[Effectiveness of School-Based Life Skills Programmes on Secondary Schoolchildren in a High Risk Sample]. / Überprüfung der Effektivität schulischer Gesundheitsprogramme bei Schülerinnen und Schülern der Sekundarstufe I mit besonderen sozialen Belastungen.

Based on a randomized controlled multicentre-design the effect of school-based life skills programmes was investigated in a sample of 102 classes of secondary schools (Hauptschulen) in northern Germany. Self-reports of 1,057 pupils showed positive effects of the programmes on the reduction of smoking. Pupils' life skills improved in the teachers' assessment. The social and the migration status did not moderate the results. Both pupils and teachers evaluated the programmes very positive.

[Trends in subjective health and well-being of children and adolescents in Germany: results of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study 2002 to 2010]. / Trends in der subjektiven Gesundheit und des gesundheitlichen Wohlbefindens von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Studie 2002 bis 2010.

The monitoring of health through the analysis of trends provides important information on the long-term development of key outcome parameters for health. Currently, Germany does not have any reliable data on trends in the health situation of young people.The presented results are based on the German trend data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study. Data were analysed for a representative sample of 11-, 13- and 15-year-old school children from 2002 (N=5 650), 2006 (N=7 274) and 2010 (N=5 005). First, a comparison between German and international HBSC trend data was conducted for subjective health, life satisfaction and health complaints in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Next, a logistic regression was calculated to further describe the trends for these outcomes in the German data set.Overall, children and adolescents in Germany report good health. The comparison with the international data further supports this finding. Detailed analyses of trends showed that the health level generally improved between 2002 and 2010 for German children. In particular, better subjective health and lower rates of multiple recurrent health complaints were reported. Irrespective of the survey year, girls and older adolescents reported the highest level of health impairment.Trend analyses contribute towards health politics not only by providing information on the health situation across time, but also by pointing out the long-term effects of measures at the macro level (such as national health programmes, interventions) on children's health.

[Health-related quality of life and mental health of children and adolescents in Germany: results from the German HBSC Study 2006-2010]. / Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse aus der deutschen HBSC-Studie 2006-2010.

With medical advances, acute -disease in childhood and adolescence could be substantially reduced, thus shifting the focus towards chronic and mental health problems. Currently there is a lack of studies on trends in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental well-being and their determinants in the context of children's and adolescents' environment (e. g., family, school). The aim of this paper is to describe the trend in HRQoL in children and adolescents from 2006 to 2010 and to analyse factors associated with HRQoL and mental well-being of children and adolescents.Results are based on the German sample (11-, 13- and 15-year-old school children) of the international WHO Study from the 2006 (n=6 896) and 2010 (n=4 723) surveys. HRQoL was assessed by means of KIDSCREEN-10. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a screening instrument for mental health problems, was used as an indicator of mental health. Logistic regressions were performed to analyse the effects of covariates on HRQoL as well as on mental health problems.HRQoL remained fairly stable between 2006 and 2010 for both boys and girls. Approximately 85% of the school children report a high or normal HRQoL, whereby girls indicate a lower HRQoL than boys. Overall, 14,3% of the pupils show signs of mental health problems. The model results show that poor communication with parents, spending little time with friends, lack of perceived support from classmates and a negative attitude towards school are negatively associated with mental health.The majority of children and adolescents report a high HRQoL over time. The fact that every 7th 11- to 15-year-old shows signs of mental health problems raises concern and suggests that addressing mental health problems needs to gain more priority in public health measures.

[Child and adolescent health in Germany: findings from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)-WHO-Youth Health Survey 2002-2010]. / Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit in Deutschland: Erkenntnisse aus der Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)-WHO-Jugendgesundheitsstudie 2002-2010.

For many years, the HBSC-Study has provided important insight and information on the health situation and health behaviours of young people 11- through 15 years of age living in Germany. The papers in this supplement take a first look at the trends in selected indicators of health and health behaviour of this group and draw important conclusions about the association between prevention and health promotion measures and individual health across time. This short report gives an overview on the key results and findings of the 10 papers in the supplement.

[Mobbing and violence at school. Trends from 2002 to 2010]. / Mobbing und Gewalt an Schulen. Entwicklungstrends von 2002 bis 2010.

The purpose of this study was to undertake an assessment and differentiated examination of the development of bullying and violence in schools between 2002 and 2010 in Germany.We examined the national German data of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2002, 2006 and 2010. A paper-pencil questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample (N=17 929) of 11-, 13- and 15-year-old school children. The evaluation of the data was done by descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses, controlled by age, gender, family affluence, school type and survey year.A clear positive trend could be identified: from 2002 to 2010 the number of bullies and bully victims decreased whereas the group of the uninvolved pupils increased. There was a delay in this trend for children with low family affluence.The obvious success in the prevention of violence is shown by the decreasing rate of bullies. The paper discusses whether future prevention should focus more on victims and children with educationally deprived background.

[The HBSC Study in Germany--study design and methodology]. / Die HBSC-Studie in Deutschland--Studiendesign und Methodik.

The aim of the HBSC-Study is to collect data on the physical and mental health and health behaviour of children and adolescents and to gain a deeper insight into their situation and the specific environment they grow up in. The HBSC-study is an international school-based cross-sectional survey conducted in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). The survey takes place every 4 years since 1982 and is based on a standardised protocol. In Germany the survey was first conducted in 1994 as a pilot study in North Rhine-Westphalia. The German sample is based on a random sample of classes in all public schools in Germany. 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old pupils are surveyed by means of a paper and pencil questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a broad selection of -topics, including sociodemographics, health and risk behaviours, family, school and peers. The reported trends in the supplement are based on the data from surveys in 2002 (N=5.650), 2006 (N=7.274) and 2010 (N=5.005). The representative samples for each of the survey years are defined as follows: in 2002 the data is based on information collected in 4 Federal States (Berlin, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony); in 2006 5 states define the German data file (Berlin, Hamburg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony). The data from the 2010 survey comprises data from 15 Federal States. The HBSC-data contributes towards a better understanding of the relationship between health and living conditions of young people. The papers in this supplement deliver important insights into the living context of young people and in doing this they provide important information about their health and the long-term effectiveness of public-health-measures.