Agronomic Behavior of Mexican Roselle Cultivars Produced under Protected Agricultural Conditions.

Growth dynamics and morphological traits are used to define the characteristics of roselle cultivars Hibiscus sabdariffa. The morpho-agronomic variability of plants was evaluated, as well as the concentration of macro and micronutrients in leaves of Mexican roselle cultivars in hydroponic and greenhouse conditions. The following roselle cultivars were studied: 'Cruza Negra', 'UAN16-2', 'Criolla Huajicori', 'UAN 6 Puga', 'UAN 25-1' and '4Q4'. The relative growth rate of the crops was fitted to a positive cubic, negative quadratic and positive linear model, whereas stem diameter, fitted to a linear model, had a negative quadratic response. The foliar surface of the cultivars '4Q4', 'Cruza Negra', 'UAN16-2' and 'Criolla Huajicori' was directly related to the size of the flower, the calyx and the corolla. Nitrogen and potassium are the elements that showed the highest concentration in the cultivars Criolla Huajicori and Cruza Negra, while in the other four cultivars the highest concentrations of minerals in the leaf were nitrogen and calcium. The leaves of cultivar 4Q4 provided the greatest amount of minerals, with 83,565 mg kg-1 dry basis. Criolla Huajicori was the cultivar that exhibited the tallest height, the most productive branches and the greatest calyx number per plant; however, Cruza Negra exhibited the highest yield by having the longest calyx.

Anthocyanin Induction by Drought Stress in the Calyx of Roselle Cultivars.

Abiotic factors can alter the chemical profile of crops and the number of compounds they contain. In this study, the anthocyanin and anthocyanidin contents, determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS), and the colour attributes of the calyces of three cultivars of Hibiscus sabdariffa subjected to three water stress regimes during the stage of physiological maturity were investigated. The total anthocyanin content in calyx increased relative to the control content under a 65% moisture irrigation regime. Among the cultivars, UAN16-2 showed the greatest increases in the contents of cyanidin, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside. The content of cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside showed the greatest increase, increasing by 55% relative to the control level. The contents of these compounds are correlated with colour attributes such as luminosity. Water stress under the 33% moisture condition during plant development led to decreased anthocyanin contents in all of the roselle cultivars.

Cellular antioxidant activity and in vitro intestinal permeability of phenolic compounds from four varieties of mango bark (Mangifera indica L.).

BACKGROUND: Mango bark is an important agro-industrial residue from mango pruning. In traditional medicine, the aqueous extract from mango bark (MBE) has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of many diseases. However, there is scarce information using cellular models to evaluate the potential use of this plant material for human consumption. In this study, the phenolic content from the MBE from four varieties (Kent, Keitt, Ataulfo and Tommy Atkins) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-TOF). Additionally, the cellular antioxidant activity of the MBE from the four mango varieties were compared. Finally, the intestinal permeability of the main polyphenols found in the MBE (mangiferin and gallic acid) was evaluated. RESULTS: Mangiferin and gallic acid were the main constituents in the MBE from the four mango varieties. Furthermore, the Ataulfo variety showed the highest cellular antioxidant activity (67%) at the concentration of 100 µg mL−1 . The intestinal permeability of mangiferin present in the bark extracts was 3- to 4.8-fold higher than those of mangiferin as standard, whereas the intestinal permeability of gallic acid varied among the tested extracts. CONCLUSION: MBE has the potential to exert antioxidant activity at the cellular level and can have an impact on human health. It may also be a good source for the extraction of polyphenols mainly mangiferin.

Gene expression of an arabinogalactan lysine-rich protein CaAGP18 during vegetative and reproductive development of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

Lysine-rich (Lys-rich) proteins encoded by AGP17, AGP18, and AGP19 genes are cell wall-associated glycopeptides related to sexual reproduction in flowering plants. This subclass belongs to classical arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) widely studied in model plants like Arabidopsis. In this study, we identified the CaAGP18 cDNA from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), as well as its expression pattern during vegetative and reproductive development. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a Lys-rich AGP18 protein of 238 amino acids residues in length with an estimated molecular mass of 22.85 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.7. The protein is predicted as canonical AGP due to the presence of a small Lys-rich region and a C-terminal sequence essential for posttranslational modification with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Phylogenetic analysis showed that CaAGP18 is clustered together with NtAGP18, SpAGP18, StAGP18 and NaAGP18 from Solanaceae species. CaAGP18 expression through plant phenological stages had the highest transcription level in leaves at the seedling stage, whereas in reproductive organs there was a significant up-regulation in pistils during anthesis, also in petals 2 days post-anthesis (DPA), and in fruit at the expansion stage. Our results open future research for possible roles of CaAGP18 in cell expansion as a wall-associated plasticizer and reproductive processes like pistil interactions and petal cell death.

Fertirrigación con diferentes formas de nitrógeno en el cultivo de tomate en un suelo arcilloso / Tomato crop fertigation with different nitrogen form in clayed soil / Fertirrigação com diferentes formas de nitrogênio no cultivo de tomate em um solo argiloso

Se estudió el efecto de nitrógeno nítrico, amoniacal y ureico, suministrados en distintas etapas de desarrollo del cultivo de tomate, sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de fruto. El trabajo se realizó en campo bajo riego por goteo, en un suelo vertisol pélico y clima cálido y semiárido. Tres tratamientos de fertilización (T1, T2 y testigo) fueron distribuidos en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. T1 y T2 se fertilizaron con 250-50-190kg·ha-1 de N, P y K, respectivamente; en estos el N se suministró en diferentes proporciones de N-ureico, N-amoniacal y N-nítrico, en distintas etapas de desarrollo del cultivo; el T3 se aplicó como los productores del Valle de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México (450-118-413kg·ha-1 de N-P-K), con 75% del N como nitrato. La concentración de N-NO3 en el extracto celular de peciolos en los T1 y T2 fluctuó de 500 a 1360ppm, y en T3 fue de 300-1175ppm. Estos valores estuvieron relacionados con la dosis de N total suministrado pero no con la proporción de NH4/NO3 aplicada, y tampoco influyeron en la producción de fruto de exportación. La producción de fruto fue estadísticamente igual en las dosis de fertilización alta y moderada, con un ahorro del 75% de N-nítrico. En calidad poscosecha de frutos, la fertilización reducida y la aplicación de N-ureico y N-amoniacal en altas proporciones no afectó la firmeza, ºBrix ni la pérdida de peso de los frutos.

The effect of nitrogen form (urea, nitrate and ammonium) provided at various stages of development of the tomato crop on the yield and quality of fruit was studied. The work was conducted under field conditions in a pellustert soil, drip irrigation and a warm and semi-arid climate. Three fertilization treatments (T1, T2 and control) were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with three replicates. T1 and T2 were fertilized with 250-50-190kg·ha-1 N, P and K, respectively; which N was supplied in different ratios of ureic-N, ammonium-N and nitric-N along growing tomato plants; T3 was provided in a similar way as is generally employed by the tomato producers in the Culiacan Valley, Sinaloa, Mexico (450-118-413kg·ha-1 N-P-K), with 75% of N in nitrate form. The concentration of N-NO-3 in the petiole cell extract in T1 and T2 ranged from 500 to 1360ppm, and in the control it was 300-1175ppm. These values were related with the total N doses supplied but not with the ratio of NH4/NO3 provided, neither influenced on the total amount of exportation fruit. The fruit production was statistically similar in the high and moderated fertilizer doses with a fertilizer savings of 75% of nitrate N. With respect to the post-harvest quality in the tomato fruit, moderated fertilization associated with high application of ureic-N and ammonium-N did not affect the fruit firmness, ºBrix or the weight loss in the fruit.

Estudou-se o efeito do nitrogênio nítrico, amoniacal e uréico, subministrados em distintas etapas de desenvolvimento do cultivo de tomate, sobre o rendimento e a qualidade do fruto. O trabalho se realizou no campo sob irrigação por gotejamento, em um solo vertisol pélico e clima cálido e semi-árido. Três tratamentos de fertilização (T1, T2 e testemunho) foram distribuídos em um desenho de blocos completos aleatório com três repetições. T1 e T2 se fertilizaram com 250-50-190kg•ha-1 de N, P e K, respectivamente; em estes o N se subministrou em diferentes proporções de N-uréico, N-amoniacal e N-nítrico, em distintas etapas de desenvolvimento do cultivo; o T3 se aplicou como os produtores do Vale de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México (450-118-413kg•ha-1 de N-P-K), com 75% do N como nitrato. A concentração de N-NO3 no extrato celular de pecíolos nos T1 e T2 flutuou de 500 a 1360ppm, e em T3 foi de 300-1175ppm. Estes valores estiveram relacionados com a dose de N total subministrado, mas não com a proporção de NH4/NO3 aplicada, e tampouco influíram na produção do fruto de exportação. A produção do fruto foi estatisticamente igual nas doses de fertilização alta e moderada, poupando 75% de N-nítrico. Em qualidade pos-colheita de frutos, a fertilização reduzida e a aplicação de N-uréico e N-amoniacal em altas proporções não afetou a firmeza, oBrix nem a perda de peso dos frutos.