[Reconstruction of gene network associated with Parkinson disease for gene targets search]. / Rekonstruktsiia gennoi seti bolezni Parkinsona dlia poiska genov-mishenei.

Accumulation of genetic data in the field of Parkinson's disease research culminated in identifying risk factors and confident prediction of the disease occurrence. To find new gene-targets for diagnostics and therapy we have to reconstruct gene network of the disease, to cluster genes in the network, to reveal key (hub) genes with largest number of interactions in the network. Using the on-line bioinformatics tools OMIM, PANTHER, g:Profiler, GeneMANIA, and STRING-DB, we have analyzed the current array of data related to Parkinson's disease, calculated the categories of gene ontologies for a large list of genes, visualized them, and built gene networks containing the identified key objects and their relationships. However, translating the results into biological understanding is still a promising major challenge. The analysis of the genes associated with the disease, the assessment of their place in the gene network (connectivity) allows us to evaluate them as target genes for medicinal effects.

[Optimization of a method of solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis for determination of chloramphenicol in milk]. / Optimizatsiia metoda tverdofaznogo immunofermentnogo analiza dlia opredeleniia khloramfenikola v moloke.

The method of solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk was developed. Peculiarities of the adsorption on the microtitre plates surface of CAP-ovalbumin conjugate were investigated. Different conditions of competition stage of the analysis were studied. Conditions providing CAP monitoring in human blood serum in the clinical range were optimized. Matrix effect on the assay results was studied. The specificity of the analytical system was investigated and the reagents stability was examined. The method developed permits CAP concentration to be determined in human blood serum, diluted 1/100, in the linear range from 0.1 to 100 ng/ml. The assay is characterized by high sensitivity (0.08 ng/ml) and good reproducibility (CV < 10.8%), assay time is about 3 hours. The correlation coefficient with HPLC is 0.977.

[The incidence of detecting antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in children in specialized children's institutions]. / Chastota vyiavleniia antitel k virusu gepatita C u detei spetsializirovannykh detskikh uchrezhdenii.

Marked differences in the distribution of markers of hepatitis C and B among children in closed children's institutions was established. The frequency of detection of anti-C100-3 in children varied from O in St. Petersburg to 29.4% in Nalchik. A high rate of infection in children is primarily associated with a low level of medico-sanitary service. The results indicate the advisability of specific prophylaxis of viral hepatitis C in specialized children's institutions.

[The effect of the bronchoalveolar fluid of mice infected with the influenza virus on hematopoietic bone marrow precursors]. / Vliianie bronkhoal'veoliarnoi zhidkosti myshei, infitsirovannykh virusom grippa, na kostnomozgovye predshestvenniki gemopoéza.

The influence of bronchoalveolar washing fluid (BAWF), as well as BAWF cells, obtained from mice infected with influenza virus, on the formation of exogenic spleen colony-forming units (CFUs) of lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients was studied. BAWF and BAWF cells of intact syngeneic mice stimulated the growth of CFUs. BAWF of mice infected with nonpathogenic strain A/PR/8/34 lost its capacity for stimulating the growth of colonies, and BAWF cells greatly suppressed colony formation in the spleen of recipients. The participation of interferon, colony-stimulating factor and the virus itself in the process of the modulation of colony formation is discussed.

[The incidence of detecting antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in different population groups in the USSR]. / Chastota vyiavleniia antitel k virusu gepatita C u razlichnykh grupp naseleniia SSSR.

Markedly unequal distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among blood donors in different regions of the USSR was established. The necessity of introduction into the blood service of regular donor blood screening for anti-C100-3 is substantiated. The portion of chronic hepatitis associated with HCV in the structure of chronic virus hepatitis was established. The results of the study indicate the expedience of specific virus hepatitis C prophylaxis in contingents of high risk of HCV infection.

[The immunomodulating action of the surface antigens of the influenza A virus in experimental staphylococcal infection]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie poverkhnostnykh antigenov virusa grippa A pri éksperimental'noi stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

The results of the study of influenza A virus surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, in the induction of nonspecific immunomodulation and protection from acute pulmonary staphylococcal infection have been studied. Protective effect, the cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid depend on the serological subtypes of surface antigens used for intranasal immunization and the infective dose of staphylococci.

Correlation of amino acid residues in the M1 and M2 proteins of influenza virus with high yielding properties.

The ability of influenza A viruses to replicate to high titer in the allantoic sac of the chicken embryo has been mapped to the matrix protein gene (RNA 7). Because influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus grows poorly in this host but contains a matrix protein gene with a sequence similar to sequences from viruses that grow well in eggs, we derived a single gene reassortant containing only the M gene from A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in a background of the other 7 RNA segments from A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2) (a low yielding virus, hy-). This reassortant replicated 10 times better than the A/WSN parent itself, indicating that the high yielding (hy+) phenotype of the A/WSN/33 M gene may be suppressed by one of the other genes of A/WSN/33. Comparison of M gene sequences between hy+ (including A/WSN/33) and hy- strains allowed us to correlate specific amino acid positions in M1 and M2 proteins with the growth properties of influenza viruses.

[The role of food hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of protracted forms of intestinal infections in infants]. / Rol' pishchevoi sensibilizatsii v patogeneze zatiazhnykh form kishechnykh infektsii u detei rannego vozrasta.

Sensitization with food antigens and the status of the general and local immunological systems were examined in 31 children suffering from lingering intestinal infections which may be related to body sensitization with food antigens. The children of the first year of live manifested sensitization to cow's milk proteins most frequently, particularly to alpha-lactablumin and beta-lactoglobulin. The main criteria for laboratory diagnosis of food sensitization were blood eosinophilia, the presence of eosinophils in the feces, the presence of antibodies to food antigens, blood hypo- and dysimmunoglobulinemia. The treatment of lingering intestinal infections requires the use of etiotropic drug therapy, hypoallergenic dietetic management bearing in mind individual food intolerance, and the use of antihistaminic drugs.

[The role of cellular and humoral factors of body resistance in the development of experimental influenza-staphylococcal infections in mice]. / Rol' kletochnykh i gumoral'nykh faktorov rezistentnosti organizma v razvitii éksperimental'noi grippozno-stafilokokkovoi infektsii u myshei.

The clinico-experimental studies of mixed influenza-staphylococcal infection constantly point to the development of the aggravation of the infectious process due to the synergic action of the bacterial and viral infective agents. But, as shown by the authors of the present work, in those cases when the experimental infection with the virus was preceded by staphylococcal infection by 72 hours no synergism was observed. In cases of infection with adaptogenic virus the mortality rate of mice resulting from meningococcal infection was twice as low. The possible explanation of this fact is discussed.

Microecology and local immune and nonspecific defensive proteins depending on different nutrition.

Breast-feeding is of high importance for the development of intestinal eubiosis. Before beginning with breast-feeding the coprofiltrates of newborns lack of IgA. Following the first feeding IgA concentration in the faeces sharply increases (up to 200 mg/100 g faeces). Comparable high values can be found in the coprofiltrates of breast-fed sick prematures. In the coprofiltrates of artificially fed healthy newborns and sick prematures no IgA is provable, within the first two weeks of age. Afterwards both the frequency of its evidence and its concentration gradually rise. This can be regarded as a sign of an increasing local production of immune proteins. Starting with the second year of life, only, the values of all the immunoglobulins fall again. It happens a microbial degradation. Increased concentrations of immunoglobulins in the coprofiltrates of children over 3 years must be evaluated as a sign of subclinical dysbacteriosis.

Microecology of the gastrointestinal tract and the immunological status under food allergy.

In children suffering from food allergy the microecology of the gut and the immune status were examined. As a rule, sensitization due to the penetration of the epithelial barrier of the intestinum by macromolecules of the food is not accompanied by deficiency of secretory IgA. In all cases dysbacteriosis of different degree was observed with a characteristic picture of deficiency of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli combined with rising numbers of Enterobacteriaceae. Correlations to an altered immune response are obvious.

[Mechanism of the cellular transformation of newborn hamsters inoculated with herpes simplex type 2 virus]. / Izuchenie mekhanizma transformatsii kletok novorozhdennogo khomiachka, inokulirovannykh virusom prostogo gerpesa tipa 2.

Combined virological, antigenic, electron microscopic, and molecular biologic study of the role of an oncovirus, herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2), in the mechanisms of transformation of HSV-2-infected hamster cells was carried out. No expression of genetic information of the oncovirus could be detected. Cell transformation was shown to be associated with persistence and realization of HSV-2 genetic information in the transformed cells.

[General and local humoral immunity and intestinal microflora in children with skin manifestations of food allergy]. / Kharakteristika obshchei i lokal'noi gumoral'noi immunologicheskoi sistemy i kishechnogo mikrobiotsenoza u detei s kozhnymi proiavleniiami pishchevoi allergii.

The authors describe the results of studies into the common and local humoral immunological system in 60 children under one year of age suffering from atopic dermatitis of varying severity. The passive hemagglutination test with the use of a kit of erythrocytic diagnosticums devised at the Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, was used to study the degree of the child's body sensitization with cow's milk antigens and the content of IgG, IgM and IgA in the blood and that of secretory IgA in coprofiltrates. Polyvalent sensitization of the body with food antigens was found in 50% of the children examined to reveal an interplay between the degree of sensitization with the severity of the pathological process. It was demonstrated that penetration of food antigens through the epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal tract was not related to the deficiency of the secretory IgA, since this class of immune proteins was detectable in the coprofiltrates from all the children. Besides, the content of these proteins was not reduced during the severe form of the disease. In this case, the intestine of all the children examined showed dysbacteriosis which needed correction. The blood serum manifested a decrease in the level of IgM and IgG which was more pronounced in the patients with a severe disease course.

[Action of human leukocyte interferon on poliomyelitis virus reproduction in resistant MIO(r) cells]. / Deistvie chelovecheskogo leikotsitarnogo interferona na reproduktsiiu virusa poliomielita v rezistentnykh kletkakh MIO(r).

The effect of human leukocyte interferon on reproduction of poliomyelitis virus in MIO cells resistant to this virus (MIOr) and sensitive MIO cells was studied. Interferon was shown to exert a short-time protective effect in the sensitive cells and to induce virus reproduction in the resistant cells. It is suggested that poliomyelitis virus reproduction in the resistant cells is due to activation of lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D, in this system.

[Formation of a local IgA system in the intestines of infants in the 1st weeks of life]. / K voprosu o formirovanii lokal'noi sistemy IgA v kishechnike detei pervykh nedel' zhizni.

Formation of the IgA passive and active system in the gastrointestinal tract of children of the first weeks of life was studied on the basis of determining the IgA content in coprofiltrates and the level of immunoglobulins in the breast milk. The predominant class of immunoglobulins contained by the breast milk during the first lactation week involved IgA that was present in considerable concentrations. The IgA level in the milk declined by the end of the first week. Before giving babies the breast, their coprofiltrates did not show IgA. Afterwards its concentration grew intensively in infants fed native breast milk and lowered gradually by one month and a half to two months of age. IgA was not detectable in coprofiltrates of infants of the first two weeks of life fed pasteurized breast milk. With age the frequency of detection increased, however, even during the second month of life IgA was not detectable in all the cases, its concentration being three times less as compared to that in breast fed children of the same age.

[Functional state of the immunological system and of the gastrointestinal tract in children with a food allergy]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie immunologicheskoi sistemy i zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u detei pri pishchevoi allergii.

A group of 37 children suffering from bronchial asthma of an atopic and combined genesis and also from allergy attended by skin manifestations have been examined. The general immunologic system has been shown to be strongly imbalanced which manifested in hypo-, hyper- or dysimmunoglobulinemia and in IgE accumulation by the blood. Most of the children showed increased permeability of the epithelial barrier of the intestine by food antigens, that was associated with appearance in the blood of agglutinating antibodies to food proteins. In addition, most of the children had dyskinesia of the biliary tract and intestine as well as altered microecology of the gastrointestinal tract.