Endothelin-1 down-regulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and contributes to perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) negatively regulates vascular muscle contraction. However, in the context of obesity, the PVAT releases vasoconstrictor substances that detrimentally affect vascular function. A pivotal player in this scenario is the peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1), which induces oxidative stress and disrupts vascular function. The present study postulates that obesity augments ET-1 production in the PVAT, decreases the function of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, further increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, culminating in PVAT dysfunction. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Mice were also treated with saline or a daily dose of 100 mg·kg-1 of the ETA and ETB receptor antagonist Bosentan, for 7 days. Vascular function was evaluated in thoracic aortic rings, with and without PVAT. Mechanistic studies utilized PVAT from all groups and cultured WT-1 mouse brown adipocytes. PVAT from obese mice exhibited increased ET-1 production, increased ECE1 and ETA gene expression, loss of the anticontractile effect, as well as increased ROS production, decreased Nrf2 activity, and downregulated expression of Nrf2-targeted antioxidant genes. PVAT of obese mice also exhibited increased expression of Tyr216-phosphorylated-GSK3ß and KEAP1, but not BACH1 - negative Nrf2 regulators. Bosentan treatment reversed all these effects. Similarly, ET-1 increased ROS generation and decreased Nrf2 activity in brown adipocytes, events mitigated by BQ123 (ETA receptor antagonist). These findings place ET-1 as a major contributor to PVAT dysfunction in obesity and highlight that pharmacological control of ET-1 effects restores PVAT's cardiovascular protective role.

Diving into the proteomic atlas of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.

The COVID-19 pandemic was initiated by the rapid spread of a SARS-CoV-2 strain. Though mainly classified as a respiratory disease, SARS-CoV-2 infects multiple tissues throughout the human body, leading to a wide range of symptoms in patients. To better understand how SARS-CoV-2 affects the proteome from cells with different ontologies, this work generated an infectome atlas of 9 cell models, including cells from brain, blood, digestive system, and adipocyte tissue. Our data shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly trigger dysregulations on proteins related to cellular structure and energy metabolism. Despite these pivotal processes, heterogeneity of infection was also observed, highlighting many proteins and pathways uniquely dysregulated in one cell type or ontological group. These data have been made searchable online via a tool that will permit future submissions of proteomic data ( https://reisdeoliveira.shinyapps.io/Infectome_App/ ) to enrich and expand this knowledgebase.

Survey of coccidia on commercial broiler farms in Colombia: frequency of Eimeria species, anticoccidial sensitivity, and histopathology.

Avian coccidiosis continues to be one of the costliest diseases of commercial poultry. Understanding the epidemiology of Eimeria species in poultry flocks and the resistance profile to common anticoccidials is important to design effective disease prevention and control strategies. This study examined litter samples to estimate the prevalence and distribution of Eimeria species among broiler farms in 4 geographic regions of Colombia. A total of 245 litter samples were collected from 194 broiler farms across representative regions of poultry production between March and August 2019. The litter samples were processed for oocysts enumeration and speciation after sporulation. End-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of Eimeria species. Anticoccidial sensitivity was determined with 160 Ross AP males in 5 treatment groups: noninfected, nonmedicated control (NNC), infected, nonmedicated control (INC), infected salinomycin treated (SAL, dose: 66 ppm), infected diclazuril treated (DIC, dose: 1 ppm), and infected methylbenzocuate-Clopidol treated (MET.CLO, dose: 100 ppm), All birds were orally inoculated with 1 × 106 sporulated oocysts using a 1 mL syringe, except for the NNC- group who received 1ml of water.Eimeria spp. were found in 236 (96.3%) out of 245 individual houses, representing 180 (92.8%) out of 194 farms. Eimeria acervulina was the most prevalent species (35.0%) followed by Eimeria tenella (30.9%), Eimeria maxima (20.4%), and other Eimeria spp. (13.6%). However, mixed species infections were common, with the most prevalent combination being mixtures of E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, and other species in 31.4% of the Eimeria-positive samples. PCR analysis identified E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria mitis, and Eimeria praecox with variable prevalence across farms and regions. Anticoccidial sensitivity testing of strains of Eimeria isolated from 1 region, no treatment difference (P > 0.05) was observed in final weight (BW), weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion (FCR). For the global resistance index (GI) classified SAL and MET.CLO as good efficacy (85.79 and 85.49, respectively) and DIC as limited efficacy (74.52%). These results demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of Eimeria spp. and identifies the current state of sensitivity to commonly used anticoccidials in a region of poultry importance for Colombia.

Metodologías y materiales para el entrenamiento en técnicas quirúrgicas: revisión sistemática / Methodologies and materials for training in surgical techniques: systematic review / Metodologias e materiais para treinamento em técnicas cirúrgicas: uma revisão sistemática

Objetivo: Revisar las metodologías y los materiales utilizados en la enseñanza de técnicas quirúrgicas para personal de la salud, publicados durante los últimos siete años. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed sobre materiales y metodologías utilizados en educación quirúrgica determinando criterios de inclusión y exclusión para filtrar los diferentes artículos. Resultados: Se encontraron 1190 artículos, de los cuales se descartaron 826 por no cumplir con el rango de la revisión sistemática. Se utilizaron 59 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión para la revisión. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento para obtener habilidades en técnicas quirúrgicas a través de la simulación es una oportunidad para estudiantes y maestros de avanzar en el saber y el hacer; se deben acoplar los materiales con el espacio para obtener resultados esperados. La investigación continúa con el fin de encontrar mejores opciones para la adquisición de las destrezas y habilidades quirúrgicas.

Objective: To review the methodologies and materials used in the teaching of surgical techniques for health personnel, which have been published over the last seven years. Methodology: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed database on materials and methodologies used in surgical education, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to filter the different articles. Results: A total of1 190 articles were found, of which 826 were discarded for not meeting the range of the systematic review.59 articles that did meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for the review. Conclusions: Training to obtain skills in surgical techniques through simulation is an opportunity for students and teachers to advance in knowing and doing; materials must be matched with the circumstances to obtain expected results. New research must be carried out in order to find better options for the acquisition of surgical skills and abilities.

Objetivo: Revisar as metodologias e materiais utilizados no ensino de técnicas cirúrgicas para profissionais de saúde, publicados nos últimos sete anos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed sobre materiais e metodologias utilizadas na educação cirúrgica, determinando critérios de inclusão e exclusão para filtrar os diferentes artigos. Resultados: foram encontrados 1190 artigos, dos quais 826 foram descartados por não atenderem à abrangência da revisão sistemática. 59 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram utilizados para a revisão. Conclusões: O treinamento para obtenção de habilidades em técnicas cirúrgicas por meio de simulação é uma oportunidade para alunos e professores avançarem no saber e no fazer; os materiais devem ser combinados com a lacuna para obter os resultados esperados. A pesquisa continua a fim de encontrar melhores opções para a aquisição de habilidades e habilidades cirúrgicas.

Absceso pulmonar con fístula neumocutánea / Pulmonary abscess with pneumocutaneous fistula

Lung abscess is a rare entity in pediatric age, but it generates significant morbidity. Even less frequent is the presence of this with spontaneous drainage to the skin, generating an abscess in the chest wall, reason for consultation, of the present clinical case. Subsequently, the presence of lung abscess with extension to the chest wall without pleural involvement was documented by imaging studies, an extremely rare and unusual entity, with only one case described in the world literature within our reach and in an adult patient.

El absceso pulmonar es una entidad infrecuente en la edad pediátrica, pero que genera una morbilidad importante. Aún menos frecuente es la presencia de este con drenaje espontáneo a piel, generando un absceso en pared torácica, motivo de consulta, del presente caso clínico. Posteriormente y por estudios imagenológicos se documentó la presencia de absceso pulmonar con extensión a pared torácica sin afectación pleural, una entidad extremadamente rara e inusual, con un solo caso descrito en la literatura mundial a nuestro alcance y en un paciente adulto.

Epidemiological survey and risk factor analysis on Eimeria infections in calves and young cattle up to 1 year old in Colombia.

A large-scale cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate prevalence, species diversity, and associated risk factors of Eimeria infections in 55 cattle farms across seven states of Colombia, including subtropical and tropical regions. In total, 1333 fecal samples from young animals (< 1 year of age) were examined at a single sampling date from August 2016 to December 2016. Flotation and McMaster techniques were conducted for parasitological investigation. Excreted Eimeria oocysts were allowed to sporulate in vitro and thereafter identified to species level based on morphological and morphometric characteristics. The overall Eimeria prevalence was 75.5% (1006/1333), with no difference observed between age categories. In total, 13 different Eimeria species were identified. The most prevalent species was E. bovis (33.5%), followed by E. auburnensis (12.5%) and E. zuernii (11.9%). Analysis of extrinsic associated risk factors revealed the floor type, feeding system, watering system, and herd size as significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for Eimeria spp. infections. Based on these data, it can be assumed that bovine coccidiosis infections occur ubiquitously in the country and might play an important role especially in its subclinical form by affecting production parameters in conventional cattle management systems.

Molecular detection of Marek's disease virus in feather and blood samples from young laying hens in Colombia.

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an immunosuppressive pathogen that can cause low production efficiency and high mortality rates in chickens. There is no current information on the MDV serotypes and pathotypes circulating in vaccinated commercial farms in Colombia where the birds are vaccinated in the incubator with Gallid herpesvirus (GaHV-2) and Meleagrid herpesvirus 1 (MeHV-1). Based on that, the main focus of this study was to understand the MDV's infection dynamics for the three known serotypes and to detect wild-virus pathogenic strains in 4-layer poultry farms in Antioquia. Samples of blood, feathers and spleens were collected from three randomly chosen animals according to age category: 1, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) that differentiates between the three serotypes of MDV was used to assess viral loads over time, and phylogenetic analysis of the Meq oncogene was done to compare the strains of MDV with those of known pathogenicity. Meleagrid herpesvirus 1 (MeHV-1) was detected in all blood and feather follicle samples with an average number of genome copies (per 10,000 cells) of 31.44 in blood as expected as a result of vaccination. GaHV-2 was also detected in almost 100% of the blood and feather follicle samples throughout all defined age categories, with an average of 10.65 genome copies in blood samples. Gallid herpesvirus 3 (GaHV-3) was detected in 72% of blood and 84.61% of feather samples, with less than 1 copy per 10,000 cells. Based on the number of 132 bp repeats of the BamHI-H and BamHI-D regions in pooled feather samples, there were 70% (8/25) of attenuated MDV and 30% (17/25) of virulent MDV strains circulating in the farms. Virus isolation was performed successfully from every farm. In conclusion, different strains of MDV are circulating for up to 120 days in layers in Antioquia-Colombia and could be of major impact in poultry health. Keywords: Marek's disease virus (MDV); Antioquia-Colombia; qPCR; PCR; Meq gene phylogeny.

UTILIDAD DE PRUEBAS CUTÁNEAS Y OTRAS PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO EN PACIENTES CON RINITIS ALÉRGICA / Usefulness of skin tests and other laboratory tests in patients with allergic rhinitis

Antecedentes. Existen diferentes pruebas de laboratorio en las que se apoya el alergólogo dentro del abordaje de la rinitis alérgica, que varían en sus ventajas y desventajas, debiendo debiendo correlacionar su prescripción con la clínica del paciente y valorando costo-beneficio. Objetivos. Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica de IgE sérica total, eosinófilos en moco nasal, eosinófilos séricos y pruebas cutáneas para identificar a los pacientes alérgicos. Material y métodos. Se revisaron laboratorios de 400 pacientes con rinitis alérgica y de 57 con rinitis no alérgica, se describieron las variables sexo, edad, niveles séricos de IgE y eosinófilos séricos totales, la frecuencia de positividad de las diferentes pruebas, significación estadística, utilidad diagnóstica, así como correlación y concordancia de las diferentes pruebas de laboratorio y las pruebas cutáneas. Resultados. Se observó diferencia significativa en los niveles de IgE sérica total (p<0,001) y de eosinófilos séricos totales (p<0,001) entre ambos grupos; ambas pruebas muestran baja sensibilidad. Las pruebas cutáneas tienen la mayor sensibilidad y especificidad en el diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica; la correlación entre las diferentes pruebas de laboratorio y las pruebas cutáneas fue en general baja siendo con la IgE sérica total la que mostró mayor correlación 0,20 (p<0,001). Conclusiones. Debido a su baja sensibilidad y concordancia con las pruebas cutáneas, los exámenes IgE sérica total, eosinófilos séricos y eosinófilos en moco nasal no deben solicitarse como pruebas de tamizaje para identificar a pacientes alérgicos.(AU)

Background. There are different diagnosis tests in the approach of a patient suffering from allergic rhinitis; these have pros and cons, allergists should request them considering symptoms and cost-benefit. Objectives. Determine diagnosis utility from total IgE, eosinophils in nasal mucus, eosinophils-cells and skin prick test to identify allergy patients. Materials and methods. We mesured total IgE, eosinophils in nasal mucus, eosinophils-cells and skin prick test in 400 patients with allergic rhinitis and 57 with no allergic rinitis. We described sex, age, total IgE y eosinophils-cells, the positive frequency and stadistic significance, diagnostic value, correlation and concordance of different diagnosis tests. Results. Total IgE (p<0.001) and eosinophils in nasal mucus (p=0.005) showed significant difference, however both test showed low sensibility. The skin prick tests have more sensibility and specificity than others diagnosis tests, the greater concordance was between skin prick test and total IgE. The correlation between three test and skin prick test was low. Total IgE showed greater correlation 0.20 (p<0.001) than other test. Conclusions. Total IgE, eosinophils in nasal mucus, eosinophils-cells should not routilnely because have of its low sensibility and concordance.(AU)

Síndrome diarreico por rotavirus en niños menores de 5 años inmunizados y no de la ciudad de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela / Diarrheic syndrome due to rotavirus in immunized and non-immunized children under 5, in the city of Maracaibo, state of Zulia, Venezuela

La diarrea aguda es la causa más común de morbi-mortalidad infantil, donde el Rotavirus es uno de los principales agentes involucrados en las diarreas severas en niños menores de 5 años. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia de rotavirus en una población infantil con cuadros diarreicos, vacunados y no vacunados que acuden a observación pediátrica del Hospital de Niños y Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, estado Zulia en el período de Abril 2011 hasta Abril 2012, para ello se recolectaron 100 muestras de heces y para el diagnóstico se utilizó la técnica de Aglutinación Directa en partículas de Látex. Resultaron positivos un 43,6% (24/55) de niños no vacunados y 33,3% (10/30) de niños vacunados afectando principalmente a los menores de 1 año con predominio del sexo masculino con un 65,9% sobre el sexo femenino con 40%, la diarrea por el agente viral estudiado representó casi la mitad de las hospitalizaciones por gastroenteritis, encontrándose una diferencia estadística significativa de p= 0.027 en el numero de evacuaciones del cuarto día, entre niños no vacunados (5) y vacunados (3). Los resultados de esta investigación muestran la circulación de rotavirus en niños vacunados y no vacunados, es por ello importante considerar que el presente reporte tiene como fin último alertar a la comunidad médica a considerar en todo niño con gastroenteritis la posibilidad de que se trate de un cuadro por RV.

Acute diarrhea is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, where rotavirus is one of the main agents involved in severe diarrhea for children under five years. The present study aims to determine the presence of rotavirus in a vaccinated and unvaccinated pediatric population with acute diarrhea that came to the Children’s Hospital and the University Hospital of Maracaibo, State of Zulia, for observation from April 2011 to April 2012. One-hundred stool samples were collected and direct agglutination of latex particles was used for diagnosis. 43.6% of the unvaccinated children were positive (24/55) as were 33.3% (10/30) of the vaccinated children. Principally, children under 1 year were affected, predominantly males with 65.9% and females with 40%. Diarrhea due to the viral agent under study accounted for nearly half the hospitalizations for gastroenteritis. A statistically significant difference of p = 0.027 was found between the number of evacuations on the fourth day in unvaccinated (5) and vaccinated (3) children. Results of this research show rotavirus circulating in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to alert the medical community to consider that every child with gastroenteritis could possibly have RV.

Localized surface plasmon resonance interaction with Er3+-doped tellurite glass.

We show the annealing effect on silver and Erbium-doped tellurite glasses in the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) of silver, produced by the reduction of silver (Ag+ → Ag0), aiming to an fluorescence enhancement. The absorption spectra show typical Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) band of Ag0 NP in addition to the distinctive absorption peaks of Er3+ ions. Both observations demonstrate that the photoluminescence enhancement is due to the coupling of dipoles formed by NPs with the Er3+ 4I(13/2) → 4I(15/2) transition. This plasmon energy transfer to the Er3+ ions was observed in the fluorescence spectrum with a blue-shift of the peaks.

Procedencia de pacientes diagnosticados en la unidad proyecto aragua: importancia para el programa de fibrosis quística / Origin of patients diagnosed in the proyect init aragua: relevace for cystic fibrosis program

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad con patrón de herencia autosómico recesivo que afecta los sistemas respiratorio y digestivo en forma crónica y casi siempre subletal. En Venezuela han documentado que la frecuencia de la enfermedad es baja y la distribución no es homogénea. Este trabajo presenta la información sobre la procedencia geográfica según frecuencia de casos con Fibrosis Quística diagnosticados en la Unidad Proyecto Aragua de la Universidad de Carabobo, desde junio de 1993 a junio de 2008. A partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron para la indagación de dicha enfermedad se tomaron los datos sobre sexo del paciente, edad al momento del diagnóstico, lugar de nacimiento de padres, abuelos y bisabuelos. Se diseñó el Índice de Procedencia para Fibrosis Quística. Se obtuvo 3,96% de positividad en los casos referidos y 76,2% se encuentran en edades entre 0 - 4 años. Se recibió referencia de 22 estados del país. El Indice de Procedencia de los estados de mayor a menor resultó en este orden Apure, Portuguesa, Anzoátegui, Lara, Trujillo, Guárico, Yaracuy, Carabobo y Aragua. Aparecieron otros focos: Siqui- Siqui en Lara, San Fernando y San Juan de Payara en Apure y Yaritagua, Aroa y Salom en Yaracuy. Las evidencias de epidemiología genética encontrados, pueden ser considerados por el Programa Nacional de Fibrosis Quística del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud para el establecimiento de centros diagnósticos y el eventual programa de identificación.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease with autosomal recessive patron that affects the digestive and respiratory systems in chronic and almost always in sublethal form. Epidemiological studies in Venezuela have documented that the incidence of the disease is low and the distribution is not homogeneous. This paper presents information on the geographical origin of patients diagnosed in the Unidad Proyecto Aragua (UPA) of Universidad de Carabobo Sede Aragua (University of Carabobo, Aragua Campus), from June of 1993 to June 2008. After reviewing medical records of patients who came for the detection of CF data were taken from the patient's sex, age at diagnosis, birthplace of parents, grandparents and great grandparents. Was design the provenance index (IP) of CF. Was obtained 3,96% of positivity to CF in referred cases and 76,2% are aged 0 to 4 years. Reference was received from 22 states in the country. the (IP) of the states from high to low provenance result: Apure, Portuguesa, Anzoátegui, Lara, Trujillo, Guárico, Yaracuy, Carabobo and Aragua. Others outbreaks appeared: Siqui-Siqui in Barquisimeto, San Fernando, San Juan de Payara in Apure and Yaritagua, Aroa and Salom in Yaracuy. Arguments of genetic epidemiology found must be considered by the National Program for Cystic Fibrosis of the Ministry of People's Power for Health for the establishment of diagnosis centers and eventual neonatal identification program in areas of greater frequency that showed the study.

[Association between indoor contamination and respiratory diseases in children living in Temuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile]. / Fuentes de contaminación intradomiciliaria y enfermedad respiratoria en jardines infantiles y salas cunas de Temuco y Padre Las Casas, Chile.

BACKGROUND: Indoor air pollution, is the main cause of population exposure to polluting agents. AIM: To establish an environmental profile of indoor contamination emission sources in families of children under 5 years that assist to kindergartens in Temuco and Padre Las Casas. To associate respiratory disease episodes in children with indoor contamination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional analysis of 355 family groups subjected to questionnaires about indoor contamination and number of respiratory disease episodes. RESULTS: Forty six percent of mothers or caregivers smoked, 37% smoked at home and 93% smoked one to two cigarettes per day. There was a significant association between respiratory diseases in children and drying clothes in the kitchen, using firewood for heating and the presence of humidity in the dwelling. Mothers identified as indoor contaminants the use of braziers in 76% of cases and firewood stoves in 24%. Ninety seven percent considered that these appliances were detrimental for respiratory health. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of awareness about indoor contamination among subjects of low socioeconomic status should prompt educational campaigns to modify behaviors in their dwellings.

Fuentes de contaminación intradomiciliaria y enfermedad respiratoria en jardines infantiles y salas cunas de Temuco y Padre Las Casas, Chile / Association between indoor contamination and respiratory diseases in children living in Temuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile

Background: Indoor air pollution, is the main cause of population exposure to polluting agents. Aim: To establish an environmental profile of indoor contamination emission sources in families of children under 5years that assist to kindergartens in Temuco and Padre Las Casas. To associate respiratory disease episodes in children with indoor contamination. Material and methods: Cross sectional analysis of 355 family groups subjected to questionnaires about indoor contamination and number of respiratory disease episodes. Results: Forty six percent of mothers or caregivers smoked, 37 percent smoked at home and 93 percent smoked one to two cigarettes per day. There was a significant association between respiratory diseases in children and drying clothes in the kitchen, using firewood for heating and the presence of humidity in the dwelling. Mothers identified as indoor contaminants the use of braziers in 76 percent of cases and firewood stoves in 24 percent. Ninety seven percent considered that these appliances were detrimental for respiratory health. Conclusions: The lack of awareness about indoor contamination among subjects of low socioeconomic status, should prompt educational campaigns to modify behaviors in their dwellings.

[Lymphomas and HIV infection in a reference hospital of Santiago, Chile: 1990-2002: report of 14 cases and review]. / Linfomas asociados a infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en un complejo hospitalario de la Región Metropolitana, Chile: 1990-2002. Reporte de 14 casos y revisión.

UNLABELLED: The association of HIV infection and lymphoma in patients attending at the South Health Metropolitan Reference Centre is presented. OBJECTIVE: To analyse its incidence, clinical and pathologic manifestations, treatment and outcome. PERIOD OF STUDY: January 1990 to December 2002. RESULTS: 14 cases were detected, 10 non Hodgkin lymphoma patients (7 with high malignancy and 50% in stages III-IVB) and 4 with Hodgkin lymphoma (3 with mixed cellularity, 2 in stage IVB). The annual incidence was 0.68%. Ten patients were classified under stage C3 of AIDS CDC criteria, the mean CD4 count was 139 cells/mm3 and mean CV was 5,32 log. Eighty six percent of patients presented with unique or multiples lymphonodes, with predominance of advanced lymphoma stage. Conventional CHOP chemotherapy was the treatment for high risk and extended non Hodgkin lymphomas and for extended Hodgkin lymphomas the ABVD protocol was administered. Six patients received antiretroviral therapy, 4 simultaneously with chemotherapy. Global mortality in this series was 71%, attributable to tumor disease per se or to sepsis. Four patients survived (18 to 50 months) in complete remission, 2 non Hodgkin lymphomas and 2 Hodgkin lymphomas. The low incidence of lymphoma and AIDS association and the high frequency of lymphomas with localized or generalized lymphonodes in this series are remarkable.

Linfomas asociados a infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en un complejo hospitalario de la Región Metropolitana, Chile: 1990-2002. Reporte de 14 casos y revisión / Lymphomas and HIV infection in a reference hospital of Santiago, Chile: 1990-2002: Report of 14 cases and review

The association of HIV infection and lymphoma in patients attending at the South Health Metropolitan Reference Centre is presented. Objective: to analyse its incidence, clinical and pathologic manifestations, treatment and outcome. Period of study: January 1990 to December 2002. Results: 14 cases were detected, 10 non Hodgkin lymphoma patients (7 with high malignancy and 50 percent in stages III-IVB) and 4 with Hodgkin lymphoma (3 with mixed cellularity, 2 in stage IVB). The annual incidence was 0.68 percent. Ten patients were classified under stage C3 of AIDS CDC criteria, the mean CD4 count was 139 cells/mm³ and mean CV was 5,32 log. Eighty six percent of patients presented with unique or multiples lymphonodes, with predominance of advanced lymphoma stage. Conventional CHOP chemotherapy was the treatment for high risk and extended non Hodgkin lymphomas and for extended Hodgkin lymphomas the ABVD protocol was administered. Six patients received antiretroviral therapy, 4 simultaneously with chemotherapy. Global mortality in this series was 71 percent, attributable to tumor disease per se or to sepsis. Four patients survived (18 to 50 months) in complete remission, 2 non Hodgkin lymphomas and 2 Hodgkin lymphomas. The low incidence of lymphoma and AIDS association and the high frequency of lymphomas with localized or generalized lymphonodes in this series are remarkable.

Se revisó la asociación de linfoma e infección por VIH en un complejo hospitalario de la Región Metropolitana Sur de Santiago de Chile, su incidencia, características clínicas y patológicas, terapia y evolución en 14 casos. La incidencia acumulada (enero 1990 y diciembre 2002) fue de 0,68 por ciento. Diez pacientes tenían linfoma no Hodgkin (siete de alto grado de malignidad y 50 por ciento en estadios III-IVB) y cuatro Hodgkin (tres con celularidad mixta, dos en estadio IVB). Diez pacientes con linfoma estaban en etapa C3 de SIDA según criterios del CDC, con un promedio de CD4 de 139 células/mm³ y carga viral de 212.600 copias de ARN/ml. Ochenta y seis por ciento tenía afección ganglionar, localizada o generalizada. El tratamiento de los linfomas no Hodgkin de alto grado y extendidos fue con quimioterapia CHOP convencional, y en los linfomas de Hodgkin avanzados se aplicó el esquema ABVD. Seis pacientes recibieron tratamiento antiretroviral, cuatro simultáneamente con quimioterapia. La mortalidad global fue de 71 por ciento, por progresión tumoral y/o sepsis. Cuatro pacientes sobreviven (18 a 50 meses) en remisión completa, dos linfomas no Hodgkin y dos Hodgkin. Se discuten la baja incidencia de la asociación linfoma y SIDA y la mayor frecuencia de linfomas con adenopatías localizadas o generalizadas.

Hidrops fetal no inmune: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / No immune fetal hydrops: a case report and literature review

El hidrops fetal no inmune (HFNI) es una importante causa de pérdida perinatal, con mortalidad que varía entre 50-100 por ciento. El HFNI es una condición causada por un grupo heterogéneo de patologías. La fisiopatología del desorden que lo produce se conoce en muchos casos. Sin embargo, existen muchos casos en que la causa no se puede detérminar. Presentar un caso de hidrops fetal no inmune, el estudio realizado y la revisión de la literatura. Un caso de hidrops fetal no inmune, fue diagnósticado por ultrasonido antenatal a las 298 semanas de gestación. El feto murió al nacer, el cariotipo de muestra de sangre obtenida del cordón umbilical fue anormal. El examen postmorten fue compatible con Síndrome de Tuner e Higroma Quístico. En el presente caso el HFNI fue causado por la cromosomopatía tipo monosomía X y la anatomía linfática denominada higroma quístico. Todos los casos de HFNI deben ser evaluados prenatalmente para un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento cuando la mortalidad es prevenible.

Amiloidosis, Comunicación de 11 casos y revisión de la literatura / Clinical features of patients with the pathological diagnosis of amyloidosis

Background: Amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular deposit of an insoluble fibrillar protein that leads to tissue atrophy and necrosis. Aim: To report the clinical features of cases of amyloidosis diagnosed in a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, from 2000 to 2004. Material and methods: Retrospective review of all pathology reports of biopsies obtained from 2000 to 2004. In all cases reported as "amyloidosis", the clinical features of such patients were obtained from their medical records. Results: The medical records of 11 patients with amyloidosis were obtained (aged 35 to 71 year old, seven females). Seven had a systemic and four a localized disease. Six patients had primary amyloidosis and in one, it was secondary to a disseminated tuberculosis. Five patients with the generalized disease consulted for anarsarca, three for weight loss and 2 for chronic diarrhea. Patients with localized disease consulted for tonsil enlargement, dysphonia and skin lesions. Five patients with generalized disease had renal involvement and five had cardiac involvement. Three patients had malabsorption. Conclusions: The most common presentation of systemic amyloidosis is anasarca and renal involvement is common.

Leptospirosis: Presentación de una infección fulminante y revisión de la literatura / Leptospirosis: Report of a fulminant fatal case and review

Entre las nuevas y re-emergentes enfermedades infecciosas que amenazan a la humanidad, y como resultado de este caso clínico, se hace una revisión bibliográfica acerca de leptospirosis insistiendo en la necesidad de tenerla in mente en el diagnóstico diferencial de un cuadro febril con ictericia.