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1.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 33(3): 173-179, mayo-jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041983

RESUMO

Introducción. Los autores revisan cómo es la evaluación neuropsicológica de pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia. Se resumen las características fundamentales de las pruebas más útiles y eficaces. Método. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. La muestra tenía un total de 53 sujetos (23 controles y 30 esquizofrénicos según la CIE-10). A los participantes se les pasó la PANSS, el WCST y el test de preferencia manual de Annet. Resultados. Los pacientes esquizofrénicos han tenido un rendimiento significativamente peor en número de errores totales y en la puntuación T, respuestas de nivel conceptual y en las categorías totales completadas del WCST en comparación con el grupo control. Dentro del grupo de esquizofrénicos hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre diestros y no diestros en las variables: número de errores (puntuación total), número de errores (puntuación T), porcentaje total de respuestas perseverativas y de errores perseverativos, respuestas de nivel conceptual (% total y % T). Por el contrario, en el caso de los controles no se han encontrado «p» estadísticamente significativas. Los que tenían más sintomatología positiva son los que cometían un mayor número de errores (correlación de 0,394 para una p=0,042). Conclusiones. Se confirma que los rendimientos en el WCST en esquizofrénicos son peores que en los sanos. Estas diferencias no son debidas a la diferencia en el nivel educacional. Los pacientes esquizofrénicos con patrones de preferencia manual no diestra presentan una mayor tendencia a la perseveración (respuestas perseverativas y errores perseverativos) que en pacientes con preferencia diestra. Para estudiar la relación entre la gravedad de la sintomatología y los rendimientos en el WCST es preciso estudiar muestras más amplias y centrarnos en síntomas individuales de la PANSS. Las limitaciones de este estudio son principalmente la muestra reducida y la no aleatorización del grupo control


Introduction. The authors review the neuropsychological evaluation of schizophrenia diagnosed patients. The fundamental characteristics of the most useful and effective tests are summarized. Method. A study of cases and controls was performed. The sample had a total of 53 subjects (23 controls and 30 schizophrenics according to the ICD-10). The participants were evaluated by PANSS, WCST and the Annett test of manual preference. Results. Schizophrenic patients had a significantly worse performance in number of total errors and T score, conceptual answers and the total completed categories of the WCST in comparison with the group control. There are statistically significant differences in the schizophrenic group between right handed and left-handed subjects in the variables: number of errors (total score), number of errors (T score), total % of perseverative answers and perseverative errors, conceptual answers (total % and % T). On the contrary, no statistically significant «p» values were found in the case of the controls. Those having more positive symptoms are those who commit a greater number of errors (correlation of 0.394 for a p = 0.042). Conclusions.It has been confirmed that performances on the WCST in schizophrenics are worse than in healthy subjects. These differences are not due to the difference in the educational level. Schizophrenic patients with left-handed manual preference patterns have a greater tendency to perservation (perseverative answers and perseverative errors) than right-handed patients. To study the relationship between symptom seriousness and WCST performance, larger samples must be studied and we must focus on individual symptoms of the PANSS. The limitations of this study are mainly the reduced sample and the non-randomization of the control group


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Escalas de Wechsler , Telencéfalo/fisiopatologia , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
2.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 33(3): 173-9, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15918085

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The authors review the neuropsychological evaluation of schizophrenia diagnosed patients. The fundamental characteristics of the most useful and effective tests are summarized. METHOD: A study of cases and controls was performed. The sample had a total of 53 subjects (23 controls and 30 schizophrenics according to the ICD-10). The participants were evaluated by PANSS, WCST and the Annett test of manual preference. RESULTS: Schizophrenic patients had a significantly worse performance in number of total errors and T score, conceptual answers and the total completed categories of the WCST in comparison with the group control. There are statistically significant differences in the schizophrenic group between right handed and left-handed subjects in the variables: number of errors (total score), number of errors (T score), total % of perseverative answers and perseverative errors, conceptual answers (total% and %T). On the contrary, no statistically significant<

>values were found in the case of the controls. Those having more positive symptoms are those who commit a greater number of errors (correlation of 0.394 for a p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: It has been confirmed that performances on the WCST in schizophrenics are worse than in healthy subjects. These differences are not due to the difference in the educational level. Schizophrenic patients with left-handed manual preference patterns have a greater tendency to perservation (perseverative answers and perseverative errors) than right-handed patients. To study the relationship between symptom seriousness and WCST performance, larger samples must be studied and we must focus on individual symptoms of the PANSS. The limitations of this study are mainly the reduced sample and the non-randomization of the control group.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Escalas de Wechsler , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
3.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 31(1): 40-7, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12590372

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Up to 45% of bipolar patients fail to respond adequately to or do not tolerate treatment with standard antimanics (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, or olanzapine). Several new potential normothymic and antimanic treatments are under study. However, there is less literature available on new treatments for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, but many youths with manic symptoms are treated with mood stabilizers. Our goal was to review the current literature on alternatives to lithium, valproate and carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children, adolescents and adults, focusing on the potential uses of these drugs in youth. METHODS: In a comprehensive computerized and manual literature search in Medline, we identified articles, abstracts and book chapters describing new treatments for bipolar disorder in children, adolescent, and adults. We also manually searched the abstracts in recent APA, AACAP and ECNP Annual Meetings. RESULTS: There are very few studies on the treatment of youths with bipolar disorder. The strongest evidence of antimanic action in this age group is on lithium, valproate, and recently on olanzapine, and adjunctive risperidone. Evidence on new antiepileptics and other novel treatments is very limited or none. CONCLUSION: More controlled studies on the treatment of children and adolescents with bipolarity are needed. Lithium, valproate, olanzapine and risperidone are probably the drugs with more evidence as antimanic efficacy in children and adolescents, but potential risks and benefits of treatment versus no treatment must be discussed with parents.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Humanos
4.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 31(1): 40-47, ene. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28858

RESUMO

Introducción. Hasta un 45 por ciento de los pacientes con enfermedad bipolar no responde adecuadamente o no tolera el tratamiento con los estabilizadores del humor habituales. Actualmente se encuentran en estudio varios tratamientos potenciales con propiedades normotímicas y antimaníacas. Sin embargo, aún cuando muchos jóvenes con síntomas maníacos son tratados con estabilizadores del humor, hay poca literatura disponible respecto a nuevos tratamientos para la enfermedad bipolar en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la literatura disponible sobre alternativas al litio, valproato y carbamazepina en el tratamiento de la enfermedad bipolar en niños, adolescentes y adultos. Métodos. A través de búsquedas Medline y manuales, identificamos artículos y capítulos que describían nuevos tratamientos para la enfermedad bipolar en niños, adolescentes y adultos. También revisamos manualmente los resúmenes de las reuniones anuales más recientes de la APA, la AACAP y la ECNP. Resultados. Hay muy pocos estudios que se refieran al tratamiento de jóvenes con enfermedad bipolar. Litio, valproato y recientemente olanzapina y risperidona muestran la mayor evidencia de acción antimaníaca en este grupo en estudios abiertos no controlados. La evidencia respecto de nuevos antiepilépticos y otros tratamientos noveles es muy limitada o nula. Conclusiones. Se necesitan más estudios controlados en el tratamiento de niños y adolescentes con enfermedad bipolar. Litio, valproato, olanzapina y risperidona son probablemente los fármacos con más evidencia de eficacia antimaníaca en niños y adolescentes (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Antipsicóticos , Transtorno Bipolar , Anticonvulsivantes
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