RESUMO
To further facilitate the discovery of cysteine reactive covalent inhibitors, there is a need to develop new reactive groups beyond the traditional acrylamide-type warheads. Herein we describe the design and synthesis of covalent EGFR inhibitors that use vinylpyridine as the reactive group. Structure-based design identified the quinazoline-containing vinylpyridine 6 as a starting point. Further modifications focused on reducing reactivity resulted in substituted vinyl compound 12, which shows high EGFR potency and good kinase selectivity, as well as significantly reduced reactivity compared to the starting compound 6, confirming that vinylpyridines can be applied as an alternative cysteine reactive warhead with tunable reactivity.
RESUMO
Herein, we report the identification and optimization of a series of potent inhibitors of EGFR Exon20 insertions with significant selectivity over wild-type EGFR. A strategically designed HTS campaign, multiple iterations of structure-based drug design (SBDD), and tactical linker replacement led to a potent and wild-type selective series of molecules and ultimately the discovery of 36. Compound 36 is a potent and selective inhibitor of EGFR Exon20 insertions and has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in NSCLC EGFR CRISPR-engineered H2073 xenografts that carry an SVD Exon20 insertion and reduced efficacy in a H2073 wild-type EGFR xenograft model compared to CLN-081 (5), indicating that 36 may have lower EGFR wild-type associated toxicity.
Assuntos
Receptores ErbB , Éxons , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Humanos , Animais , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Descoberta de Drogas , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutagênese Insercional , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , MutaçãoRESUMO
Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have achieved regulatory approval in oncology for homologous recombination repair deficient tumors including BRCA mutation. However, some have failed in combination with first-line chemotherapies, usually due to overlapping hematological toxicities. Currently approved PARP inhibitors lack selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2 and some other 16 PARP family members, and we hypothesized that this could contribute to toxicity. Recent literature has demonstrated that PARP1 inhibition and PARP1-DNA trapping are key for driving efficacy in a BRCA mutant background. Herein, we describe the structure- and property-based design of 25 (AZD5305), a potent and selective PARP1 inhibitor and PARP1-DNA trapper with excellent in vivo efficacy in a BRCA mutant HBCx-17 PDX model. Compound 25 is highly selective for PARP1 over other PARP family members, with good secondary pharmacology and physicochemical properties and excellent pharmacokinetics in preclinical species, with reduced effects on human bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro.
Assuntos
DNA , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1 , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Humanos , Cristalografia por Raios X , DNA/química , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/química , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) harboring activating mutations is a clinically validated target in non-small-cell lung cancer, and a number of inhibitors of the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain, including osimertinib, have been approved for clinical use. Resistance to these therapies has emerged due to a variety of molecular events including the C797S mutation which renders third-generation C797-targeting covalent EGFR inhibitors considerably less potent against the target due to the loss of the key covalent-bond-forming residue. We describe the medicinal chemistry optimization of a biochemically potent but modestly cell-active, reversible EGFR inhibitor starting point with sub-optimal physicochemical properties. These studies culminated in the identification of compound 12 that showed improved cell potency, oral exposure, and in vivo activity in clinically relevant EGFR-mutant-driven disease models, including an Exon19 deletion/T790M/C797S triple-mutant mouse xenograft model.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Organofosforados/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos SCID , Mutação , Compostos Organofosforados/síntese química , Compostos Organofosforados/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Methods to measure cellular target engagement are increasingly being used in early drug discovery. The Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) is one such method. CETSA can investigate target engagement by measuring changes in protein thermal stability upon compound binding within the intracellular environment. It can be performed in high-throughput, microplate-based formats to enable broader application to early drug discovery campaigns, though high-throughput forms of CETSA have only been reported for a limited number of targets. CETSA offers the advantage of investigating the target of interest in its physiological environment and native state, but it is not clear yet how well this technology correlates to more established and conventional cellular and biochemical approaches widely used in drug discovery. We report two novel high-throughput CETSA (CETSA HT) assays for B-Raf and PARP1, demonstrating the application of this technology to additional targets. By performing comparative analyses with other assays, we show that CETSA HT correlates well with other screening technologies and can be applied throughout various stages of hit identification and lead optimization. Our results support the use of CETSA HT as a broadly applicable and valuable methodology to help drive drug discovery campaigns to molecules that engage the intended target in cells.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Temperatura , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/metabolismoRESUMO
EGFR exon 20 insertions (Ex20Ins) account for 4% to 10% of EGFR activating mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR Ex20Ins tumors are generally unresponsive to first- and second-generation EGFR inhibitors, and current standard of care for NSCLC patients with EGFR Ex20Ins is conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of an EGFR TKI that can more effectively target NSCLC with EGFR Ex20Ins mutations represents a major advance for this patient subset. Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR TKI approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR T790M; however, the activity of osimertinib in EGFR Ex20Ins NSCLC has yet to be fully assessed. Using CRISPR-Cas 9 engineered cell lines carrying the most prevalent Ex20Ins mutations, namely Ex20Ins D770_N771InsSVD (22%) or Ex20Ins V769_D770InsASV (17%), and a series of patient-derived xenografts, we have characterized osimertinib and AZ5104 (a circulating metabolite of osimertinib) activities against NSCLC harboring Ex20Ins. We report that osimertinib and AZ5104 inhibit signaling pathways and cellular growth in Ex20Ins mutant cell lines in vitro and demonstrate sustained tumor growth inhibition of EGFR-mutant tumor xenograft harboring the most prevalent Ex20Ins in vivo The antitumor activity of osimertinib and AZ5104 in NSCLC harboring EGFR Ex20Ins is further described herein using a series of patient-derived xenograft models. Together these data support clinical testing of osimertinib in patients with EGFR Ex20Ins NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 885-96. ©2018 AACR.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Acrilamidas , Compostos de Anilina , Animais , Células COS , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Chlorocebus aethiops , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores ErbB/genética , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos SCID , Mutação , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodosRESUMO
A novel series of covalent inhibitors of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) kinase was discovered through a combination of subset screening and structure-based design. These compounds preferentially inhibit mutant forms of EGFR (activating mutant and T790M mutant) over wild-type EGFR in cellular assays measuring EGFR autophosphorylation and proliferation, suggesting an improved therapeutic index in non-small cell lung cancer patients would be achievable relative to established EGFR inhibitors. We describe our design approaches, resulting in the identification of the lead compound 5, and our efforts to develop an understanding of the structure-activity relationships within this series. In addition, strategies to overcome challenges around metabolic stability and aqueous solubility are discussed. Despite limitations in its physical properties, 5 is orally bioavailable in mice and demonstrates pronounced antitumor activity in in vivo models of mutant EGFR-driven cancers.
RESUMO
This study investigated the use of large-scale transiently transfected cryopreserved cells for medium-throughput cellular screening. The data generated indicated that preprepared transiently transfected cryobanks can be used for cell-based assays and in fact can greatly enhance the consistency of data generated by cellular screens. In addition to this, a generic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was designed that introduced a c-Myc tag to four different targets and allowed all four cell assays to be run using a standardized process. These process improvements yielded cost savings and greatly reduced the required resource, as well as reducing timelines for developing cellular assays.
Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/normas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Transfecção , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular Transformada , Criopreservação , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This report describes the implementation of an automated work cell with commercially available hardware and software, capable of handling up to 15 separate reagents for performing 96-well or 384-well assays but with a small footprint and only a single liquid dispenser and two plate washers. Extremely flexible software was used to enable this simple work cell to perform processes that would traditionally require a much larger, more expensive automation platform. With the development of the C-Myc assays for the targets DYRK, BMX, PERK, and FAK, the authors describe a software solution to multibatch assays to run simultaneously, reducing reagent dead volume and increasing the efficiency of running multiple assays such that the time to generate data across multiple targets was significantly shortened. Although a larger automated system with multiple robotic arms and extensive equipment would also be able to process multiple assays simultaneously, the work cell we have described represents an inexpensive and flexible, easily upgradable option suitable for a wider range of labs.