[Resistance patterns of various bacteria isolated from slaughtering and breeding calves]. / Resistentiepatronen van enkele uit vlees- en fokkalveren geïsoleerde bacteriën.

The development of sensitivity to antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents of a number of important pathogens isolated from veal and replacement calves showed adverse features. This impression is gained when the results of sensitivity testing of these bacteria during the past twenty years are compared. The findings were provided by the Animal Health Service in the Province of Gelderland.

An analysis of the possible effects of different feed upon the excretion of salmonella bacteria in clinically normal groups of fattening pigs.

Fattening pigs are frequently contaminated with salmonella bacteria. In 1983 and 1984 some 40 pig fattening farms in the Dutch province of Gelderland were examined to test the hypothesis that acidic byproducts from the dairy industry could influence the degree of contamination in groups of fattening pigs. Clear differences were observed: first salmonella was found in a lower percentage of farms using whey as part of the feed mix (40%) than on farms using only water (80%). Of the farms on which salmonella bacteria were demonstrated, the percentage of positive samples was lower for the 'whey' farms than for the 'water' farms (19.4% compared with 64.1%).

[Sleeper syndrome in beef cattle; meningoencephalitis caused by Haemophilus somnus]. / 'Sleeper syndroom' bij vleesstieren; meningoencephalitis veroorzaakt door Haemophilus somnus.

Central nervous system disturbances, among which somnolence was a particularly marked feature, were observed in a herd of four-month-old beef cattle. Laboratory studies showed that the clinical picture was due to meningo-encephalitis, from which Haemophilus somnus was isolated. Other animals of this herd showed a serological response with regard to the micro-organism. The importance of further studies on the incidence of this infection in the Netherlands is stressed.

[The litter - Aspergillus - mastitis]. / Strooisel - aspergillus - mastitis.

A number of cases of bovine mastitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus are reported. The animals showed considerably swollen hard quarters associated with the production of large quantities of watery secretion and symptoms of systemic disease. Both intramammary and systemic treatment with several antibacterial agents failed to produce any improvement, nor did an antimycotic administered by intramammary route result in improvement. Severe mastitis marked by mycotic lesions was observed on slaughter, and the causative agent was found to be present again. Contamination had apparently originated from the litter (sawdust), and infection resulting from intramammary treatment could not be ruled out. The role pf predisposing factors and the fact that Aspergillus is common fungus in various types of litter are stressed.

[Field experience using an inactivated vaccine in Aujeszky's disease vaccination of cattle (author's transl)]. / Praktijk-ervaringen met een geïnactiveerd vaccin voor de enting van runderen tegen de ziekte van Aujeszky.

In the autumn of 1979, approximately, 400 animals on twenty farms were inoculated twice against Aujeszky's disease using an inactivated vaccine in a practice in the Achterhoek (province of Gelderland). The animals vaccinated were mainly yearlings and heifers on farms on which cattle and pigs could not be effectively separated. Adverse reactions to vaccination, other than a slight to moderate increase in body temperature, were not observed. Outbreaks did not occur in vaccinated cattle during the 1979-1980 winter season; on the other hand, Aujeszky's disease was observed in the pigs on a number of farms. The serological effects of vaccination were followed up in forty-one animals on sixteen farms. Very high antibody titres were attained, particularly after the second vaccination. Antibody titres continued to be recorded after twelve months in a number of the animals followed.

[Bacteria and their antibiograms (author's transl)]. / Bacteriën en hun antibiogram.

The antibiograms of the most important pathogenic bacteria isolated from pigs and cattle in the laboratory of the Animal Health Service of the province of Gelderland during the period from 1974 up to and including 1979 are reviewed. The findings are compared with those during a previous period. Adverse developments were not found to be present as regards P. multocida, B. bronchiseptica, H. parahaemolyticus, streptococci and S. typhimurium in pigs. Only pathogenic E. coli as the causative organism of oedema disease (colibacillary) enterotoxaemia) showed reduced sensitivity to co-trimoxazole; an increase in sensitivity to streptomycin, tetracycline and neomycin was observed. The pattern of pathogenic E. coli in breeding calves showed a variable, through on the whole not so favourable picture. There was a negative development as regards S. dublin in veal calves in view of the fact that sensitivity, particularly that to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, but also that to furazolidone and co-trimazole, had diminished. In the case of S. typhimurium, there was a relationship between the sensitivity pattern and a number of phage types. Ever since 1977, P. haemolytica has shown a diminishing and partly variable sensitivity to penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and sulphonamide. This was the case to a far less extent with P. multocida.

[Findings in an outbreak of salmonellosis due to S. dublin in veal calves in the province of Gelderland (author's transl)]. / Enkele gegevens over een Salmonella dublin epizoötie bij vleeskalveren in Gelderland.

An outbreak of salmonellosis caused by S. dublin has been prevalent in the Province of Gelderland ever since the end of 1975. The clinical picture is marked by general disease and respiratory symptoms, variations in temperature and diarrhoea which was present in not more than approximately 20 per cent of the cases. The most satisfactory results of treatment were obtained on administration of a sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim compound and colistin. Mortality averaged 16 per cent, the flock continuing to be affected with the disease for six weeks. In addition to enteritis, septicaemia and pneumonia were outstanding features in post-mortem studies. S. dublin was detected particularly in the liver, spleen and kidney. The sensitivity pattern showed a marked decrease during the past six to seven years, particularly sensitivity to chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ampicillin. The greater part of the strains were only sensitive to colistin, furazolidone and a sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim compound. This increase in resistance is discussed, and it is attributed to mass administration of antibodies rather than to transfer of resistance due to R-factors.

[A case of anthrax in a dog (author's transl)]. / Miltvuur bij de hond

A case of anthrax in a dog is described. The origin of infection, clinical symptoms and post mortem changes are discussed. B. anthracis was found in the carbuncle of the stomach wall, mesenterial lymphnodes, blood, liver and kidney.

[Problems of resistance (author's transl)]. / Resistentieproblemen

The results of sensitivity tests performed during the period from 1970 up to 1973 inclusive are compared with those obtained in pervious years. This showed that resistance to penicillin had increased in staphylococci causing bovine mastitis. During each single year, however, there was a decrease. S. typhimurium isolated from cattle showed increased resistance to chloramphenicol, neomycin and ampicillin; S. dublin showed an increase in resistance to chloramphenicol. E. coli isolated from calves with coli-bacillosis had become less sensitive to all the antibiotics studied. Pathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from swine also showed increased resistance, among others to tetracycline, neomycin and ampicillin. The danger constituted by this development and the factthat comparison with the results obtained by other presents difficulties in some cases are stressed.