[Complications of female genital mutilation: epidemiology and management of cases at Ouahigouya regional teaching hospital, Burkina Faso]. / Complications des mutilations génitales féminines : épidémiologie et prise en charge des cas au Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) régional de Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso.

Background: Female genital mutilation is still common in Burkina Faso, despite decades of struggle against its practice. The northern region of this country has one of the highest prevalence of this practice at the national level with 76% of women mutilated. The objective of our study was to describe the health complications of female genital mutilation treated in the referral hospital in this region. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a 13-year period, from September 15, 2009 to September 14, 2022. Patients admitted for genital or loco-regional complications related to genital mutilation were included. Mutilated parturients without infibulation, victims of vulvar tears or who had undergone episiotomy were not included. Results: We recorded 204 patients, representing 3,1% of consultants, and an annual frequency of 15.7 cases. The ages of the victims ranged from 15 months to 31 years. The 15-20 age group was the most represented (49.3%). Victims were more likely to come from urban than rural areas. The main reasons for consultation were vulvar stricture, dyspareunia, impossibility of sexual intercourse, and dysuria. These were medium- and long-term complications of the mutilation. These complications were related to infibulation in 81.8% of cases and to type II mutilation in 18.2%. Surgery accounted for 89.9% of treatments, with drug treatments alone accounting for 10.1%. Deinfibulation was the most common surgical procedure. No clitoral reconstruction was performed. The outcome was favourable in all cases. Conclusion: There are many local and regional complications of genital mutilation, but fortunately their treatment has a good anatomical prognosis. However, psychological complications remain to be evaluated and managed in our context. The management of these complications should be an opportunity to raise awareness among the patients' family circles to abandon the practice.

Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get off the ground. This systematic review's aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in West African women. METHODS: Original studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. In these studies, Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybrid capture, and sequencing. The quality of the articles was assessed and the results were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies from 10 West African countries were included for the systematic review including 30 for the pooled analysis. From an overall of 17358 participants, 5126 of whom were infected with at least one HPV genotype, the systematic review showed a prevalence varying from 8.9% to 81.8% in the general population. In contrast, the pooled prevalence of infection was 28.6% (n = 3890; 95% CI 27.85-29.38), and HPV-52 (13.3%), HPV-56 (9.3%), and HPV-35 (8.2) were the most frequent. Quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines covered 18.2% and 55.8% of identified genotypes respectively. CONCLUSION: Faced with this growing public health challenge in West Africa, it would be necessary for all its countries to have reliable data on HPV infection and to introduce the nonavalent vaccine. A study of the genotypic distribution of HPV in high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer would be very useful in West Africa.

Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus in pregnant women in Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION: Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is widespread among sexually active individuals. Several factors may contribute to increased risk of infection in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to determine the high-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk (LR-HPV) oncogenic HPV genotypes among pregnant women in Ouagadougou. METHODOLOGY: In this study, 100 endocervical samples were collected using a sterile swab on the sterile examination glove used during vaginal examination in pregnant women. DNA from each sample was amplified by PCR followed by hybridization using the HPV Direct Flow Chips kit detecting 36 HPV genotypes. RESULTS: Twenty-three percent (23%) of pregnant women had HPV infection. Of the 36 genotypes tested, 29 genotypes had been identified with a predominance of HPV 52 (10.34%), HPV 35 (6.89%), and HPV 82 (6.89%) for high risk and HPV 43 (10.34%), HPV 44/55 (6.90%), and HPV 62/81 (6.89%) for low risk. CONCLUSION: HPV is common among pregnant women in Burkina Faso. However, the available vaccines do not cover the frequent genotypes found in this study. HPV could therefore constitute a threat for pregnant women and a risk of infection for the newborn.