Effect of high-velocity and traditional resistance exercise on serum antioxidants and inflammation biomarkers in older women: A randomized crossover trial.

INTRODUCTION: Contrary to the production of oxidant and inflammation biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes decrease with age and the adaptive response to oxidative stress is reduced. The effects of the different resistance exercise protocols to attenuate these conditions are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE: We compared the acute effects of traditional resistance exercise (TRE) and high velocity RE (HVRE) on inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant activity in elderly women. METHODS: Fourteen elderly women (67 ± 7 years) were randomly assigned to TRE or HVRE. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory markers and antioxidant enzymes at three time-points (pre-exercise, post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise). RESULTS: TRE and HVRE induced acute reductions over time on tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble receptor of IL-6 (sIL-6R), as well in catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant levels without differences between groups. In addition, TRE and HVRE groups displayed acute increments in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-10/IL-6 ratio over time, while the HVRE protocol displayed higher IL-10 values post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise time points as compared with TRE. Based on magnitude based inference, subjects from the HVRE group demonstrated superior responsiveness for IL-6 and IL-10 as compared with the TRE group. All participants from the HVRE group displayed a minimal clinical important difference on IL-10 levels as compared to only two persons from the TRE group. CONCLUSION: Both RE protocols were capable of positive changes in inflammatory and antioxidant status in elderly subjects, but HVRE demonstrated a superior response on IL-10. The HVRE may be incorporated to exercise recommendation in this population.

Comparison of the acute effects of traditional versus high velocity resistance training on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional resistance training (RT) versus high velocity RT (HVRT) on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women. METHODS: Fifteen elderly women (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.1±6.9 years) classified as having hypertension stage 1 or 2 were randomly allocated to complete traditional RT or HVRT; 1 week later, subjects allocated to RT completed the HVRT session and vice-versa. Heart rate, blood pressure, affective response, perceived effort, and blood samples analyzing lactate, nitrate, nitrite, oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) collected before and after training sessions were assessed. Nutritional counseling was provided regarding nutrients that could affect cardiovascular and nitrate/nitrite analysis. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 30 minutes after sessions. Diastolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and heart rate were not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 45 minutes after sessions. Nitric oxide was significantly higher (p<0.0005) for HVRT compared to RT after 30 minutes of exercise. TBARS and TEAC were significantly higher (p<0.05) for HVRT compared with RT only immediately after exercise. There were no differences for psychophysiological variables between protocols. CONCLUSION: The acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses, including oxidative stress, are transient and within normal values. Taken together with the positive affective responses, both HVRT and RT with this intensity and volume seem to be safe for elderly hypertensive women under medication.

Resistance training-induced gains in muscle strength, body composition, and functional capacity are attenuated in elderly women with sarcopenic obesity.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of resistance training (RT) on body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacity in elderly women with and without sarcopenic obesity (SO). METHODS: A total of 49 women (aged ≥60 years) were divided in two groups: without SO (non-SO, n=41) and with SO (n=8). Both groups performed a periodized RT program consisting of two weekly sessions for 16 weeks. All measures were assessed at baseline and postintervention, including anthropometry and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength (one repetition maximum) for chest press and 45° leg press, and functional capacity (stand up, elbow flexion, timed "up and go"). RESULTS: After the intervention, only the non-SO group presented significant reductions in percentage body fat (-2.2%; P=0.006), waist circumference (-2.7%; P=0.01), waist-to-hip ratio (-2.3; P=0.02), and neck circumference (-1.8%; P=0.03) as compared with baseline. Muscle strength in the chest press and biceps curl increased in non-SO only (12.9% and 11.3%, respectively), while 45° leg press strength increased in non-SO (50.3%) and SO (40.5%) as compared with baseline. Performance in the chair stand up and timed "up and go" improved in non-SO only (21.4% and -8.4%, respectively), whereas elbow flexion performance increased in non-SO (23.8%) and SO (21.4%). Effect sizes for motor tests were of higher magnitude in the non-SO group, and in general, considered "moderate" compared to "trivial" in the SO group. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that adaptations induced by 16 weeks of RT are attenuated in elderly woman with SO, compromising improvements in adiposity indices and gains in muscle strength and functional capacity.

Hipotensão pós-exercício após uma sessão de exercícios físicos em idosas normotensas e hipertensas / Post-exercise hypotension after a physical exercise session on normotensive and hypertensive elderly women

Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos hipotensivos após uma sessão de exercício físico em idosas normotensas e hipertensas. Metodologia: Quinze idosas praticantes de exercício físico foram divididas em dois grupos, grupo normotenso (GN, n = 7; idade: 73,2±9,7 anos) e grupo hipertenso (GH, n=8; idade: 76,3±6,4 anos), estas controladas por fármacos, realizaram a sessão experimental de 60 minutos. Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram mensuradas em repouso (REP), e depois da sessão experimental nos momentos 15 (R15), 30 (R30), 45 (R45) e 60 (R60) minutos. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi calculada nos mesmos momentos. Resultados: As condições de normotensa ou hipertensa não diferiram os grupos nas variáveis independentes analisadas. Em comparação ao repouso, ocorreu hipotensão na PAS em todos os momentos pós-exercÍcio nos dois grupos. Na PAD, evidenciou-se diminuição estatisticamente significativa nos grupos no R30 em comparação ao R15. Já para a PAM, evidenciou-se hipotensão nos momentos R30, R45 e R60 para os grupos em relação ao REP e houve diminuição da PAM no R30 comparado ao R15. Conclusão: Observou-se efeito hipotensivo após uma sessão de exercício físico em idosas normotensas e hipertensas.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the hypotensive effects after a physical activity routine performed by elderly women who are hypertensive and normotensive. Methods: Fifteen elderly who regularly performphysical activities were divided into two groups: the normotensive group (NG, n = 7; aged: 73, 2 ± 9, 7) and the hypertensive one (HG, n=8; aged: 76, 3 ± 6, 4), this group was controlled by medicine and performed a 60-minute experimental routine. Both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in repose (REP) and every fifteen minutes after the physical routine, (R15), (R30), (R45), and (R60). The mean arterial pressure was figured out at the same sets. Results: The normotensive and hypertensive conditions in both groups did not differ regarding the analyzed independent variables. After the physical activity routine, at every fifteen-minute set there was some hypotension concerning the SBP in both groups. In terms of DBP there was a significant statistical decrease in both groups in R30 in comparison to the R15. Regarding the blood pressure rate there was some hypotension in both groups in the intervals R30, R45 and R60 in relation to the REP and there was some decrease of blood pressure rate in the R30 in comparison to the R15. Conclusion: Some hypotensive effect after the physical activity routine performed by normotensive and hypertensive elderly was noticed.(AU)

Hipotensão pós-exercício após uma sessão de exercícios físicos em idosas normotensas e hipertensas / Post-exercise hypotension after a physical exercise session on normotensive and hypertensive elderly women

Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos hipotensivos após uma sessão de exercício físico em idosas normotensas e hipertensas. Metodologia: Quinze idosas praticantes de exercício físico foram divididas em dois grupos, grupo normotenso (GN, n = 7; idade: 73,2±9,7 anos) e grupo hipertenso (GH, n=8; idade: 76,3±6,4 anos), estas controladas por fármacos, realizaram a sessão experimental de 60 minutos. Pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram mensuradas em repouso (REP), e depois da sessão experimental nos momentos 15 (R15), 30 (R30), 45 (R45) e 60 (R60) minutos. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi calculada nos mesmos momentos. Resultados: As condições de normotensa ou hipertensa não diferiram os grupos nas variáveis independentes analisadas. Em comparação ao repouso, ocorreu hipotensão na PAS em todos os momentos pós-exercÍcio nos dois grupos. Na PAD, evidenciou-se diminuição estatisticamente significativa nos grupos no R30 em comparação ao R15. Já para a PAM, evidenciou-se hipotensão nos momentos R30, R45 e R60 para os grupos em relação ao REP e houve diminuição da PAM no R30 comparado ao R15. Conclusão: Observou-se efeito hipotensivo após uma sessão de exercício físico em idosas normotensas e hipertensas.

Objective: To analyze the hypotensive effects after a physical activity routine performed by elderly women who are hypertensive and normotensive. Methods: Fifteen elderly who regularly performphysical activities were divided into two groups: the normotensive group (NG, n = 7; aged: 73, 2 ± 9, 7) and the hypertensive one (HG, n=8; aged: 76, 3 ± 6, 4), this group was controlled by medicine and performed a 60-minute experimental routine. Both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in repose (REP) and every fifteen minutes after the physical routine, (R15), (R30), (R45), and (R60). The mean arterial pressure was figured out at the same sets. Results: The normotensive and hypertensive conditions in both groups did not differ regarding the analyzed independent variables. After the physical activity routine, at every fifteen-minute set there was some hypotension concerning the SBP in both groups. In terms of DBP there was a significant statistical decrease in both groups in R30 in comparison to the R15. Regarding the blood pressure rate there was some hypotension in both groups in the intervals R30, R45 and R60 in relation to the REP and there was some decrease of blood pressure rate in the R30 in comparison to the R15. Conclusion: Some hypotensive effect after the physical activity routine performed by normotensive and hypertensive elderly was noticed.

Relação da avaliação funcional com indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em adolescentes de Teresina, PI / Relationship between function evaluation and anthropometric indicators of obesity in adolescents, Teresina, Piaui State

Fundamentos: A baixa aptidão aeróbia em crianças e adolescentes está associada a maiores depósitos de gordura corporal e maior risco de doença cardiovascular na idade adulta. O aumento da aptidão aeróbia pode ser um meio para reduzir os riscos das comorbidades relacionadas à obesidade. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da aptidão sobre indicadores de obesidade em adolescentes, na cidade de Teresina (PI). Métodos: Participam do estudo 141 meninos (12,5+-0,5 anos) que foram avaliados quanto a: massa corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), razão cintura-estatura (RCE) e as dobras cutâneas tricipital (DCT) e panturrilha (DCP). A aptidão aeróbia foi avaliada pelo teste de 1600 metros. Resultados: Os adolescentes foram estratificados em três tercis. A aptidão aeróbia foi maior no tercil 1 comparado ao 2 e 3. Os voluntários do tercil 1 e 2 apresentaram menor massa corporal, IMC, CC, RCE, somatório da DCT e DCP, e percen tual de gordura corporal comparado ao 3º tercil. Foram observadas correlações entre aptidão aeróbia e o IMC, CC, RCE e somatório da DCT e DCP. Conclusão: Adolescentes com baixa aptidão aeróbia apresentam maior adiposidade corporal.

Estilo de vida e níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes de Demerval Lobão/PI / Health related lifestyle and physical fitness levels in adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o estilo de vida e níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde em alunos de 14 a 19 anos do ensino médio de uma escola pública na cidade de Demerval Lobão - PI. A amostra foi de 74 (48 meninos e 26 meninas) adolescentes com idade 16,72±1,28 anos. Realizaram-se os testes de sentar e alcançar para avaliar a flexibilidade, força/resistência abdominal e flexão de braços até a exaustão. Determinou-se o percentual de gordura (%MG) pelo protocolo de Lohman. Já o estilo de vida relacionado à saúde, pelo questionário Perfil do Estilo de Vida – PEVI. Dos adolescentes pesquisados, 71,62% têm um estilo de vida relacionado à saúde regular. Quanto ao índice de massa corporal e %MG, respectivamente, 10,8% e 16,2% estavam sobrepesados. As meninas foram inferiores aos meninos na resistência abdominal e flexão de braços, mas superiores a eles na flexibilidade. Concluise que os adolescentes têm um estilo de vida regular, e grande parte dos escolares está dentro da zona saudável. Com exceção da flexibilidade nos meninos, todos os componentes reduziram conforme a adiposidade ascendia.

The aim of this study was to investigate lifestyle and health related physical fitness levels in high school students between 14 to 19 years of a public school in the city if Demerval Lobão - PI. The sample was 74 adolescents (48 boys and 26 girls) aged 16.72±1.28 years. Tests of seat and reach to evaluate the flexibility, abdominal strength/endurance and ground arm flexion to exhaustion were performed. Body fat percentage (%BF) was determined by the protocol of Lohman . Health related lifestyle was determined by the questionnaire Profile of Lifestyle – PEVI. From the evaluated adolescents, 71.62% presented a regular health related lifestyle. Regarding the body mass index and %BF, 10.8% and 16.2% were overweight, respectively. The girls presented inferior results for the abdominal endurance and ground arm flexion as compared with the boys, while boys were inferior to girls for flexibility. It was concluded that adolescents present a regular lifestyle and the most part of the scholars is in the healthy zone. With exception to flexibility in boys, all evaluated components reduced as adiposity increased.