Revue des plantes médicinales à potentiel aromatique du Burkina Faso / Medicinal plants of aromatic potential from Burkina Faso: a review

Introduction.Au Burkina Faso la production et l'utilisation des huiles essentielles ne sont pas encore bien développées. En 2002 on dénombrait environ 90 espèces aromatiques, et seulement 30 étudiées. Une étude approfondie et une exploitation des huiles essentielles provenant de plantes médicinales pourraient valoriser la médecine traditionnelle. L'objectif de cette revue était donc d'identifier et de répertorier les plantes médicinales à potentiel aromatique du Burkina Faso.Méthodologie. Une revue bibliographique et des moteurs de recherche à base de données scientifiques ont servi de méthodologie.Résultats.Dans cette étude, 84 plantes médicinales à potentiel aromatique ont été répertoriées. Ces plantes étaient issues de 44 familles dont celle des Césalpiniaceaela plus représentée. Les feuilles étaient les parties les plus utilisées pour l'extraction des huiles essentielles. Les composés actifs tels que les caryophyllènes, pinènes, phytols, linalols, acide hexadécanoïque, cinéole et phellandrène étaient les plus dominants. Les propriétés biologiques associées étaient anti-inflammatoire, antibactérienne, antioxydante et antimicrobienne.Conclusion.Cette revue indique le potentiel qu'ont certaines plantes médicinales du Burkina Faso pour l'exploitation de leurs huiles essentielles.Ainsi, les 85 plantes aromatiques répertoriées par cette étude pourrait être utiliséepour initier une investigation en produits cosmétologiques naturels, biologiques ou en pétrochimie

Introduction.In Burkina Faso, the production and use of essential oils are not yet well developed. In 2002, there were approximately 90 aromatic species, with only 30 studied. A thorough study and exploitation of essential oils from medicinal plants could enhance traditional medicine. The objective of this review was therefore to identify and list medicinal plants with aromatic potential in Burkina Faso. Methodology.A literature review and search engines based on scientific databases were used as methodology. Results.In this study, 84 medicinal plants with aromatic potential were listed. These plants came from 44 families, with the Césalpiniaceae family being the most represented. Leaves were the most commonly used parts for essential oil extraction. Active compounds such as caryophyllenes, pinenes, phytols, linalols, hexadecanoic acid, cineole, and phellandrene were the most dominant. The associated biological properties were anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimicrobial. Conclusion.This review indicates the potential of certain medicinal plants in Burkina Faso for the exploitation of their essential oils. Thus, the 85 aromatic plants listed in this study could be used to initiate an an investigation natural, organic, or petrochemical cosmetic products

Multi-outputs Gaussian process for predicting Burkina Faso COVID-19 spread using correlations from the weather parameters.

The novel coronavirus has affected all regions of the world, but each country has experienced different rates of infection. In West Africa, in particular, infection rates remain low as compared to other parts of the world. This heterogeneity in the spread of COVID-19 raises a lot of questions that are still unanswered. However, some studies point out that people's mobility, size of gatherings, rate of testing, and weather have a great impact on the COVID-19 spread. In this work, we first evaluate the correlation between meteorological parameters and COVID-19 cases using Spearman's rank correlation. Secondly, multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGP) are used to predict the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases by exploring its relationships with meteorological parameters. The number of daily reported COVID-19 cases, as well as, weather variables collected from March 9, 2020, to October 18, 2021, were used in the analysis. The weather variables considered in the analysis are the mean temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, insolation, precipitation, and wind speed. The predicting model was constructed exploiting the correlation between the data of the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and data of the weather variables. The results show that a significant correlation between the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases was found with humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and insolation. These parameters are used to construct the predictive model using the Multi-Output Gaussian process (MOGP). Different combinations of the data of meteorological parameters together with the data of daily reported COVID-19 cases were used to derive different models. We found that the best predictor is obtained using the combination of Humidity and insolation. This model is then used to predict the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases knowing the humidity and Insolation.

Infections des espaces profonds du cou et de la face dans le service d'ORL et de chirurgie Cervico-Faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso

Objectif : Décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs des Infections des Espaces Profonds du Cou et de la Face (IEPCF) dans le service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale du CHU Souro Sanou. Matériel et méthodes : Une étude rétrospective réalisée dans le service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale du CHU Souro Sanou sur la période du 1er janvier 2012 au 31 décembre 2016 a permis de colliger les dossiers cliniques de 41 malades hospitalisés pour une IPCF. Résultats : Les tranches d'âges de 0-5 ans, 20-25 ans et 25-30 ans représentaient 41,47% des cas. Le sex- ratio était de 1,16. La tuméfaction cervicale, la fièvre et la dysphagie représentaient les principaux signes fonctionnels présentés par les patients. Les cellulites cervicales et cervico-thoracique représentaient 36,59% des cas d'IEPCF. L'antibiothérapie à large spectre associée à un acte chirurgical dans 60,97% des cas avait été le principe du traitement. Les taux de guérison et de létalité étaient respectivement de 88% et de 5%. Conclusion : Les IEPCF sont susceptibles de donner des complications évolutives imprévisibles et graves pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital du patient. La prise en charge correcte nécessite des moyens diagnostiques performants en imagerie médicale, un traitement antibiotique à large spectre et une connaissance anatomique des espaces cervicaux profonds du cou et de la face

Dyspnées en milieu hospitalier ORL du CHU Souro Sanou : aspects épidémiologiques, étiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs

Objectif : Décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, étiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs des cas de dyspnées dans le service d'ORL/CCF du CHU Souro Sanou. Méthodologie : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive qui a colligé les dossiers cliniques de 151 patients hospitalisés pour une dyspnée dans le service au cours de la période de janvier 2012 à décembre 2016. Résultats : Les patients de 0 à 5 ans et de 5 ans à 10 ans représentaient 53,64% et 12,58%. Les corps étrangers des voies respiratoires étaient les plus fréquents avec 28,48% des étiologies. Les amygdalites hypertrophiques et obstructives associées aux végétations adénoïdes et les végétations adénoïdes isolées représentaient chacune 12,88%. Les taux de guérison et de décès étaient de 84,11% et de 9,27%. Le cancer de l'hypopharynx était la principale cause de décès avec 21,43% des cas. Conclusion : Les dyspnées en ORL sont des urgences diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Les causes variées nécessitent un plateau technique adapté et du personnel qualifié

Establishment of a hip replacement project in a district hospital in Burkina Faso: analysis of technical problems and peri-operative complications.

Total hip replacement (THR) still is a rare intervention in many African countries. In Burkina Faso it is not performed on a regular basis. A visiting programme for THR was started in a district hospital with no previous relevant experience. In this paper we present an analysis of the surgical technical problems and peri-operative complications of 152 THRs in 136 patients and three bipolar hemiarthroplasties in three patients undertaken in this new programme with limited orthopaedic equipment. There were 86 male and 53 female patients with a mean age of 49 years (21 to 78). We identified 77 intra-operative technical problems in 51 operations. There were 24 peri-operative complications in 21 patients, 17 of which were bony in nature. So far, ten revision THRs have been performed in nine patients. Regular analysis of the technical problems and complications was used to improve quality, and we identified patient selection adapted to the local circumstances as important to avoid complications. Our reflections on the problems encountered in initiating such a programme may be of help to other teams planning similar projects.

Sugarcane bagasse treated with hydrous ferric oxide as a potential adsorbent for the removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions.

The mechanism of As(V) removal from aqueous solutions by means of hydrated ferric oxide (HFO)-treated sugarcane bagasse (SCB-HFO) (Saccharum officinarum L.) was investigated. Effects of different parameters, such as pH value, initial arsenic concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and ionic strength, on the As(V) adsorption were studied. The adsorption capacity of SCB-HFO for As(V) was found to be 22.1 mg/g under optimum conditions of pH 4, contact time 3h and temperature 22 °C. Initial As(V) concentration influenced the removal efficiency of SCB-HFO. The desorption of As(V) from the adsorbent was 17% when using 30% HCl and 85% with 1M NaOH solution. FTIR analyses evidenced two potential binding sites associated with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups which are responsible for As(V) removal. Adsorption, surface precipitation, ion exchange and complexation can be suggested as mechanisms for the As(V) removal from the solution phase onto the surface of SCB-HFO.

[Evaluation of noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma on pretransplant MRI (2010): correlation between MR imaging features and histological features on liver specimen]. / Évaluation des critères diagnostiques non invasifs du carcinome hépatocellulaire sur IRM pré-greffe hépatique (2010) : corrélations IRM - anatomopathologiques sur explants hépatiques.

PURPOSE: To validate the 2010 diagnostic criteria from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on MRI using the surgical liver specimen as a gold standard. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 21 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively included. Each underwent surgery because of HCC between January 2007 and January 2008. Pre-transplant MRI was performed on a 1.5 Tesla MR unit. The T1W and T2W signal and kinetic contrast enhancement were correlated for each lesion with the surgical specimen. Lesion diameters between MRI and specimen were compared (Spearman). A multivariate model was created (R statistics software package) to predict the presence and grade of tumor differentiation (WHO, Edmonson Steiner). RESULTS: A total of 71 nodules were detected at histology, including 54 HCC (mean size: 25.3mm) compared to 68 on MRI. There was moderate agreement (r=0.58, P<0.001) between the maximum lesion diameters measured on MRI and at histology. Wash-out on MRI provided an accuracy of 75 % for the detection of HCC (sensitivity=75 %, specificity=76 %). Adding T2W hyperintensity to the AASLD criteria increased the sensitivity of MRI from 70.3 % to 77.7 % for the diagnosis of HCC and from 67.6 % to 79 % for nodules less than 20mm in diameter, without affecting specificity. On multivariate analysis, wash out as a single variable was significantly associated with a diagnosis of HCC (P<0.01, odds ratio 12.0, CI 95 % [2.6-55.5]). T1W hyperintensity (P=0.04, odds ratio 5.4) and loss of signal on opposed-phase images (P=0.02, odds ratio 9.2) were predictive of good differentiation. CONCLUSION: On MRI, the AASLD criteria or presence of wash out within a liver nodule in patients with underlying chronic hepatocellular disease are suggestive of tumoral transformation. The addition of T2W hyperintensity to the AASLD criteria increases the detection of HCC, especially nodules smaller than 20mm.

A prospective study on neonatal mortality and its predictors in a rural area in Burkina Faso: can MDG-4 be met by 2015?

OBJECTIVE: To measure the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and investigate its predictors in a rural area of Burkina Faso. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of infants born in 24 villages in Banfora region was followed until the children were 6 months old. We estimated the risk of neonatal death and used logistic regression to identify its predictors. RESULT: Among 864 live births followed to day 28, there were 40 neonatal deaths, a NMR of 46.3 per 1000 live births (95% confidence intervals (CI): 22 to 70). Multivariable regression identified twin birth (OR=11.5, 95% CI: 4.5 to 29.8), having a nulliparous mother (odds ratio (OR)=4.3, 95% CI: 1.5 to 12.1), and birth into a polygynous household (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.7) as main predictors of neonatal death. CONCLUSION: The burden of neonatal mortality in rural Burkina Faso is very high and the observed NMRs in a predominantly rural country suggest that it is unlikely Burkina will meet fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG-4) by 2015.