Protective effect of carbon dioxide against bacterial peritonitis induced in rats.

BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has been used in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to investigate whether CO(2) pneumoperitoneum might act similarly as an antimicrobial agent in the infected peritoneal cavity. METHODS: Peritonitis was induced in 58 rats by intraabdominal injection of an Escherichia coli inoculum (6 x 105 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml). Control rats were injected with saline solution. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: rat control (RC, n = 15), bacterial inoculation control (BIC, n = 10), bacterial inoculation and laparotomy (BIL, n = 17), and bacterial inoculation and CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (BIP, n = 16). The survival rates and histopathologic changes in the abdominal wall muscles, spleen, liver, intestines, and omentum were evaluated, and the samples were classified as "preserved" or "inflamed" (acute inflammation or tissue regeneration). RESULTS: The survival rates for the four groups were as follows: RC (100%), BIP (75%), BIL (53%), and BIC (30%). With regard to survival rates, statistically significant differences were observed between the following groups: RC and BIC (p = 0.0009), RC and BIL (p = 0.0045), BIP and BIC (p = 0.0332), and RC and BIP (p = 0.0470). No significant differences regarding survival rates were observed between the BIL and BIC groups or between the BIP and BIL groups. With regard to the number of inflamed samples per group, a statistically significant difference was observed between the BIC and RC groups and the BIL and RC groups (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum has a protective effect against bacterial peritonitis induced in rats.

[Comparative analysis between sclera treated with glycerin and sclera treated with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin in the reconstruction of anophthalmic socket: experimental study in rabbits]. / Análise comparativa entre esclera tratada com glicerina e esclera tratada com irradiação gama, álcali e glicerina em reconstrução de cavidade anoftálmica: estudo experimental em coelhos.

PURPOSE: To compare two sclera decontamination methods: treatment with glycerin versus treatment with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin, aiming to detect the clinical and histological alterations in rabbit anophthalmic sockets reconstructed with sclera-involved polymethylmethacrylate spheres. METHODS: Thirty-nine New Zealand-breed rabbits were divided into two groups: group I, whose animals were submitted to enucleation of one eye and reconstruction with a polymethylmethacrylate sphere involved in glycerin-treated sclera; group II, where there was enucleation, and reconstruction performed with a polymethylmethacrylate sphere involved in sclera treated with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin. The two groups were observed at four moments, at 7, 21, 42 and 84 days after surgery. Preset times elapsed, the rabbits were euthanized, sockets were exenterated, the material was processed for embedment in paraffin, cut into 5 microm sections thick and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome techniques. The scleras were submitted to morphometric and semiquantitative analysis. Results were compared by Mann-Whitney's non-parametric test. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of vascularization of the surgical interface pointed out a significative difference in the evaluation done 21 days after the implant (P<0.001), with group II showing greater neovascularization. Comparison of the fibrous capsule thickness displayed a significative difference at moments corresponding to 21 days (P<0.001) and 42 days (P<0.001). At both moments, group II presented a thicker fibrous capsule than group I. Likewise, there was variation in sclera thickness, being thicker in group II, at the 21-day post-implant (P=0.003) moment, and at the 42-day moment (P=0.024), as well. Along the experimental period, when groups were analyzed we could observe statistically significative diminution of vascularization in the surgical interface, in group I, as well as in group II, at the moment of 7, 21, 42 and 84 days. CONCLUSION: When used as coating on the polymethylmethacrylate implant for the reconstruction of rabbit anophthalmic socket, the sclera treated with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin reacted similarly to the traditionally used glycerin-treated sclera. The two treatments induced a similar inflammatory response. The formation of neovessels, thickness of fibrous capsule and of sclera developed differently in the two groups. Nevertheless, they presented similar results at the end of the 84-day observation period. There was no significant difference between the two groups, with regard to sclera preservation.

Análise comparativa entre esclera tratada com glicerina e esclera tratada com irradiação gama, álcali e glicerina em reconstrução de cavidade anoftálmica: estudo experimental em coelhos / Comparative analysis between sclera treated with glycerin and sclera treated with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin in the reconstruction of anophthalmic socket: experimental study in rabbits

OBJETIVO: Comparar dois métodos de descontaminação de escleras: tratamento com glicerina versus tratamento com irradiação gama, álcali e glicerina, visando detectar as alterações clínicas e histológicas em cavidades anoftálmicas de coelhos, reconstruídas com esferas de polimetilmetacrilato envolvidas com esclera. MÉTODOS: Trinta e nove coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididos em 2 grupos: grupo I, cujos animais foram submetidos à enucleação de um olho e reconstrução com esfera de polimetilmetacrilato envolvida em esclera tratada com glicerina; grupo II, quando houve a enucleação e a reconstrução foi feita com esfera de polimetilmetacrilato, envolvida em esclera tratada com irradiação gama, álcali e glicerina. Os 2 grupos foram observados em 4 momentos: 7, 21, 42 e 84 dias após a cirurgia. Decorridos os tempos prefixados, os coelhos foram sacrificados, as órbitas exenteradas, sendo o material processado para emblocamento em parafina, cortado com 5 mm de espessura e corado pelas técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Masson. As escleras foram submetidas à análise morfométrica e semiquantitativa. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa da vascularização da interface cirúrgica apontou diferença significativa na avaliação feita 21 dias após o implante (P<0,001), tendo o grupo II apresentado neovascularização maior. A comparação da espessura da cápsula fibrosa apontou uma diferença significativa nos momentos correspondentes a 21 dias (P<0,001) e 42 dias (P<0,001), sendo que, nestes dois momentos, o grupo II apresentou cápsula fibrosa mais espessa do que o grupo I. Houve também variação na espessura da esclera, sendo mais espessa no grupo II, também nos momentos pós-implante de 21 dias (P=0,003) e 42 dias (P=0,024). Quando os grupos foram analisados ao longo do período de experimentação, observou-se diminuição da vascularização da interface cirúrgica, entre os...

PURPOSE:To compare two sclera decontamination methods: treatment with glycerin versus treatment with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin, aiming to detect the clinical and histological alterations in rabbit anophthalmic sockets reconstructed with sclera-involved polymethylmethacrylate spheres. METHODS:Thirty-nine New Zealand-breed rabbits were divided into two groups: group I, whose animals were submitted to enucleation of one eye and reconstruction with a polymethylmethacrylate sphere involved in glycerin-treated sclera; group II, where there was enucleation, and reconstruction performed with a polymethylmethacrylate sphere involved in sclera treated with gamma irradiation, alkali and glycerin. The two groups were observed at four moments, at 7, 21, 42 and 84 days after surgery. Preset times elapsed, the rabbits were euthanized, sockets were exenterated, the material was processed for embedment in paraffin, cut into 5 æm sections thick and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome techniques. The scleras were submitted to morphometric and semiquantitative analysis. Results were compared by Mann-Whitney's non-parametric test. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of vascularization of the surgical interface pointed out a significative difference in the evaluation done 21 days after the implant (P<0.001), with group II showing greater neovascularization. Comparison of the fibrous capsule thickness displayed a significative difference at moments corresponding to 21 days (P<0.001) and 42 days (P<0.001). At both moments, group II presented a thicker fibrous capsule than group I. Likewise, there was variation in sclera thickness, being thicker in group II, at the 21-day post-implant (P=0.003) moment, and at the 42-day moment (P=0.024), as well. Along the experimental period, when groups were analyzed we could observe statistically significative diminution of vascularization in the surgical interface, in group I, as well as in group...

Tratamento da endometriose induzida cirurgicamente em coelhas pelo Laser de Vapor de Cobre (LVC) / The treatment of endometriosis induced surgically in rabbits using copper vapor laser (CVL)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso do laser de vapor de cobre no tratamento da endometriose cirurgicamente induzida em coelhas.MÉTODOS: 42 coelhas da raça New Zealand foram submetidas à induçäo experimental da endometriose, de acordo com técnica cirúrgica padronizada. Após 30 dias da induçäo, um grupo de 29 animais foi submetido ao tratamento pelo laser de vapor de cobre (LVC) em tempos que variaram de 2, 5, 15, 30 e 60 segundos e, outro grupo de 13 coelhas, serviu como controle, tendo-se realizado apenas a laparotomia, sem que fosse realizado algum tratamento. Após 15 dias da segunda laparotomia realizou-se avaliaçäo histopatológica quanto à presença de endometriose, glândulas e estroma. RESULTADOS: O modelo experimental de induçäo da endometriose foi adequado, com 100 por cento de eficácia. O tratamento com LVC mostrou-se eficiente, com destruiçäo da doença em 31,00 por cento dos casos. Nas coelhas tratadas que ainda tinham a lesäo, houve diminuiçäo em 69,85 por cento na quantidade de glândulas. A destruiçäo do estroma aconteceu em 41,38 por cento dos casos, no grupo laser. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que o LVC é uma ferramenta adequada para o tratamento da endometriose, como o observado em coelhas.

Inbred F344 rats as a biologic model of intra-abdominal sepsis

Aiming to design a biologic model of acute intra-abdominal sepsis for experimental studies, conventional, isogenic rats F344 were infected with the bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli), strain 11775, serotype H7:01:K1. Six hours after inoculation with E. coli, the animals - males and females - showed the following symptoms: piloerection, hyperpnea and decreased motor activity. The lethal dosis (LD50), was 6 x 10(5) CFU/ml, analyzed in 32 males and 32 females. The highest mortality rate was observed on the first 24 hours. Liver dysfunction, common in intra-abdominal sepsis, was evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 168 hours after inoculation, by means of serum enzyme activities. Study of the migration of polymorphonuclear-neutrophil cells (PMN) and mononuclear-macrophage ones (MN) showed a significant increase of PMN in E. coli inoculated males (z > 4.7; P<0.003) and females (z > 6.2; P < 0.0003), when compared to control groups. As for MN cells, there were no differences between inoculated and control groups, in males (z = 2.3; P = 0.0107) and in females (z = 1.8; P = 0.0359) as well. In conclusion, these results show that inbred F344 rats are adequate biologic models for studies of acute, intra-abdominal sepsis

Avaliaçäo da integraçäo de retalho muscular na reconstruçäo esofágica após esofagectomia cervical parcial: estudo experimental em cäes / Evaluation of the integration muscle flap in esophageal reconstruction after partial cervical esophagectomy: experimental study in dogs

Objetivou-se desenvolver com metodologia experimental, um modelo cirúrgico preocupado com a complexidade da técnica, aplicabilidade e tempo de duraçäao, utilizando retalho do músculo esternocefálico para reconstruçäo parcial do esôfago cervical, estudando ainda a integraçäo do retalho através da cicatrizaçäo e circulaçäo. Utilizamos 30 cäes machos com peso médio de 14,37Kg. Após a observaçäo pós-operatória, os aniamis foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quinze cäes para avaliaçäo da circulaçäo e cicatrizaçäo da reparaçäo esofágica. A grande maioria dos cäes (80 por cento) ganhou peso, näo apresentando dificuldade de deglutiçäo, episódios de regurgitaçäo, e endoscopicamente nenhum dos animais demonstrou presença de fístulas e estenoses. A injeçäo com neoprene látex permitiu verificar pequenos ramos arteriais provenientes do retalho muscular e que supriam a regiäo da reconstruçäo. Os achados histológicos demonstraram quadro de atividade inflamatória crônica, em fase remissiva, na maioria dos cäes analisados, caracterizando portanto integraçäo do retalho com o órgäo.

Desempenho reprodutivo de ratos Wistar mantidos em dois sistemas de criaçäo na colônia convencional do Biotério Central da Faculdade de Medicina USP / Breeding performance of Wistar rats bred in two systems at the conventional Animal House of the Faculdade de Medicina-USP

O sistema monogâmico de acasalamento empregado na criaçäo de ratos Wistar do Biotério Central (DTAEP) da Faculdade de Medicina da USP mostrou-se insuficiente para o fornecimento da quantidade de ratos machos requerida pelos laboratórios de investigaçäo médica. No intuito de aumentar a produçäo e, ao mesmo tempo, aproveitar o excesso de fêmeas produzidas, foi introduzido na colônia o sistema de harém cross-fostered. Neste estudo foi analisada, em um período de 17 meses, a performance reprodutiva dos animais criados em cada um dos sistemas utilizados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema monogâmico teve maior produtividade e forneceu os jovens reprodutores para a propagaçäo da colônia. Por outro lado, o harém pode ser dirigido para a produçäo de ratos machos. Concluiu-se que a manutençäo simultânea dos dois sistemas de criaçäo foi adequada para atender tanto às necessidades dos laboratórios quanto à reposiçäo da colônia