 studies were found. After applying filters according to the eligibility criteria, five studies were finally included for analysis, three RCTs and two intervention studies without a control group. Although the studies measured different variables of the physical, functional, and psychological components, the results showed significant differences in the variables between the control and intervention groups in both the RCTs and the single-group studies. The variables assessed in the social aspect were less homogeneous. Conclusion: In the available scientific evidence, respiratory muscle training was the most widely used intervention, which showed positive results in the physical, pulmonary, psychological, and social components. More research is required on the effects of PA on the population studied.

Effects of dance in older adults at risk of falls. Exploratory review.

INTRODUCTION: Falls are considered a public health problem in older adults, and their approach should be multidimensional. Dance emerges as an intervention option that allows different schemes to be integrated in movement enhancement. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of dance on balance, motor function and activities of daily living in older adults at risk of falling. METHODS: Exploratory review of the effects of dance in older adults at risk of falling in terms of balance, gait, motor function and activities of daily living. Searches were carried out in PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, OTSeeker, full text articles were searched in different virtual libraries (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) and manual search was also carried out. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were found, which report sessions of 45 to 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Dance can be considered a safe intervention that significantly decreases control intervention for balance and gait in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this work support that dance can be used as an interventional option in older adults at risk of falling.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las caídas se consideran un problema de salud pública en los adultos mayores y su abordamiento debería ser multidimensional. La danza surge como una opción de intervención que permite integrar diferentes esquemas en la potenciación del movimiento. OBJETIVO: Determinar los efectos de la danza a nivel de equilibrio, función motora y actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer. MÉTODOS: Revisión exploratoria en torno a cuáles son los efectos de la danza en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer para mejor el equilibrio, la marcha, la función motora y las actividades de la vida diaria. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en PubMed, LILACS, Registro Central Cochrane de Ensayos Clínicos Controlados, PEDro, OTSeeker, artículos en texto completo en las diferentes bibliotecas virtuales (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) y búsqueda manual. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 19 estudios que reportan sesiones de 45 a 60 minutos durante 12 semanas. La danza puede considerarse una intervención segura que disminuye significativamente la intervención de control para equilibrio y marcha en adultos mayores. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este trabajo sustentan que se puede emplear la danza como una opción interventiva en adultos mayores que presentan riesgo de caer.

Sit to stand muscle power reference values and their association with adverse events in Colombian older adults.

Recently, a valid method to assess lower-body muscle power based on a sit-to-stand field test (STS) has been published. Our study aimed to describe lower-body muscle power in older individuals aged ≥ 60 years and examine the relationship of muscle weakness with adverse events according to gender- and age-specific muscle weakness cut-off points. A total of 3689 Colombian older adults (57.6% women, age 69.1 ± 6.9 years) from the 2015 Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) participated in this study. Lower-body muscle power normalized to body mass was estimated by the five-repetitions STS test. Anthropometric, physical performance and clinical characteristics were collected. Age-specific percentiles using the LMS method, cut-off points and association with adverse events were calculated. Lower-body muscle power was greater in men than among women (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5 W·kg-1, respectively; p < 0.001) at all ages. Muscle power ranked in the 50th percentile between 2.38 and 1.30 W·kg-1 in men, whereas women ranked between 1.79 and 1.21 W·kg-1. According to the cut-off points, lower-limb muscle power < 1 standard deviation  in men was associated with having dynapenia, poor gait speed, cognitive impairment and mental, visual, hearing and memory problems. While, women were associated with having sarcopenia, dynapenia, poor gait speed, cognitive impairment, mental, hearing and memory problems, dementia and hospitalizations of > 24 h in the last year. Overall, participants with poor lower-limb muscle power had a significantly higher risk of adverse events [in men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-1.91, p < 0.001; in women: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.27-1.87, p = 0.001] than their stronger counterparts. This study is the first to describe lower-limb muscle power values and cut-off points among a nationally representative sample of Colombian older adults. In men, 7 of the 14 adverse events studied were associated with lower muscle strength, whereas in women, it was 9 of the 14 adverse events.

Efectos de la danza en adultos mayores con riesgo de caídas. Revisión exploratoria / Effects of dance in older adults at risk of falls. Exploratory review

Resumen Introducción: Las caídas se consideran un problema de salud pública en los adultos mayores y su abordamiento debería ser multidimensional. La danza surge como una opción de intervención que permite integrar diferentes esquemas en la potenciación del movimiento. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la danza a nivel de equilibrio, función motora y actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer. Métodos: Revisión exploratoria en torno a cuáles son los efectos de la danza en adultos mayores con riesgo de caer para mejor el equilibrio, la marcha, la función motora y las actividades de la vida diaria. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en PubMed, LILACS, Registro Central Cochrane de Ensayos Clínicos Controlados, PEDro, OTSeeker, artículos en texto completo en las diferentes bibliotecas virtuales (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) y búsqueda manual. Resultados: Se encontraron 19 estudios que reportan sesiones de 45 a 60 minutos durante 12 semanas. La danza puede considerarse una intervención segura que disminuye significativamente la intervención de control para equilibrio y marcha en adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo sustentan que se puede emplear la danza como una opción interventiva en adultos mayores que presentan riesgo de caer.

Abstract Introduction: Falls are considered a public health problem in older adults, and their approach should be multidimensional. Dance emerges as an intervention option that allows different schemes to be integrated in movement enhancement. Objective: To determine the effects of dance on balance, motor function and activities of daily living in older adults at risk of falling. Methods: Exploratory review of the effects of dance in older adults at risk of falling in terms of balance, gait, motor function and activities of daily living. Searches were carried out in PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, OTSeeker, full text articles were searched in different virtual libraries (ProQuest, Ovid, Ebsco, Science Direct) and manual search was also carried out. Results: Nineteen studies were found, which report sessions of 45 to 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Dance can be considered a safe intervention that significantly decreases control intervention for balance and gait in older adults Conclusions: The results of this work support that dance can be used as an interventional option in older adults at risk of falling.

Aerobic Physical Exercise for Pain Intensity, Aerobic Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Currently, chronic pain is a disabling condition that is difficult to manage, which generates a high burden on health systems. The objective is to determine the effects of aerobic physical exercise in adults with chronic pain. METHODS: A systematic review of searches in databases including MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, PEDro, OTseeker, The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar was conducted. The search process was carried out until July 31, 2020, and the study selection process was independently carried out through a criteria analysis for each phase. Outcome measures were chosen: aerobic capacity, physical function, quality of life, and pain. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in which aerobic exercise was considered as an option to treat chronic pain. These studies showed significant results compared with other treatment options in terms of pain measurements (-0.22 [-0.42 to -0.03]) and aerobic capacity. For quality of life, there were significant improvements in the physical function component over the mental health component evaluated with the short form health survey-36/12. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise is a nonpharmacological therapeutic option for treatment. Also, aerobic capacity and endurance improved when this type of exercise was prescribed, thus resulting in a substantial improvement in the quality of life of people suffering from chronic pain.