[Phenological characteristics of airborne pollen and its relationship with meteorological factors in Haidian District, Beijing, China during the period of 2012-2016]. / 2012­2016å¹´æµ·æ·€åŒºæ°”ä¼ èŠ±ç²‰ç‰©å€™ç‰¹å¾åŠå ¶ä¸Žæ°”è±¡è¦ç´ çš„å ³ç³».

We monitored the type and content of airborne pollen in Haidian District, Beijing City from 2012 to 2016 by the gravity precipitation method, and analyzed the variety of pollen, peak distribution features and changes of its content, and discontinuous variation of concentration. Multiple time scale analysis was carried out for pollen concentration by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD). The relationship between pollen concentration and meteorological factors was analyzed. The results indicated that during the research period, the main types of airborne pollen changed. Woody plants such as Cupressaceae and Salicaceae instead of herbaceous plants contributed the most content of pollen. There was no significant change of the yearly peak distribution of pollen concentration. The concentration in recent five years reduced, while the concentration of herbaceous plants (such as Scolopacjdae) increased. During the statistics period, pollen concentration showed discontinuous changes in early April, late May and early August. Pollen concentration had the change cycle of quasi 2 d, quasi 51 d and quasi 128 d. Among all meteorological factors, temperature played a dominant role in driving the concentration, which may significantly rise during 16 to 18 ℃. The impact of temperature changes on the daily concentration may be delayed and continuous; it is often highly related to the concentration 2-7 d later. Sunshine duration and wind speed had the most significant impact on daily pollen concentration.

Incidence of allergic rhinitis and meteorological variables: Non-linear correlation and non-linear regression analysis based on Yunqi theory of chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlations between the incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and meteorological variables of previous periods, so as to establish non-linear prediction equations of AR in Beijing area. METHODS: AR patients (10,478 cases) collected from Beijing Tongren Hospital during 2007-2010 and meteorological data (including daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily relative humidity, daily average vapor pressure, daily dew point temperature, daily precipitation, daily average wind speed, sea level pressure, and degree of comfort) collected from Beijing Municipal Meteorological Observatory in the same periods were used for the analysis. Non-linear correlation and regression were adopted to analyze the relationship between AR incidence and meteorological variables of former six-qi stage which was defined according to Yunqi theory of Chinese medicine. Comprehensive meteorological parameter was introduced to establish the predictive model. RESULTS: The high incidence of AR appeared in the 4th qi stage (from the Beginning of Autumn to Autumn Equinox), while the changes of meteorological variables appeared in the 3rd qi stage (from Grain in Beard to Greater Heat), which advanced one phase. The incidence of AR was closely associated with vapor pressure. The correlation coeffifi cients of two predictive models were between 0.8931-0.9176 and all of them have passed signififi cant statistical tests, which showed a satisfactory fifi tting effect. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive meteorological parameters can be used to forecast AR incidence, which is benefifi cial to AR prevention.

[Grading forecast research for pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis directed by meteorological elements].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and onset of allergic rhinitis (AR), and to establish the prediction of AR epideminlogical trend. METHODS: According to skin prick test (SPT) data of AR from Beijing Tongren Hospital and meteorological data of Beijing Observatory (2007 -2010) , analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and onset in patients with AR. To analyze the probability distribution of onset in AR patients, and establish the grade of AR epideminlogical trend index. SPSS 16. O software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The peak of onset in patients with AR appeared in 15 - 30 th August. There was significant correlation between the onset of AR patients and air temperature and vapor pressure(r = 0. 7473, F = 206. 13; r =0. 8465, F = 321. 04; all P < 0. 001) , and the peak of air temperature and vapor pressure were one month earlier than the peak of onset AR patients in 4 years. According to the above correlation, nonlinear prediction models of AR were established; used probability grading method, onset index of AR was divided into 4 grades. CONCLUSION: Index grade forecast of AR onset has important guiding significance for AR diagnosis and prophylaxis, offers objective reference information for health departments.

[Correlation between symptoms of pollen allergic rhinitis and pollen grain spreading in summer and autumn].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between airborne pollen concentrations and symptoms in patients with pollen allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Durhum sampler was used to collect the pollen concentration and species from June to September in 2011. The clinical skin prick test (SPT) data were analyzed. The patients with pollen allergic rhinitis were divided into pure pollen allergic rhinitis group (pollen group) and pollen combined perennial allergens allergic rhinitis group (combined group). Symptom scores of patients were assessed, and correlation between pollen concentration and onset of symptoms of patients were analyzed. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: While the peak of Summer-Autumn pollen concentration appeared from August 20 to September 15, the major pollen included Artemisia L, Chenopodium album and Humulus scandens. The peak of pollen concentration in one day reached 638/1000 mm(2). The patients taken SPT from June to September accounted for 51.9% of the patients in whole year, among which SPT pollen positive patients were 1509, 60.7% of all SPT positive patients. The amount and rate of SPT positive patients showed significant correlation with pollen concentration(r value were 0.90 and 0.99, both P < 0.05). Onset of symptoms in two groups was correlated with pollen concentration in Summer-Autumn. Symptoms of cough in combined group showed more severe compared with patients with pollen group (t = 2.36, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pollen concentration has a major effect on onset of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Airborne pollen monitoring has important preventive and therapeutic significance on patients with allergic rhinitis.

[Long-term efficacy of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis: a 3-year prospective study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DerP) in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with allergic rhinitis to DerP were randomly allocated to receive either specific immunotherapy (n = 46) or medical treatment (n = 46). Symptom and medication scores and skin response to Derp were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy in the baseline and after three years treatment. DerP-specific IgE and IgG4 were measured. RESULTS: After three years treatment, the immunotherapy group showed sustained reductions in symptom scores (before treatment 9.20 [7.50;11.13], after treatment 3.32 [2.49;5.12], Z = -5.13, P < 0.05), medication scores (before treatment 0.72 [0.47;0.83], after treatment 0.31 [0.28;0.45], Z = -5.78, P < 0.05) and specific skin response to Derp (t = 6.37, P < 0.05) when compared with control group. There were no differences in the level of serum specific IgE before and after three-year treatment (before treatment 16.32 [4.34;38.65] kU/L, after treatment 15.85 [4.93;46.27] kU/L, Z = -0.84, P > 0.05), but the level of serum specific IgG4 increased significantly after one year treatment in immunotherapy group (before treatment 486 [319;1439] AU/L, after treatment 8387 [7732;16 634] AU/L, Z = -2.81, P < 0.05). After three-year treatment, 7.5% (3/40) of patients had asthma in immunotherapy group compared to 27.8% (10/36) in the control group (χ(2) = 5.50, P < 0.05), and 15.0% of the initially DerP nonsensitized patients in immunotherapy group had developed new sensitization compared to 47.2% in the control group (χ(2) = 9.32, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Three years immunotherapy improves allergic rhinitis symptoms, increases the level of serum specific IgG4, reduces the development of asthma and new sensitization.

[Clinical efficacy and immunological changes in children with allergic rhinitis receiving specific immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and immunological changes of children receiving subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. METHODS: Sixty-four children with allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) were randomly allocated to receive either specific immunotherapy (n = 32) or medical treatment (n = 32). Symptom and medication scores were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy in the baseline and after one year treatment. Total IgE, Der p-specific IgE, and specific IgG4 were measured. RESULTS: Immunotherapy reduced the symptom (the scores reduced from 10[9;11] to 4[3;6]) and medication score (the scores reduced from 0.76[0.61;0.90] to 0.35[0.30;0.43]) in children with allergic rhinitis significantly(Z value were -4.80 and -4.74, respectively, each P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in symptom and medication scores between both groups after one year treatment (U value were 155.00 and 139.50, respectively, each P < 0.01). There were no differences in levels of serum total IgE, specific IgE before and after one year treatment, but the level of serum specific IgG4 increased significantly after one year treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy with standardized extract is efficacious to treat children sensitive to Der p, allergen-specific IgG4 is significant as immunological marker to predict efficacy of immunotherapy.

[Comparative study on cluster and conventional immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic rhinitis].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of a 6-week cluster schedule of specific immunotherapy with that of a 14-week conventional schedule for the treatment of subjects with persistent allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS: The trial was a prospective and randomized study involving 80 patients with persistent AR, who were allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. While 40 patients were randomly assigned to the cluster schedule reaching the maintenance dose within 6 weeks, the other 40 patients were randomly assigned to the conventional schedule reaching the maintenance dose within 14 weeks. Symptom scores and medication scores were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Serum specific IgG4 level was examined to mark immunologic change, adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment. RESULTS: Cluster group achieved clinical efficacy (reducing symptom scores and medication score) and increasing serum specific IgG4 sooner (after 6 weeks treatment). During the incremental dose phase, there were 6 systemic adverse reactions (1.12% of all injection) in 3 patients in cluster group and there were 5 systemic adverse reactions (0.85% of all injection) in 3 patients in conventional group. No severe systemic reactions occurred in both group. There was no difference between the 2 groups in frequency or type of systemic reaction (χ(2) = 0.333, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The cluster schedule is a safe alternative to the conventional schedule with the advantage of achieving clinical efficacy sooner.