Potential of different species of actinobacteria in the management of Meloidogyne javanica.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are one of the most harmful soil-borne plant pathogens in the world. Actinobacteria are known phytopathogen control agents. The aim of this study was to select soil actinobacteria with control potential against the RKN (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato plants and to determine mechanisms of action. Ten isolates were tested and a significant reduction was observed in the number of M. javanica eggs, and galls 46 days after infestation with the nematode. The results could be explained by the combination of different mechanisms including parasitism and induction of plant defense response. The M. javanica eggs were parasited by all isolates tested. Some isolates reduced the penetration of juveniles into the roots. Other isolates using the split-root method were able to induce systemic defenses in tomato plants. The 4L isolate was selected for analysis of the expression of the plant defense genes TomLoxA, ACCO, PR1, and RBOH1. In plants treated with 4L isolate and M. javanica, there was a significant increase in the number of TomLoxA and ACCO gene transcripts. In plants treated only with M. javanica, only the expression of the RBOH1 and PR1 genes was induced in the first hours after infection. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Streptomyces sp. (1A, 3F, 4L, 6O, 8S, 9T, and 10U), Kribbella sp. (5N), Kitasatospora sp. (2AE), and Lentzea sp. (7P). The efficacy of isolates from the Kitasatospora, Kribbella, and Lentzea genera was reported for the first time, and the efficacy of Streptomyces genus isolates for controlling M. javanica was confirmed. All the isolates tested in this study were efficient against RKN. This study provides the opportunity to investigate bacterial genera that have not yet been explored in the control of M. javanica in tomatoes and other crops.

Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Chemical Properties to Brachiaria decumbens Grass Production Technologies

HIGHLIGHTS Brachiaria decumbens pasture associated with kudzu Pueraria phaseloides legume represents an alternative for higher arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Higher lime doses presented high rates of AMF and improved soil chemical properties (SCP). Higher lime doses were the most influential technological factor than the type of pasture and the N, P, K fertilizer sources on AMF.

Abstract In order to improve the sustainability of livestock systems at Cumaral, Meta, under tropical conditions of Colombia, implementation of different Brachiaria decumbens production technologies can be beneficial for a better soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two pastures type (Factor A): (a) Brachiaria decumbens grass (B1) and Brachiaria decumbens grass associated with kudzu Pueraria phaseloides legume (B2); (b) Factor B: Four lime (CaCO3) doses: L0 = 0 tons ha-1, L1 = 1.1 tons ha-1, L2 = 2.2 tons ha-1 and L3 = 3.3 tons ha-1; and (c) Factor C: three N, P, K fertilizers sources: 100 kg ha-1 Urea, 200 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate (TSP) and 100 kg ha-1 potassium chloride (PCl) on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil chemical properties (SCP). Cluster analysis showed that B2*L3, L2*Urea, TSP, PCl increased the number of AMF spores per g soil and improved soil chemical properties (SCP), as B1*L3*Urea, TSP, PCl, in cluster 1, higher lime doses were the most influential factor, indistinctly pasture type, as N, P, K fertilizer sources showed low effect in cluster conformation. Farmers in the area can implement these B. decumbens technological practices that help improve the sustainability of livestock systems at tropical zones.

BMP15 c.-9C>G promoter sequence variant may contribute to the cause of non-syndromic premature ovarian failure.

BMP15 has drawn particular attention in the pathophysiology of reproduction, as its mutations in mammalian species have been related to different reproductive phenotypes. In humans, BMP15 coding regions have been sequenced in large panels of women with premature ovarian failure (POF), but only some mutations have been definitely validated as causing the phenotype. A functional association between the BMP15 c.-9C>G promoter polymorphism and cause of POF have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the potential functional effect of this sequence variant on specific BMP15 promoter transactivation disturbances. Bioinformatics was used to identify transcription factor binding sites located on the promoter region of BMP15. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to study specific gene expression in ovarian tissue. Luciferase reporter assays were used to establish transactivation disturbances caused by the BMP15 c.-9C>G variant. The c.-9C>G variant was found to modify the PITX1 transcription factor binding site. PITX1 and BMP15 co-expressed in human and mouse ovarian tissue, and PITX1 transactivated both BMP15 promoter versions (-9C and -9G). It was found that the BMP15 c.-9G allele was related to BMP15 increased transcription, supporting c.-9C>G as a causal agent of POF.

Relaciones existentes entre características afectivas, psicosociales y cognitivas de niños y niñas entre los 7 y 11 años de edad, hijos de padres separados y no separados, de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Pereira / Relationships between emotional, psychosocial and cognitive characteristics of children between 7 and 11 years old, children of separated and non-separated parents, of an educational institution in the city of Pereira

Esta investigación tuvo por objeto establecer cuales son las relaciones existentes entre las características psicosociales, cognitivas, afectivas de niños y niñas entre los 7 y 11 años de edad hijos de padres separados y no separados de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Pereira, para ello se aplicó el Test de Bender, la escala de comportamiento pro-social Coprag y una ficha de caracterización. El análisis fue realizado haciendo uso de la herramienta sistematizada SPSS 15.0, para la realización de correlaciones estadísticas.

This study was designed to establish what are the relationships between psychosocial characteristics, cognitive, affective children between 7 and 11 years of age whose parents separated and removed from a school in the city of Pereira, this will Bender test applied, the scale of pro-social behavior and a form COPRAG characterization. The analysis was done using SPSS systematic tool for conducting statistical correlations. The results obtained indicate no significant correlations between the variables measured in children of separated parents and child of separated parents. One of the main conclusions drawn from the results is that after the past some years of separation, both children and parents achieve a restructuring of family dynamics.