Cellulites cervico-faciales graves, morbidité et mortalité: à propos de 150 cas au CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo au Burkina Faso / Severe cervico-facial cellulitis, morbidity and mortality: concerning 150 cases at CHU Yalgado Ouedraogo in Burkina Faso

Introduction : Les cellulites cervico-faciales graves sont des infections redoutables de par leur extension locorégionale et à distance mais aussi de par le pronostic vital qu'elles peuvent engager. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier la morbi-mortalité des cellulites cervico-faciales graves. Méthode : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive concernant tous les patients admis du 1er Janvier 2008 au 31 Décembre 2017 dans le service de Stomatologie/ Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire /Yalgado Ouédraogo pour cellulite cervico-faciale grave. Les variables étudiées étaient sociodémographiques, cliniques, paracliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutives. L'analysées a été faite grâce au logiciel Epi-Info 7. Résultats : La fréquence hospitalière annuelle était de 15 cas avec une moyenne d'âge de 36,9 ans et une prédominance masculine. Les facteurs favorisants étaient surtout la prise d'anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdien en monothérapie (65,3%). La tuméfaction concernait la région sous mentale dans 85,3% des cas. Des signes de compressions des voies aérodigestives supérieures étaient notés dans 22% des cas. La tomodensitométrie avait noté une diffusion cranioencéphalique chez 5,3% des patients. Le traitement a été médico-chirurgical avec une évolution clinique favorable. Il existait une corrélation entre le décès et le siège de la lésion, le sexe et le recours au traitement traditionnel. Conclusion : Les cellulites graves sont une urgence médico-chirurgicale et leur prise en charge est complexe et pluridisciplinaire. La prévention et le diagnostic précoce peuvent contribuer à réduire la morbi-mortalité.

An integrated assessment of leprosy, Buruli ulcer, and yaws around the irrigated perimeters of Bagré and Kompienga in Burkina Faso.

Burkina Faso shares its borders with six countries that regularly report cases of Buruli ulcer, yaws, and leprosy (Hansen disease), three neglected tropical diseases with dermatological manifestations. Treatment of leprosy has shown excellent results, and it appears to be essentially eliminated. The same cannot be said for Buruli ulcer or yaws, the epidemiology of which remains poorly elucidated. In this context, it was essential to review the situation of these three diseases through a joint survey in the health districts bordering the Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and the irrigated areas around the dams of Kompienga and Bagré. Our team led a disease survey in these irrigated areas, and we report the results. To determine the current scale of the Buruli ulcer, leprosy, and yaws in the irrigated areas around these two dams and to formulate recommendations. This single-pass survey from April 10-18 was a transverse descriptive study, with sampling based on proximity to the dams. Overall, 1482 people were consulted. Among them, 413 (27.9%) presented dermatosis, distributed as follows: 28 suspected cases of yaws (6.8%), 7 suspected cases of Buruli ulcer (1.7%), 1 case of multibacillary leprosy (0.24%) in an 8-year-old girl, and 377 cases of other dermatoses, dominated by those of fungal origin. A large-scale investigation including all other irrigated areas might make it possible to understand the real situation.

[Epidemiology of maxillo-facial traumatism s sequels at stomatology and maxillo-facial surgery service of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center]. / Epidémiologie des séquelles de traumatismes maxillo-faciaux au service de stomatologie et chirurgie maxillo-faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (Burkina Faso).

Introduction: Our study brings back the epidemiological and anatomo-clinical characteristics of the maxillo-facial traumatisms sequels at Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center of Ouagadougou. Methodology: It was a transversal descriptive study going from May 2013 to April 2015. Results and Discussion: In all, 152 cases of post traumatisms sequels were collected. The masculine sex was more affected with a sex-ratio of 2,53. The mean age was 30,80 years. The public road accidents (73,68%) were the main etiology of initial lesions. The isolated functional and morphological sequels respectively represented 1/3 and 1/6 of cases. Half of patients had mixed sequels. The odontological sequels (41,45%), the disgracious scars (93,68%), the neurological sequels (15,79%), the ocular sequels (11,18%), and the temporo-mandibular ankylosis were the main sequels found in our study. These sequels could be explained by the nature of initial lesions and the lateness of consultations. Conclusion: Development of population's awareness and close interdisciplinary collaboration helped to reduce the frequency of these sequels.

[Tooth decay: epidemiological and therapeutic aspects in dental service of University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo and Municipal Centre of Oral Health]. / La carie dentaire: aspects épidémiologiques et thérapeutiques aux services de chirurgie dentaire du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo et du Centre Municipal de santé bucco-dentaire.

INTRODUCTION: In order to improve the prevention and treatment of dental caries in Burkina Faso, we conducted a study on the epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of dental caries in the dental services of University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo and in the Municipal Centre of Oral Health of Ouagadougou. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective and descriptive study from October, 15th 2012 to January, 15th 2013 was conducted on a sample of 191 patients. The variables recorded were: patient's identity, age, sex, area of residence, food mode, socioeconomic level, reason for consultation, oral hygiene, DMFT index, degree of tissue damage, the topography of the carious lesions and the applied therapy. RESULTS: Caries prevalence was 93.19% more female consultations, with sex ratio at 0.77. The average age was 31 years for a sample often engaged in trade and the informal sector. Carious lesions were usually limited to less than 4 teeth. The main motivation for the consultation was pain at 82.20%. CONCLUSION: The use of preventive care is quite low in our population. Extractions still occupy an important part of treatment. We need to improve oral hygiene and show to patients the necessity of routine visits to the dentist every year for early treatment.

[Epidemiology and clinic of dental extractions in University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, (Burkina Faso)]. / Aspects épiémiologiques et cliniques des extractions dentaires au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo (Burkina Faso).

INTRODUCTION: The consequences of tooth loss are often severe for the patient: aesthetic deficit, decreased masticatory coefficient, malnutrition... The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of dental extractions of patients attending the University Teaching Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo (UTHYO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study on a sample of 65 patients who received a dental extraction at least in dental surgery of the UTHYO. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 33 (50.8%) patients female to 32 (49.2%) cases of male, or a sex ratio of 0.96. The average age was 36,55 year-old with extremes of 5 and 84 years. Employees and pupils were the most affected by extractions (33 cases; 47,8% and 22 cases; 33,8%). Dental extractions were more frequent in patients aged between 25 and 60 years. A total of 84 tooth extraction was performed in 65 patients, an average of 1.3 tooth extracted per patient. The most often extracted tooth was the third lower molar (17 cases, 22,95%). The canine was the less often extracted tooth (1 case, 1,35%). Dental decay and its complications (57 cases, 67,87%) and periodontal diseases (10 cases, 11,90%) were the commonest reasons for dental extractions. CONCLUSION: Dental decay and periodontal diseases are the most important causes of dental extractions. Particular emphasis should be placed on prevention and early care of teeth.

Distinct hydro-osmotic receptors for the neurohypophysial peptides vasotocin and hydrins in the frog Rana esculenta.

The biological properties of vasotocin, hydrin 1 (vasotocinyl-Gly-Lys-Arg) and hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly), in particular the hydro-osmotic activities on the frog skin, the frog urinary bladder and the frog kidney, have been compared. Hydrins are as active or more active than vasotocin on the first two organs but they are virtually devoid of antidiuretic activity in the rat and the frog, in contrast to vasotocin. It appears that where the oxytocin ring (residues 1-6), present in the three peptides, is necessary for the action on the three organs, the C-terminal amidated group of vasotocin is necessary for the renal receptor but not for the skin and bladder receptors. It is known that amphibians have two types of vasotocin receptors, V1 and V2, homologous to the vascular/hepatic V1 and the renal V2 vasopressin receptors of mammals, respectively. We suggest that adaptation has led to specialization of (at least) two subtypes of hydro-osmotic V2 receptors, the renal subtype on which vasotocin is mainly active for the reabsorption of tubular water, and the skin/bladder subtype on which hydrin 2 is specifically involved in ensuring the rehydration of the animal. Cooperative evolution might have created in anuran Amphibia, on the one hand, two hydro-osmotic peptides, vasotocin and hydrin 2, derived from a single precursor through differential processing; and on the other hand, two corresponding receptors in kidney and skin for internal and external water recovery.

A new neurohypophysial peptide, seritocin ([Ser5,Ile8]-oxytocin), identified in a dryness-resistant African toad, Bufo regularis.

From the pituitary neurointermediate lobe of the African toad Bufo regularis, vasotocin, hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) and a mesotocin-like peptide have been isolated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry, amino acid sequence and chromatographic coelution with synthetic peptides. The mesotocin-like peptide has been identified as [Ser5,Ile8]-oxytocin in place of mesotocin ([Ile8]-oxytocin) found in all other amphibians investigated to date. The name seritocin is suggested. The molecule is virtually devoid of oxytocic activity on rat uterus in contrast to mesotocin. On the other hand, the molar ratio of hydrin 2 to vasotocin in the pituitary reaches 2, whereas it is about 1 in toads and frogs from temperate regions. B. regularis is an anuran species able to withstand a hot and dry season by burrowing. The possible relationship between occurrence of seritocin and adaptation to arid environment remains to be demonstrated.

Differential processing of provasotocin: relative increase of hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) in amphibians able to adapt to an arid environment.

Hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) is an intermediate in pro-vasotocin processing found, along with vasotocin, only in the neurohypophysis of anuran amphibians. It increases cutaneous water permeability in the frog and is likely involved in neuroendocrine control of osmoregulation. The relative amounts of vasotocin and hydrin 2 stored in neurohypophysis have been measured on the one hand in amphibian species known not to adapt in dry areas, on the other hand in two species, Bufo regularis (Africa) and Bufo viridis (Near-East) able to survive in an arid environment. In the first group, the proportions of the two peptides are approximately equal whereas in the two toads the molar ratio hydrin 2 to vasotocin reaches 2. The ratio does not appear to vary significantly when these toads are either submitted to dehydration or placed in saline solutions. Predominance of hydrin 2 suggests an adaptive decrease of the activity of the alpha-amidating enzymatic system involved in the conversion of vasotocinyl-Gly into mature amidated vasotocin.

Vasotocin and hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) in the African toad Bufo regularis: study under various environmental conditions.

1. The neurohypophysial osmoregulatory hormones of the African toad Bufo regularis, a species adapted to estivate under dry and hot conditions, have been investigated. Vasotocin and hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) have been identified by their retention times in high-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography and coelution with synthetic peptides, their pharmacological properties (vasotocin) and microsequencing. 2. Vasotocin-associated neurophysin (MSEL-neurophysin type) has been characterized by its N-terminal amino acid sequence. 3. In toads subjected to dehydration by evaporation (20% weight loss) or to osmotic stress by immersion in 2% NaCl for 3 hr (6% weight loss), the molar ratio hydrin 2/vasotocin (about 2:1) remained similar to the one observed in control animals. 4. In toads exposed to saline solution, there was a large decrease (roughly 30%) in the amounts of both hormones in the neuro-hypophysis. Environmental conditions for distinct secretions of vasotocin and hydrin 2 remain to be found.

[Adaptative differential maturation of neurohypophyseal provasotocin in amphibians: presence of hydrin 2(vasotocinyl-glycine) in anura but not in urodela]. / Maturation différentielle adaptative de la provasotocine neurohypophysaire chez les amphibiens: présence de l'hydrine 2 (vasotocinyl-glycine) chez les anoures mais pas chez les urodèles.

Occurrence of hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-glycine), an intermediate in the provasotocin processing, has been shown in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of semi-aquatic or terrestrial amphibian species belonging to the order Anura, namely Rana esculenta, R. temporaria, R. pipiens (Ranidae), and Bufo bufo, B. marinus, B. ictericus (Bufonidae). In contrast hydrin 2 appears absent in species belonging to the order Urodela, namely the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum (Ambystomidae) and the pleurodele newt, Pleurodela waltlii (Salamandridae). Whereas water transport through the skin and the urinary bladder is stimulated by vasotocin and hydrin 2 in anuran species, this stimulation is known not to occur in urodele species.

[Lupus disease in Abidjan. Apropos of 3 new case reports]. / La maladie lupique à Abidjan. A propos de 3 nouvelles observations.

Three new cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, all observed en 1986, are reported. So the incidence of this disease seems to be increased. Clinical features do not show any particularity and hyperthermia; cutaneous manifestations, arthralgia and renal impairment must be emphasized. Urinary infection is frequent. Among the biological features, antinuclear antibodies are positive in the three cases. Glucocorticosteroid therapy was efficient at short term, with unfortunately side effects which lead to stop the treatment.