Dengue Immunological Markers Evolution at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Burkina Faso.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Dengue is a remerging vector-borne viral disease in Burkina Faso since the outbreak of 2013 and requires special attention from health authorities. This study reports the prevalence of dengue fever serological markers (NS1Ag, IgM and IgG) and infection dynamic from January, 2018 to December, 2020 among patients tested for dengue infection at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study population consisted of 6414 patients aged 0-97 years. Dengue virus infection was detected in serum or plasma using the SD bioline dengue duo rapid detection kit. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of dengue NS1Ag was 2.25% (45/2003), 18.43% (501/2719) and 2.42% (38/1569) in the study population in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The age groups over 50 years and 15-20 years were significantly more infected compared to the group 21-30 years respectively in 2019 (p = 0.030) and 2020 (p = 0.035). Patients tested positive for at least one of these markers (NSlAg, IgG and IgM) represented 26.01% (521/2003) and 38.98% (1060/2719). The peak of infection during 2018 and 2019 was observed between October and November. The present study reports a high seroprevalence of acute dengue virus infection. The presence of NS1Ag, IgM and IgG in patients suggests an active circulation of the dengue virus in Ouagadougou. <b>Conclusion:</b> Data shows recurrent outbreaks of dengue infection in our country need strong surveillance and a suitable and affordable diagnostic system to clarify the burden, pinpoint the risk factors and for better case management.

[DRESS syndrome secondary to pyrazinamide: An uncommon complication of tuberculosis treatment]. / DRESS syndrome au pyrazinamide : complication rare et grave du traitement antituberculeux.

INTRODUCTION: The Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS) is a severe drug-induced reaction. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 35-year-old man treated by RHEZ for a first episode of a smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and who developed a DRESS syndrome due to pyrazinamide after twenty days of treatment, associated with a viral reactivation to Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6). He had a skin eruption, liver involvement and hypereosinophilia. He fully recovered after drug withdrawal, associated with local and general corticosteroids. He died two weeks after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Discovery of DRESS syndrome during tuberculosis treatment is an uncommon complication and requires a searching for the responsible drug. That should be difficult because tuberculosis drugs are often given as fixed-dose combination. Physicians have to bear in mind the potential role of pyrazinamide.

Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection and Genotype Characterization among Women in Orodara, Western Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer usually occurs several years after persistent infection with oncogenic or high-risk human papillomavirus. The objective of this study was to determine carriage of 14 genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus among women at Orodara and then characterize the genotypes found in these women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June to July 2015, 120 women from the general population were recruited in the health district of Orodara. They voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Endocervical samples were taken from these women prior to screening for precancerous lesions by visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol's iodine. Identification of high-risk human papillomavirus genotype was done using real-time PCR. RESULTS: High-risk human papillomavirus prevalence was 38.3% and the most common genotypes were HPV 52 (25.4%), HPV 33 (20.6%) and HPV 59 (11.1%). The HPV 66 was also identified with a prevalence of 9.5%. CONCLUSION: The HPV 16 and HPV 18 which are frequently associated with cancer worldwide were not found among the most frequent oncogenic HPV in women in Orodara.

A decade of follow-up and therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV-2 immunocompromised patients at St Camille and General Lamizana Military Medical Centers, Burkina Faso, West Africa.

Although, HIV-2 is generally less pathogenic than HIV-1 and its progression towards AIDS occurs less frequently. HIV-2 remains an important cause of disease in West Africa. This study aimed to evaluate HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence among pregnant women and to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients with HIV-2 infection from 2003-2013 at St Camille and General Lamizana Military Medical Centers. A retrospective investigation was conducted using 12,287 medical records from patients screened for HIV. To respond to the lack of data available regarding HIV-2 treatment and also to address the approach to clinical, biological as well as therapeutic monitoring, 62 HIV-2 infected patients' medical records were studied. Seroprevalence of 10.6 and 0.14% were obtained, respectively for HIV-1 and HIV-2 among 12,287 women screened during the study period. From the sixty two (62) HIV-2 patients, the average age was 49.2 years (sex ratio was 0.65). The weight loss and diarrhea were the major clinical manifestations observed, respectively 54.8 and 25.8%. Fungi and herpes zoster (shingles) infections were reported as major opportunistic infections. Also, nearly half of the patients had more than 60 kg, less than 2% were in WHO stage IV and about 2/3 had a CD4 count bellow 250 cells mm(-3). AZT-3TC-IDV/LPV/R was the most prescribed combination. The gain in weight gain the Body Mass Index (BMI) improvement and the non-significant increase of the rate of CD4 between 1st (M1) and 24th month (M24) were observed after treatment with antiviral.

Chromosomal evidence of incipient speciation in the Afrotropical malaria mosquito Anopheles funestus.

The analysis of chromosomal polymorphism of paracentric inversions in anopheline mosquitoes has often been instrumental to the discovery of sibling species complexes and intraspecific genetic heterogeneities associated with incipient speciation processes. To investigate the population structure of Anopheles funestus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), one of the three most important vectors of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, a three-year survey of chromosomal polymorphism was carried out on 4,638 karyotyped females collected indoors and outdoors from two villages of central Burkina Faso. Large and temporally stable departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to significant deficits of heterokaryotypes were found irrespective of the place of capture, and of the spatial and temporal units chosen for the analysis. Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed among inversion systems on independently assorting chromosomal arms, indicating the existence of assortative mating phenomena. Results were consistent with the existence of two chromosomal forms characterized by contrasting degrees of inversion polymorphism maintained by limitations to gene flow. This hypothesis was supported by the reestablishment of Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibria when individual specimens were assigned to each chromosomal form according to two different algorithms. This pattern of chromosomal variability is suggestive of an incipient speciation process in An. funestus populations from Burkina Faso.