[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. A series of clinical cases and an analysis of the literature data]. / Dural'nye spinal'nye arteriovenoznye fistuly. Seriia sobstvennykh klinicheskikh nabliudenii i analiz dannykh literatury.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the most common vascular malformation of the spinal cord, causing segmental lesions of the spinal cord due to venous ischemia. Functional outcomes of treatment in SDAVF patients are favorable, but the rate of improvement varies from 25 to 100%, which complicates prediction of the treatment outcome. AIM: the study aim was to identify a relationship between fistula localization and clinical manifestations and evaluate the effect of disease duration and severity of neurological impairments on immediate and long-term treatment outcomes, based on analysis of the literature and own data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In September 2016, we performed a PubMed search for publications using keywords 'spinal arteriovenous fistula', 'treatment', and 'outcome'. We selected publications containing information on the patient's age, fistula location, disease duration, and evaluation of symptom severity (Aminoff-Logue scale) preoperatively, postoperatively, and at least 3 months after surgery. The analysis also included data on patients operated on at the clinic. A total of 187 patients were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The fistula was most often located at the T6, T7, and T9 level, with motor disorders being more severe for fistulas located at or below the T9 vertebra. Surgical isolation of the fistula improved the functional state of patients, with patients under the age of 60 years having a better prognosis for recovery of impaired functions. Motor disorders significantly regressed in the early postoperative period in all patients, but in the long-term period, there was worsening of motor disorders in patients with a better baseline functional state.

[Comparative evaluation of drainage methods used for penetrating gunshot cerebral injuries].

The paper presents a comparative evaluation of the methods of gunshot craniocerebral wounds draining, applied when the primary surgical treatment at the stages of medical evacuation of the limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. An analysis of occurring infectious complications and outcomes of surgical treatment of the wounded is given. Based on clinical observations revealed most effective method of the active drainage gunshot traumatic brain injuries. The advantages of tidal drainage, appropriate for mechanical cleaning of wounds, allows controlling hemostasis, using antibacterial solutions are given.

[Provision of medical care to the wounded with craniocerebral injuries at stages of medical evacuation in mountains and desert areas].

The author shows that surgery with craniocerebral injuries should be fully performed at the stage of specialized medical care. Wounded have to be evacuated not earlier than 5-7 days after surgery with the mandatory use of a special air transport ("Scalpel" or "Spasatel"), accompanied by Anaesthetist. In the absence of the possibility of surgery in 5-7 days at this stage the wounded have to be evacuated by air to the center hospitals. On the stage there are only patients requiring specialized care because of health reasons. Wounded with gunshot wounds of the soft tissues of the head, and those with mild forms of brain damage during the explosive and combat injury (concussion, mild brain contusion) can be evacuated by air transport accompanied by a doctor or paramedic at any period of time after the injury (trauma).

Selection and characterization of phage miniantibodies to actins of different origin.

Single-chain miniantibodies (scFv's) to actin were obtained by the phage display method. A naive combinatorial phage display library of murine scFv's (containing 2x10(8) independent recombinant clones) was used to select miniantibodies. After three rounds of selection two clones producing miniantibodies to chicken smooth muscle actin with affinity constants of 1.4x10(7) and 1.2x10(6) M(-1) were chosen. The isolated miniantibodies could specifically detect various plant and animal actins.

[Role of spiral computed tomography in the assessment of the bone and soft tissue structures of the spine in the postoperative period of degenerative diseases and traumas]. / Rol' spiral'noi komp'iuternoi tomografii v otsenke kostnykh i miagkotkannykh struktur pozvonochnogo stolba v posleoperatsionnom periode pri degenerativnykh zabolevaniiakh i travmakh.

The spiral computed tomography (SCT) was used in examinations of 59 patients with symptoms of neurological disorders at the postoperative period after discectomy, and 82 casualties and 24 patients with degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the spine after correcting-stabilizing operations with plasty of the vertebra with autobone, biositall-XK. An examination of this category of patients and casualties in the nearest and remote terms after operation improves the potentials of SCT-diagnostics of recurrent hernias, epidural fibrosis, spondylites, central and lateral stenoses and allows control of osteoreparation and remodelling of the spine. The improved pathogenetical treatment in these cases shortens the period of disability and does not result in persistent invalidism of the patients.

[Posttraumatic spinal instability and the methods for its surgical correction]. / Posttravmaticheskaia nestabil'nost' pozvonochnika i metody ee khirurgicheskoi korrektsii.

The paper deals with the outcomes of 982 patients with thoracic and lumbar spinal lesions and the data of biomechanical testing (298 studies on 103 specimens from the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine). Major types of acute posttraumatic spinal instability (such as axial instability, threatening fractured fragment instability, and threatening segmental instability) are defined and the stabilizing capacities of routine surgical techniques are assessed. The current systems for stabilizing the spine (transpedicular designs and plates for anterior spinal fixation is shown to be effective.

[Surgical treatment of patients with injuries of the spine of the thoracic and lumbar localization]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie postradavshikh s povrezhdeniiami pozvonochnika grudnoi i poiasnichnoi lokalizatsii.

Surgical treatment of 276 patients with uncomplicated (71.7%) and complicated (28.3%) injuries of the spine of the thoracic and lumbar localization was taken as the material for the article. The authors propose a rational strategy and tactics of operative treatment of patients with traumas of the spine and also they make an assessment of efficiency of some new surgical technologies. The volume and optimum terms of the decompressive-stabilizing operations on the spine are determined depending on the kind of the vertebral injury and the general state of the patient. The effectiveness of the present-day systems of stabilization of the spine (transpedicular constructions and plates for the frontal fixation of the spine) was demonstrated.

[Circular dichroism spectral characteristics of liquid-CRYSTAL dispersions of double-stranded DNA and DNA complexes with dyes]. / Nekotorye osobennosti spectrov krugovogo dikhroizma zhidkokristallicheskich dispersi'i dvuchtsepochechnykh molekul dnk i ee kompleksov s okrashennymi soedineniiami.

The circular dichroism spectra of liquid-crystalline dispersions formed of double-stranded DNA molecules were calculated. It was found that the amplitude and sing of the anomalous band in these spectra in the region of absorption of nitrous bases depend on the size of dispersed particles, the pitch of their cholesterol helix and the sign of its spatial winding. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental data characterizing the anomalous optical properties of liquid-crystalline DNA dispersions and synthetic polynucleotides formed as a result of phase elimination in aqueous salt solutions of polyethyleneglycol. The theoretically calculated circular dichroism spectra of liquid-crystalline DNA dispersions agree with the circular dichroism spectra of these dispersions observed experimentally.