Toward more sustainable photovoltaic solar electrochemical oxidation treatments: Influence of hydraulic and electrical distribution.

Powering electrochemical technologies with renewable energies is a promising way to get more sustainable environmental remediation techniques. However, the operational conditions of those processes must be optimized to undergo fast and efficient treatments. In this work, the influence of electrical and hydraulic connections in the performance of a set of two electrolyzers directly powered by photovoltaic panels was evaluated. Despite both electrolyzers were assembled using the same electrode material, they showed different performances. Results indicate that the electrolyzer with higher ohmic resistance and higher overpotential attained a greater production of oxidant species, being produced under the most efficient strategy around 4.8 and 15.1 mmol of oxidants per Ah by electrolyzer 1 and 2, respectively. Nevertheless, an excess of oxidant production because of an inefficient energy management, led to low removal efficiencies as a consequence of a waste of energy into undesirable reactions. Regarding the hydraulic distribution of wastewater between the cells, it was found to influence on the total remediation attained, being the serial connection 2.5 and 1.8 more efficient than a parallel wastewater distribution under series and parallel electrical strategies, respectively. Regarding electrical strategies, parallel connections maximize the use of power produced by the photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, this allows the system to work under lower current densities, reducing the mass transfer limitations. Considering both advantages, a hydraulic connection of the cells in series and an electrical connection in parallel was found to reach the highest specific removal of pollutant, 2.52 mg clopyralid (Wh)-1. Conversely, the opposite strategy (parallel hydraulic connection-series electrical connection) showed the lowest remediation ratio, 0.48 mg clopyralid (Wh)-1. These results are important to be considered in the design of electrolytic treatments of waste directly powered by photovoltaic panels, because they show the way to optimize the cells stack layout in full-scale applications, exhibiting significant impact on the sustainability of the electrochemical application.

Cryopreservation of Peruvian Paso horse spermatozoa: dimethylacetamide preserved an optimal sperm function compared to dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and glycerol.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectant agents in the cryopreservation of Peruvian Paso horse semen. Twenty semen samples were collected from five Peruvian Paso horse stallions. Each sample was divided into 12 parts to form the groups: dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GLY), at 3%, 4% and 5%. Samples were frozen using a rate-controlled freezer. Sperm parameters evaluated were motility and viability/acrosomal status. After thawing, progressive motility in DMA group was higher (p < .05) than in DMSO, EG and GLY groups. Similarly, viable acrosome-intact spermatozoa were higher (p < .05) using DMA in comparison with DMSO. No differences were found when comparing concentrations for any of the cryoprotectant agents. In conclusion, DMA seems to be a good cryoprotectant agent for the cryopreservation of Peruvian Paso horse stallion semen.

Diseño de un instrumento para medir estigma hacia la tuberculosis

Introducción: La tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema en salud pública con alta carga de la enfermedad. El efecto del estigma en el control de la TBC es desconocido porque se han realizado pocos estudios formales sobre el tema. Objetivo: Desarrollar un instrumento para medir el estigma hacia la TBC. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de evaluación de tecnología diagnóstica, con diseño del instrumento bajo las recomendaciones de Wolfe y Smith, basados en el modelo de análisis Rasch. Resultados: Se diseñó un instrumento con 35 ítems, que presentaron una adecuada comprensión por parte de las personas evaluadas. Conclusiones: El instrumento diseñado contribuirá en la medición de este constructo y en la comprensión de sus efectos en el control de la TBC.

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a public health problem with high burden of disease. The effect of stigma in TB control is unknown because there have been too few formal studies on the subject. Objective: To design an instrument to measure the tuberculosis stigma. Methodology: Study of diagnostic technologies evaluation, aiming at the elaboration of an instrument based on the Rasch- Analysis in accordance with the recommendations of Wolfe and Smith. Results: An instrument has been designed featuring 35 items that had been adequately understood by the persons assessed. Conclusions: The tool designed will contribute to measuring stigma and to understanding its impact on TB control.

Lactancia materna ineficaz: prevalencia y factores asociados / Ineffective Breastfeeding: prevalence and associated factors

Introducción: Es posible evitar muertes neonatales mediante la lactancia materna desde el primer día de vida, pues la leche materna es el alimento óptimo para el lactante por su contenido nutricional necesario favorecer el crecimiento y desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al diagnóstico de enfermería "Lactancia materna ineficaz" en lactantes menores de 6 meses hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron 108 binomios (madre e hijo) hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de atención en el año 2009, se aplicó un formato validado para identificar el diagnóstico. Se realizó análisis Rasch a las variables que representan las características definitorias del diagnóstico, con el cual se creó una escala de 0 a 100 y se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal con las variables asociadas a la medida del diagnóstico. Resultados: la prevalencia del diagnóstico fue de 93,5 %, la característica definitoria más fácil de encontrar fue Incapacidad del lactante para agarrarse al pecho materno y la más difícil fue agitación y llanto del lactante dentro de la primera hora después de la lactancia materna. La regresión lineal mostró factores asociados como: género femenino, peso del lactante y necesidad de la madre de ir a orinar. Conclusión: Existe una tendencia desfavorable tanto en la prevalencia como en la duración de la lactancia materna para los lactantes hospitalizados; la promoción de la lactancia materna debe ser un trabajo interdisciplinario; modificar las normas hospitalarias favoreciendo el contacto del binomio y la puesta temprana al pecho materno. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (3): 271-279.

Introduction: neonatal deaths can be prevented by breastfeeding from the first day of life, as is the optimal food for infants by their nutritional content required for better growth and development. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors with nursing diagnosis "ineffective breastfeeding" in infants under than 6 months hospitalized in a tertiary institution. Methodology: Cross sectional study. We selected 108 pairs (mother and child) hospitalized in an institution of tertiary care in 2009, we applied a validated format to identify the diagnosis. Rasch analysis was performed for variables that represent the defining characteristics of the diagnosis, which created a scale of 0 to 100 and built a linear regression model the variables associated with the extent of diagnosis. Results: Prevalence of diagnosis was 93,5 %, the defining characteristic was easier to find the infant’s inability to hold on to the breast and the hardest was shaking and crying of the infant within the first hour after breastfeeding. Linear regression was associated factors such as: female gender, weight infant and the mother need to urinate. Conclusion: There is an unfavorable trend in both the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding for infants hospitalized, promotion of breastfeeding should be an interdisciplinary, modify hospital policies favoring the contact of the binomial and the early start to the chest maternal. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (3): 271-279.

Ansiedad dimensional: Un análisis desde la teoría clásica del formulario autodiligenciado de Zung / Dimensional anxiety: An analysis from the classical theory of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale

Introducción: A pesar del uso extendido del formulario de Zung para ansiedad no se encontraron artículos sobre la invarianza de la prueba. Objetivo: Establecer la invarianza por género del formulario para ansiedad autodiligenciado de Zung desde la Teoría Clásica. Métodos: Muestra no aleaotoria de 336 mujeres y 205 hombres estudiantes de varias universidades colombianas que diligenciaron el formulario. El análisis se realizo con análisis confimatorio de factores. Se investigó la invarianza dimensional, de configuración y métrica. Resultados: Se encontró que las invarianzas dimensional y de configuración se cumplen al demostrarse que el constructo es unidimensional en los 2 géneros, seleccionando los modelos con el Criterio de información Bayesiano y que la carga de los ítems es en general alta. No así la invarianza métrica para la cual debieron eliminarse 9 ítems para lograr invarianza en las cargas. Conclusión: El formulario de Zung presenta invarianzas dimensional, de configuración y métrica con 11 ítems. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 159-166.

Introduction: There is not a published report of the invariance of anxiety Zung test, although is widely used. Objective: To stablish gender invariance of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale using Classical Test Theory. Methods: A non random sample of 336 women and 205 men students from several colombian universities that answered the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Dimensional, configurational and metric invariance were investigated. Results: Dimensional and configurational invariance are met because for both genders theres is one dimension, using Bayesian Information Crietria as the model selection strategy, and the loadings are generally high. The metric invariance was obtained after deleting 9 items. Conclusion: Eleven items of The Zung self-rating anxiety scale show dimensional, configurational and metric invariance. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 159-166.

Validación del índice tobillo brazo oscilométrico comparado con eco-doppler arterial de miembros inferiores para enfermedad arterial / Validation of oscillometric measurement of ankle-brachial index compared with arterial lower limb echo-doppler for arterial disease

INTRODUCCIÓN: estudios previos reportan la validación y correspondencia, o ambas, del índice tobillo brazo oscilométrico frente al índice tobillo brazo con Doppler, pero este último no corresponde al patrón de oro. OBJETIVO: determinar la validez de criterio del índice tobillo brazo oscilométrico comparado con la ecografía dúplex arterial de miembros inferiores para detectar enfermedad arterial periférica. METODOLOGÍA: estudio de evaluación de tecnologías diagnósticas realizado por muestreo transversal. De manera consecutiva, se reclutaron 101 personas del Instituto del Corazón de Bucaramanga con mínimo un factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Se midió el índice tobillo brazo oscilométrico con equipo OMRON (marca registrada) M7 HEM 780 y posteriormente se hizo ecografía dúplex arterial de miembros inferiores, esta última patrón de oro; los evaluadores estaban enmascarados. RESULTADOS: las mediciones repetidas de la presión arterial en cada miembro, mostraron una reproducibilidad casi perfecta, pues sus coeficientes de correlación intraclase son superiores a 0,86 y el acuerdo del método fue adecuado más o menos 15 mm Hg, para la mayoría de las mediciones. Según el análisis de la curva ROC, el punto de corte < 1,1 del índice tobillo brazo oscilométrico, cuenta con sensibilidad alta (96,3 porciento), especificidad baja (< 23,81 porciento) y calidad de la sensibilidad moderada (0,67); los puntos de corte inferiores a < 0,9 cursan con especificidad alta (> 90,48 porciento), sensibilidad regular (< 70,37 porciento), valores predictivos positivos, negativos y eficiencia moderados (> 70,37 porciento), razón de probabilidad positiva cercana o superior al ideal (7-10), moderada calidad de la sensibilidad (0,58), sustancial calidad de la especificidad (0,66-0,78) y eficiencia o capacidad discriminatoria (0,62-0,67)...

INTRODUCTION: previous studies reported validation and/or correspondence of ankle-brachial index measured by OMRON (ABIO) versus an ABI measured by Doppler, but the latter is not the gold standard. OBJECTIVE: to determine the criterion validity of ABIO versus arterial duplex ultrasonography of lower extremities (ADULE) in detecting peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS: evaluation study of diagnostic technologies by cross sampling. One hundred one persons with at least one cardiovascular risk factor were recruited consecutively from the Heart Institute in Bucaramanga. The ABIO was measured with the OMRON® HEM 780 equipment, and the ADULE was measured as gold standard; evaluators were blinded. RESULTS: repeated measurements of blood pressure in each extremity showed almost perfect reproducibility, as their correlation coefficients were above 0.86 and the agreement of the method was adequate more or less 15 mm Hg, for most measurements. According to ROC curve analysis, the cutoff for ABIO < 1.1 had high sensitivity (96.3 percentaje), low specificity (< 23.81 percentaje) and moderate quality of sensitivity (0.67); cutoff points lower than 0.9 have high specificity (> 90.48 percentaje), moderate sensibility (<70.37 percentaje), moderate predictive positive and negative values and efficiency (> 70.37 percentage), positive likelihood ratio close to or above the ideal (7-10), moderate quality of sensibility (0.58), substantial quality of specificity (0.66-0.78) and efficiency or discriminatory ability (0.62-0.67)...

[Bilateral radiocarpal dislocation with fracture of the radial styloid. A case report]. / Luxación radiocarpiana bilateral con fractura de estiloides radial. Reporte de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Radiocarpal dislocation is a rare injury and thus the number of cases described is limited. The course of the injury is favorable when the treatment provided is appropriate. CLINICAL CASE: A 21-year-old male patient who sustained radiocarpal dislocation and fracture of the radial styloid process in both wrists. He was treated with closed reduction and external fixation. The evaluation at 3 months showed favorable results. DISCUSSION: This case is one of the few similar cases reported because it is an uncommon pathology and it is even less frequent because the injury involves both wrists.

Feasibility of adequate resectable rectal cancer treatment in a third-level hospital.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, concerning compliance to protocol and recommended clinical practice guidelines, as well as efficacy results of multidisciplinary treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) of resectable rectal cancer in a third-level hospital devoid of radiotherapy and clinical oncology units. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, single-institution analysis was completed for 45 consecutive patients diagnosed with resectable rectal cancer who entered an officially proposed multidisciplinary treatment protocol from October 1998 to September 2003. Adequacy of patient inclusion, according to clinical stage, was reviewed. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy schedule, surgery procedures and adjuvant chemotherapy indication were assessed. All treatment time intervals were analysed. Finally, efficacy results are discussed and contextualised by comparison with results of clinical trials which support this treatment strategy. RESULTS: According to an independent board review, 3 patients (6.7%) with stage I rectal cancer, 31 patients (68.9%) with stage II and 11 patients (24.4%) with stage III rectal cancer were included. Radiotherapy dosage, volume and schedule were as planned. Median time from diagnosis to start of radiotherapy was 26.36 days (24.26- 28.57; CI 95%). Median duration of radiotherapy was 6.00 days (5.56-6.44; CI 95%). Median time from start of radiotherapy to surgery was 15.67 days (14.47-16.87; CI 95%). Median time from completion of radiotherapy to surgery was 10.67 days (9.53-11.81; CI 95%). Most of the patients underwent low anterior resection [23 patients (51.2%)] and abdominoperineal resection [16 patients (35.6%)]. Correlation between clinical and pathologic staging was as expected. Twenty-nine patients (64.4%) of the 45 that were initially included started adjuvant chemotherapy. A statistically significant relationship between pathologic stage (grouped I-II vs. III) and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy was found (p=0.033; chi-square test). Radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-induced toxicity did not differ from that previously reported. With a median follow-up of 65.46 months, a total of 10 recurrences have been diagnosed, all of them in stage III patients. Overall survival rate at five years was 76% for the complete population included. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary treatment of resectable rectal cancer in a third-level hospital is feasible. Although efficacy results are comparable to those previously reported in the literature, further improvements in clinical staging as well as in adjuvant chemotherapy indication are desirable.

Feasibility of adequate resectable rectal cancer treatment in a third-level hospital

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, concerning compliance to protocol and recommended clinical practice guidelines, as well as efficacy results of multidisciplinary treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) of resectable rectal cancer in a third-level hospital devoid of radiotherapy and clinical oncology units. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, single-institution analysis was completed for 45 consecutive patients diagnosed with resectable rectal cancer who entered an officially proposed multidisciplinary treatment protocol from October 1998 to September 2003. Adequacy of patient inclusion, according to clinical stage, was reviewed. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy schedule, surgery procedures and adjuvant chemotherapy indication were assessed. All treatment time intervals were analysed. Finally, efficacy results are discussed and contextualised by comparison with results of clinical trials which support this treatment strategy. RESULTS: According to an independent board review, 3 patients (6.7%) with stage I rectal cancer, 31 patients (68.9%) with stage II and 11 patients (24.4%) with stage III rectal cancer were included. Radiotherapy dosage, volume and schedule were as planned. Median time from diagnosis to start of radiotherapy was 26.36 days (24.26- 28.57; CI 95%). Median duration of radiotherapy was 6.00 days (5.56-6.44; CI 95%). Median time from start of radiotherapy to surgery was 15.67 days (14.47-16.87; CI 95%). Median time from completion of radiotherapy to surgery was 10.67 days (9.53-11.81; CI 95%). Most of the patients underwent low anterior resection [23 patients (51.2%)] and abdominoperineal resection [16 patients (35.6%)]. Correlation between clinical and pathologic staging was as expected. Twenty-nine patients (64.4%) of the 45 that were initially included started adjuvant chemotherapy. A statistically significant relationship between pathologic stage (grouped I-II vs. III) and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy was found (p=0.033; chi-square test). Radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-induced toxicity did not differ from that previously reported. With a median follow-up of 65.46 months, a total of 10 recurrences have been diagnosed, all of them in stage III patients. Overall survival rate at five years was 76% for the complete population included. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary treatment of resectable rectal cancer in a third-level hospital is feasible. Although efficacy results are comparable to those previously reported in the literature, further improvements in clinical staging as well as in adjuvant chemotherapy indication are desirable (AU)

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A single dose of bovine somatotropin 5 days before the end of progestin-based estrous synchronization increases prolificacy in sheep.

Bovine somatotropin (bST) enhances ovarian follicular and embryonic development in sheep and cattle. In the present study, the objective was to assess whether bST given 5 days before the end of progestin-based estrous synchronization improves prolificacy and lambing rate in sheep. Pelibuey ewes (n=92) exhibiting estrous cycles at regular intervals received an intravaginal sponge containing 45mg of FGA for 12 days. Five days before sponge withdrawal, ewes were treated with either 125mg of bST sc (bST group; n=47) or saline solution (control; n=45). After the sponge was removed, ewes were observed for estrus and subsequently mated twice. Lambing rate and prolificacy was determined at birth. Blood samples were taken from the time of treatment until day 15 after estrus in eight ewes from the bST group and nine from the control group. Concentrations of IGF-I were determined by immunoradiometric assay and progesterone by RIA. Treatment with bST increased (P<0.01) the proportion of ewes with more than one lamb (bST, 56% compared with control, 26%) and prolificacy (bST, 1.6 compared with control, 1.3). Treatment with bST increased (P<0.05) the lambing rate of multiparous (bST, 92% compared with control, 67%) but not in ewes at the first time they were mated (bST, 71% compared with control, 87%; P>0.05). IGF-I concentrations were greater (P<0.01) in ewes treated with bST than in control ewes from 2 days after treatment. Progesterone concentrations did not vary (P>0.05) between groups. It is concluded that a single dose of bST 5 days before progestin withdrawal increases lambing rate and prolificacy in sheep. These effects are associated with an increase in circulating concentrations of IGF-I.

Validación de la citología cérvico uterina convencional con prueba de referencia histopatológica en la identificación de cáncer escamocelular invasor / Validation of the cytology in the screening of invading squamous cell carcinoma

Antecedentes: La citología cérvico uterina convencional (CCUC) es la prueba de tamizaje más empleada en la detección del cáncer de cuello uterino, sin embargo su calidad es discutida. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento de la CCUC en el tamizaje de cáncer escamocelular invasor de cuello uterino. Métodos: Fueron seleccionadas 1980 usuarias de la Liga Santandereana de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Siguiendo un muestreo prospectivo se realizó un análisis estadístico para validar la CCUC en el diagnóstico de carcinoma escamocelular invasor utilizando como prueba de referencia el informe histopatológico de biopsia. Fue determinada la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN). Resultados: La CCUC tuvo una sensibilidad de 12 por ciento, una especificidad de 99 por ciento, un VPP de 83,3 por ciento y un VPN de 98,2 por ciento en la identificación de carcinoma escamocelular invasor, en una población con una prevalencia de la enfermedad de 2 por ciento. Conclusiones: En este estudio se encontró que la CCUC tuvo unos parámetros de evaluación similares a los patrones internacionalmente definidos. Su baja sensibilidad da a entender que no es un método de tamizaje, por lo cual es recomendable la mejora de los criterios empleados en su interpretación para aumentar este parámetro, así como hacer énfasis en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías que permitan un mejor tamizaje y diagnóstico de esta patología, que al igual que la citología convencional ofrezcan su servicio a bajos costos y con facilidad en su implementación.

Enfoque clínico y diagnóstico del absceso hepático / A diagnostic approach to hepatic abscess

Background: The non invasive diagnosis of amebic liver abscess allows the use of empirical therapy without the requirement of invasive diagnostic procedures. Aim: To determine the discriminatory capacity of clinical, laboratory and ultrasound studies for the etiological diagnosis of liver abscess. Patients and methods: Sixty one patients were initially included in this prospective study, but 12 did not comply with the inclusion criteria. Of the rest, 29 (59%) had an amebic liver abscess, 16 (33%) had a pyogenic liver abscess and four (8%) had an abscess of mixed etiology. Blood cultures were done in 42 patients. Ultrasound guided needle aspiration was done in 7 patients with amebic liver abscess and 13 patients with non amebic liver abscess. Results: The clinical picture and ultrasound fndings were similar in all types of amebic abscess. ELISA test for IgG anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies were positive in 100% of patients with amebic liver abscess. Antibodies measured by gel diffusion were positive in 93%. All patients with mixed liver abscess had positive antibodies and some of them positive culture. Blood cultures were positive for anaerobic bacteria in five patients. Cultures of aspirated material were positive in 7 patients (obligate anaerobic bacteria in 3 and facultative anaerobic bacteria in the rest). The most common complications, whatever the etiology, were right pleural effusion and systemic inflammatory response. Conclusions: A final model of binomial regression analysis revealed that age under 40 years, an hematocrit greater than 35% and an elevation in prothrombin time of less than 1.5 seconds had enough discriminatory capacity for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1411-20).

[Cesarean section: intraoperative blood loss and its restitution]. / Cesárea: pérdida hemática transoperatoria y su recuperación.

Prospective and comparative study performed during 1997-1998. 1) PURPOSE: To estimate the blood lost trans-surgery. 2) To evaluate, with and without ferrotherapy, the hematic recovery degree, through the puerperium. Fifty women were involved, with a full, single and normal pregnancy to whom, in order to perform elective cesarean sections, underwent blocking epidural. We practiced a sequential determination of hemoglobin in all of them, through their staying hospitalized and during their puerperal control. The puerperas that left the hospital with hemoglobin under 11 g/dl, received oral ferroteraphy. The red formula outcomes were evaluated using percentage and descriptive statistics. The hemoglobin average displayed in g/dl were: a) Preoperative: 11.78, b) Postoperative: 10.39, c) At left hospital: 10.34, d) At 10 postoperative day: 11.72 and e) At 40 postoperative day: 12.86. The difference between preoperative and postoperative determinations, allow us to esteem, the trans-surgical blood average lost and his recuperation degree through the puerperium.

Utilizacion de los Hidratos de Carbono en la Identificacion de Mycobacteria de Crecimiento Rapido / Utilization of Carbohidrates in the identification of Mycobacterium of Rapid Growth

Se realizo un estudio para evaluar la prueba de los hidratos de carbono en la identificacion de microorganismos del genero Mycobacterium de crecimiento rapido. Se encontro que este tipo de pruebas puede ser facilmente utilizable estandarizando el procedimiento mediante el cultivo sobre el medio de Tsukamura adicionado del hidrato de carbono correspondiente usando como indicador de pH, el indicador de Andrade, una temperatura de incubacion de 37 grados C. y un inoculo de 0,2 ml de una suspension de aproximadamente 1 g de masa bacilar por ml

Viabilidad del M. tuberculosis expuesto al fosfato trisodico en medio de Ogawa-Kudoh a temperatura ambiente / Viability of the M. tuberculosis exposed to trisodic phosphate in Ogawa-Kudoh media at room temperature

Se practico un estudio en donde se demostro que la viabilidad del M. Tuberculosis en esputo no resulta afectada por la adicion de fosfato trosodico (FTS) al 10% en partes iguales, al ser utilizado como decontaminante hasta por 48 horas y mantenido a temperatura ambiente; tampoco disminuyo dicha viabilidad despues de sembrar el esputo en medio de Ogawa-Kudoh (O-K) y mantenerlo a temperatura ambiente (20+ o - 2 grados C) durante un mes

Resistencia de M. Tuberculosis a las drogas / M. Tuberculosis drug resistance

Se estudian y analizan retrospectivamente los resultados de las pruebas de sensibilidad de M. Tuberculosis a diferentes drogas antituberculosas, realizadas en el Instituto Nacional de Salud, durante un periodo de 11 anos (1970-1980). Fue posible demostrar: 1. Un notorio aumento de la resistencia a la INH y Tb1, que se estabiliza desde 1975 hasta la fecha. 2. La resistencia a la RMP evidencia un preocupante incremento. 3. Las drogas restantes SM, PAS, TRE y CS presentan una disminucion considerable de la resistencia