Analysis of fatty acid composition revealed differences in the diets of tadpoles of two amphibian species.

The study of the composition of fatty acid markers of tadpoles of cohabiting amphibian species for the first time revealed differences in their diets: the moor frog Rana arvalis prefers bacteria not associated with plant detritus, whereas the diet of the common spadefoot Pelobates fuscus is based on cyanobacteria, green algae, diatoms, and possibly higher plants. Major differences in the fatty acid composition are determined by the difference in the percentage of eicosapentaenoic and myristic acids.

[Surgical risks and their prevention in laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

It was analyzed the treatment results of 3739 patients with chronic and acute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Three groups of predisposing factors were determined in 427 high risk patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in view of these factors and enhancement of approach to dissect gall-bladder decreases the number of intraoperative complications.

[Comparative results of surgical treatment of patients with morbid obesity].

It was performed a comparative analysis of treatment of 62 patients who were operated for morbid obesity. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on kind of surgery: jejunal-iliac intestinal bypass, restrictive operations and combined operations. The complications in early postoperative period were diagnosed in 16.6% of patients after jejunal-iliac intestinal bypass and in 10% of patients after combined operations. Regardless of the kind of surgery there was rapid reduction of the body mass in the first year of observation with gradual increase of weight by an average of 5% in the subsequent period. The highest rate of weight loss by the second year was revealed after combined operations (up to 73.4%). Thus it was 1.1 times more than after jejunal-iliac intestinal bypass and 1.3 times more than after restrictive operations.

100% spin accumulation in non-half-metallic ferromagnet-semiconductor junctions.

We show that the spin polarization of electron density in non-magnetic degenerate semiconductors can achieve 100%. The effect of 100% spin accumulation does not require a half-metallic ferromagnetic contact and can be realized in ferromagnet-semiconductor FM-n(+)-n junctions even at moderate spin selectivity of the FM-n(+) contact when the electrons with spin 'up' are extracted from n semiconductor through the heavily doped n(+) layer into the ferromagnet and the electrons with spin 'down' are accumulated near the n(+)-n interface. We derived a general equation relating spin polarization of the current to that of the electron density in non-magnetic semiconductors. We found that the effect of complete spin polarization is achieved near the n(+)-n interface when the concentration of the spin 'up' electrons tends to zero in this region while the diffusion current of these electrons remains finite.

[Experience of application of intellectual computer technologies in the treatment-and-diagnostic practice].

To improve the screening system, the early pre-clinical diagnosis, the choice of therapeutic tactics and medicaments for treating some diseases about 1800 patients were investigated with the use of up-to-date technologies. The new method allows the physicians optimizing the process of decision making and improving the significant element of demonstration medicine, i.e. the transformation of investigational results into argumentative practical recommendations. The method's precision reached 93%.

High-frequency spin-valve effect in a ferromagnet-semiconductor-ferromagnet structure based on precession of the injected spins.

A new mechanism of magnetoresistance, based on tunneling emission of spin-polarized electrons from ferromagnets (FM) into semiconductors (S) and precession of electron spin in the semiconductor layer under external magnetic field, is described. The FM-S-FM structure is considered, which includes very thin heavily doped (delta-doped) layers at FM-S interfaces. At certain parameters the structure is highly sensitive at room temperature to variations of the field with frequencies up to 100 GHz. The current oscillates with the field, and its relative amplitude is determined only by the spin polarizations of FM-S junctions.

[Neural network model of treatment policy decision in patients with ulcer disease]. / Neirosetevaia model' opredeleniia lechebnoi taktiki u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

Based on neuronetwork computer technologies expert neuronetwork complex Axon was developed providing individual prognosis of ulcer disease and recommendations. The base of this expert system is information data base consisting of two blocks. The first block consists of detailed information about 634 patients with gastric ulcers (GU), the second block - about 417 patients with duodenal ulcers (DU). Control evaluation of the system demonstrated that the coefficient of sensitivity in patients with GU was 0,706 - 0,724, coefficient of specificity - 0,701-0,790. Coefficient of sensitivity in patients with DU was 0,765-0,817, coefficient of specificity - 1,000-0,877. The best neuronetwork evaluation was carried out in 57 new hospitalized patients. In 7 of 10 operated patients indications for surgery were based on combination of prognostic and clinical data. Only 2 (4,3%) of 47 patients demonstrated disagreement of prognostic and clinical data. In comparison of results of complications prognosis with real clinical results in surgical group 7 (70,0%) of 10 patients demonstrated agreement of these data. In 32 (74,4%) of 43 patients treated conservatively prognosis of complications corresponded to real clinical data.

Chaotic domain patterns in periodic inhomogeneous magnetic films.

A study of domain structures in thin inhomogeneous ferromagnetic films is presented. It is shown that smooth and small inhomogeneities in the exchange and anisotropy parameters yield very complex domain structures. We show that the domain walls are fixed near certain inhomogeneities but do not repeat their space distribution. We found that there are metastable chaotic domain patterns in periodic inhomogeneous films. These results are relevant for magnetoresistive devices.

[The use of artificial neuronal networks in the treatment of peptic ulcer]. / Primenenie iskusstvennykh neironnykh setei v lechenii iazvennoi bolezni.

Today the use of artificial neuronic nets (ANN) is the most perspective method in the prediction of clinical course and in the choice of correct therapeutic tactics. The experimental complex "Axon" with the software was created in the hospital that permitted to predict the course if gastric and duodenal ulcers. We introduced the data of 909 patients that contained the anamnesis, results of objective examination and late results of the treatment. These data has become the base for training and formation of ANN similar to the structure of human cerebral cortex. Having received the information about a new patient and using the previous experience of therapy of 909 patients mentioned above the trained ANN gives an accurate information concerning this patient. It is presented in the form of protocol of prognosis of ulcer clinical course, the probability of complication development, the results of conservative and surgical treatment. The protocol includes the conclusion with recommendations on the choice of therapeutic tactics.

[Use of neural network computer technology in the determination of therapeutic strategy in patients with stomach and duodenal ulcer]. / Primenenie neirosetevykh komp'iuternykh tekhnologii v opredelenii lechebnoi taktiki u bol'nykh s iazvennoi bolezn'iu zheludka i dvenadtsatisperstnoi kishki.

The authors present the expert neural network programmed complex "Axon" allowing the prognosis of the course of ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum to be made. On the basis of the prognosis obtained certain medical strategy can be recommended. The neural network in which the data of treatment of 909 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum had been introduced was taken as a basis of the complex. The program is registered in the Russian copyright agency for PC programs, data base and topologies of integrated circuits. The authors consider that the approach proposed will allow the correct medical policy to be chosen which can lead to better results of treatment of patients with ulcer disease and thus the 100 years long contradictions between different specialists in determining medical policy for such category of patients will be overcome.

[The use of minipigs to produce diagnostic sera for the serological identification of bacteria in the genus Morganella]. / Ispol'zovanie mini-svinei v tseliakh polucheniia diagnosticheskikh syvorotok dlia serologicheskoi identifikatsii bakterii roda Morganella.

Mini-pigs of the Svetlogorsk breed were immunized with vaccine prepared from of M. morganii culture; the culture had been grown in a liquid nutrient medium, obtained from casein hydrolysate, in flasks placed in a thermostatically controlled shaker to the phases of exponential growth and cell growth deceleration. O-agglutinating sera thus obtained were specific. The highest antibody level was detected in the serum obtained as the result of the immunization of guinea pigs with the vaccine prepared from the culture on the phase of exponential growth. This serum retained its properties after storage for 9 months. Heterologous antibodies occurred in the sera under study not more frequently than in rabbit sera and practically in the same titers.

Theory of spike spiral waves in a reaction-diffusion system.

We discovered a type of spiral wave solutions in reaction-diffusion systems--spike spiral wave, which significantly differs from the spiral waves observed in the models of FitzHugh-Nagumo type. We present an asymptotic theory of these waves in the Gray-Scott model [Chem. Sci. Eng. 38, 29 (1983)]. We derive the kinematic relations describing the shape of this spiral, and find the dependence of its main parameters on the control parameters. The theory does not rely on the specific features of the Gray-Scott model and thus is expected to be applicable to a broad range of reaction-diffusion systems.

[Physiologic-biochemical features of Morganella under various conditions of cultivation]. / Fiziologo-biokhimicheskie osobennosti Morganell v razlichnykh usloviiakh kul'tivirovaniia.

The parameters of the cultivation process and the content of protein and polysaccharide in M.morganii cells grown under the conditions of submerged cultivation in 2 nutrient media having different composition were studied. The study revealed that the highest values of specific growth rate and the maximum yield of biomass were observed during cultivation under the conditions of medium values of oxygen concentration in the medium (pO2 = 20-30%). The content of protein in bacterial cells was practically independent on the growth phase of the culture, with the exception of cultivation processes in carbohydrate-free media with the use of "old" seed material (48-hours agar culture) when protein content in the cells was higher in the exponential phase. The content of polysaccharide in bacterial cells, its maximum level observed at the exponential phase, considerably dropped at the growth deceleration and stationary phases.

Application of free-flow electrophoresis for isolation and purification of proteins and peptides.

Free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) has been applied to the separation and purification of a variety of proteins and polypeptides: bee venom, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma and superoxide dismutase. FFE at constant pH and conductivity of the carrying buffer is shown to be efficient at various separation schemes. In some cases, the method allows us to obtain proteins with a purity of more than 90% at a productivity of 20-30 mg/h. An electrophoretic apparatus with a new, multi-sectional construction of the electrophoretic chamber and a system for cross-displacement of carrying buffer in the chamber is described.

[The choice of the surgical treatment method in gastric peptic ulcer]. / Vybor metoda khirurgicheskogo lecheniia iazvennoi bolezni zheludka.

Results of treatment of 351 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach have been analyzed. Operations were performed on 235 of them. It has been shown that resection of the stomach should be performed with ablation of the total lesser curvature. The resection volume depends on the spread of dysplastic alterations in the mucosa and can be as large as a subtotal resection. Better immediate and long-term results were obtained after resection of the stomach by the Roux method.

[Temperature oscillation spectrum at biologically active points and changes in them during activation of acupuncture meridians]. / Spektry kolebanii temperatury v biologicheski aktivnykh tochkakh i ikh izmeneniia pri aktivizatsii akupunkturnykh meridianov.

The results of experimental investigations of temperature oscillation spectra in the regions of active biological points when the state of the involved meridians is changed, have been presented. When the meridian is activated, the enhancement of the harmonics with the period 3-4 s has been observed in the spectra. The particular measuring technique and the model of acupuncture meridian are discussed.

[Gastric juice acidity in gastric ulcer]. / Kharakteristika kislotnosti zheludochnogo soka pri iazvennoi bolezni zheludka.

Gastric juice acidity was examined in 131 patients with gastric ulcer. In 31 (23.7%) patients it appeared to be high, in 57 (43.5%)-normal, in 42 (32.8%)-low. In 28.6% cases the pepsin concentration was high, in 26.5%-normal, in 44.9% - low. In elder patients, patients with cardial ulcer, plural and combined ulcers, big size ulcers, long-term ulcer anamnesis the rate of low acidity increases. Among patients with unsatisfactory results of conservative treatment 15.8% had high acidity and 38.7% low acidity. Low acidity is an unfavorable prognostic factor.

[The morphostructural disorders of the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. / Morfostrukturnye narusheniia slizistoi obolochki zheludka pri iazvennoi bolezni.

200 patients with ulcerative disease of the stomach have been examined. It is indicated that 87% of patients showed chronic gastritis, more often with mucosal atrophy. 7.9% of patients revealed isolated dysplasia of various expression degree, in 38.2%--isolated regenerative disturbances, and in 24.3%--associations of dysplasia with regeneration defects. 9.5% of patients showed malignant ulcer (with atrophic and atrophic hyperplastic gastritis--in 13.8% of cases, and with isolated dysplasia--in 41.7%, with isolated regenerative disturbances--in 5.2%, with association of dysplasia and regenerative defects--in 29.7%). To determine resection value one should account extensions morpho-structural alterations in gastric mucosal membrane.