A Study on Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity Comparison of Novel Stilbenebenzamide Compounds.

BACKGROUND: Stilbene phytalexis (1,2-diphenyloethylen) and benzamide are beneficial for human health. To increase the stilbene ring activity, a new series of its derivatives containing benzamide structure was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant power. METHODS: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and chromatographic analyses were used to confirm the successful synthesis. The antioxidant properties were determined by the elimination of O2˙-, HO˙ , DPPH˙ , ABTS+˙ radicals, total antioxidant status (TAS) and the ferric reducing antioxidant activities (TAC) measurements. RESULTS: Stilbenebenzamide compounds showed a wide spectrum of antioxidant ability; however, their total antioxidant power was weaker than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid, and resveratrol. The highest antiradical activity towards O2˙ and HO˙ was shown by the compounds with structures containing amine group (SBEBA, SBA) (O2˙: 37.7 - 38.0% and 40.8 - 43.5%, HO˙ : 29.8%, 28.7% inhibition, respectively) at1.25 mM concentration. The antiradical power of SBEBA (0.29) in DPPH˙ assay was lower than those of resveratrol (1.83), ascorbic acid (3.63) and BHT (4.09). The TAS values of the synthesized compounds ranged from 152.9±5.3 to 240.2±6.7µM trolox equivalent/gram (TE/g) and were much lower than those of BHT (1304±43.0), reservatrol (1360±29.0) and ascorbic acid (2782±39.7) µM TE/g. Similarly, the TAC values ranging from 29.7±0.9 to 41.5±1.6 µM TE were weaker than that of resveratrol (239.2 ±6.7 µM TE/g). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the presence of the hydroxyl group in the stilbene ring should be considered in the further design of stilbenebenzamide compounds to enhance their antioxidant activity.

A New Approach to the Prophylaxis of Cyclic Vomiting: Topiramate.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate and propranolol in preventing pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective medical-record review of patients who underwent prophylaxis after receiving a diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome was performed. Patients who completed at least 12 months of treatment were included in the analysis. Responder rate, and adverseevent rates were also calculated from all patients. Response to treatment was assessed as the total number of vomiting attacks per year. Patients in whom the frequency of vomiting attack reduced greater or equal to 50% were defined as responders, and the remaining patients were classified as nonresponders. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients who were treated prophylactically with either topiramate (16 patients) or propranolol (22 patients) were identified. Fifty-nine percent of the patients in the propranolol group and 81% of the patients in the topiramate group reported freedom from attacks. A decrease of more than 50% in attacks per year occurred in 23% of patients in the propranolol group and 13% of patients in the topiramate group. The responder rates were 81% for propranolol group and 94% for topiramate group (P = 0.001). Despite minor adverse effects (drowsiness, nervousness, and dizziness) observed in a few patients, the adverse event rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.240). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of topiramate was superior to propranolol for the prophylaxis of pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome.

A New Approach to the Prophylaxis of Cyclic Vomiting: Topiramate

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of topiramate and propranolol in preventing pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective medical-record review of patients who underwent prophylaxis after receiving a diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome was performed. Patients who completed at least 12 months of treatment were included in the analysis. Responder rate, and adverse-event rates were also calculated from all patients. Response to treatment was assessed as the total number of vomiting attacks per year. Patients in whom the frequency of vomiting attack reduced greater or equal to 50% were defined as responders, and the remaining patients were classified as nonresponders. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients who were treated prophylactically with either topiramate (16 patients) or propranolol (22 patients) were identified. Fifty-nine percent of the patients in the propranolol group and 81% of the patients in the topiramate group reported freedom from attacks. A decrease of more than 50% in attacks per year occurred in 23% of patients in the propranolol group and 13% of patients in the topiramate group. The responder rates were 81% for propranolol group and 94% for topiramate group (P = 0.001). Despite minor adverse effects (drowsiness, nervousness, and dizziness) observed in a few patients, the adverse event rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.240). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of topiramate was superior to propranolol for the prophylaxis of pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome.

[Oral ketamine-midazolam premedication of uncooperative patients in major outpatient surgery]. / Premedicación con ketamina-midazolam oral en pacientes no colaboradores en cirugía mayor ambulatoria.

BACKGROUND: Currently, ketamine is not often used as an anesthetic. Its clinical characteristics and mechanism of action largely depend on antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of oral ketamine as a preanesthetic agent to lower surgical stress for patients with mental disability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective study of 112 mentally disabled patients undergoing major dental surgery on an outpatient basis. The study group received oral midazolam, ibuprofen, and 6 mg/kg of ketamine; the control group received only midazolam and ibuprofen. We recorded data concerning demographics, anesthesia, surgery, physiologic variables, Glasgow score, time of onset of anxiolysis, duration of stay in the recovery ward, and adverse events. RESULTS: Conservative odontologic treatment was provided in 66.3% of the cases. Seventy-one patients (64.4%) were in the control group and 41 patients (36.6%) in the study group. Hemodynamic, respiratory, and neurologic changes were minimal and there were no significant between-group differences. Level of sedation differed significantly between groups (P = .001) at 15 and 30 minutes; differences were also observed within the study group. Mean (SD) duration of surgery was 72.6 (29.7) minutes. Mean duration of stay in the postoperative recovery ward was 140.9 (52.1) minutes (135.8 [54.89] minutes in the study group and 144.2 [50.5] minutes in the control group). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral ketamine is an effective premedication for major ambulatory surgery and does not increase the incidence of side effects.

Premedicación con ketamina-midazolam oral en pacientes no colaboradores en cirugía mayor ambulatoria / Oral ketamine-midazolam premedication of uncooperative patients in major outpatient surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN: La ketamina es un fármaco con una baja utilización actualmente como anestésico. Sus características clínicas y mecanismo de acción dependen en gran parte de su efecto antagonista en el receptor del Nmetil- D-aspartato. OBJETIVO: Valorar la idoneidad de la ketamina vía oral como agente preanestésico para la atenuación del estrés quirúrgico en pacientes discapacitados psíquicos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de 112 pacientes discapacitados psíquicos intervenidos de cirugía odontológica en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Se incluyeron dos grupos, la premedicación con midazolam e ibuprofeno vía oral (grupo control), y la adicción a los anteriores de ketamina oral a dosis de 6 mg/kg (grupo de estudio). Se recogieron datos demográficos, anestésicos, quirúrgicos, variables fisiológicas, escala de Glasgow, tiempo de inicio de ansiolisis, así como el tiempo de estancia en la sala de recuperación e incidentes. RESULTADOS: En el 66,3% de los pacientes se realizó tratamiento odontológico conservador. Setenta y un pacientes (64,4%) correspondieron al grupo control y 41 pacientes (36,6%) al grupo de estudio. Los cambios hemodinámicos, respiratorios y neurológicos fueron mínimos, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos. Entre ambos grupos e intragrupo en el grado de sedación a los 15 y 30 minutos en el grupo de estudio (p=0,0001) hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. El tiempo medio de la cirugía fue de 72,6±29,7 minutos. La permanencia de los pacientes en las salas de Reanimación postquirúrgica y de readaptación al medio fue de 140,9±52,1 minutos (135,8±54,89 minutos en el grupo de estudio y de 144,2±50,5 minutos en el grupo control). No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la aparición de efectos adversos. CONCLUSIONES: La ketamina vía oral es eficaz en la premedicación en cirugía mayor ambulatoria sin conllevar un aumento de efectos adversos(AU)

BACKGROUND: Currently, ketamine is not often used as an anesthetic. Its clinical characteristics and mechanism of action largely depend on antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Objective: To evaluate the utility of oral ketamine as a preanesthetic agent to lower surgical stress for patients with mental disability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective study of 112 mentally disabled patients undergoing major dental surgery on an outpatient basis. The study group received oral midazolam, ibuprofen, and 6 mg/kg of ketamine; the control group received only midazolam and ibuprofen. We recorded data concerning demographics, anesthesia, surgery, physiologic variables, Glasgow score, time of onset of anxiolysis, duration of stay in the recovery ward, and adverse events. RESULTS: Conservative odontologic treatment was provided in 66.3% of the cases. Seventy-one patients (64.4%) were in the control group and 41 patients (36.6%) in the study group. Hemodynamic, respiratory, and neurologic changes were minimal and there were no significant between-group differences. Level of sedation differed significantly between groups (P=.001) at 15 and 30 minutes; differences were also observed within the study group. Mean (SD) duration of surgery was 72.6 (29.7) minutes. Mean duration of stay in the postoperative recovery ward was 140.9 (52.1) minutes (135.8 [54.89] minutes in the study group and 144.2 [50.5] minutes in the control group). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral ketamine is an effective premedication for major ambulatory surgery and does not increase the incidence of side effects(AU)

Influence of fat replacers on chemical composition, proteolysis, texture profiles, meltability and sensory properties of low-fat Kashar cheese.

Changes in chemical composition, proteolysis, lipolysis, texture, melting and sensory properties of low-fat Kashar cheese made with three different fat replacers (Simplesse D-100, Avicel Plus CM 2159 or beta-glucan) were investigated throughout ripening. The low-fat cheeses made with fat replacers were compared with full- and low-fat counterparts as controls. Reduction of fat caused increases in moisture and protein contents and decreases in moisture-in-non fat substance and yield values in low-fat cheeses. The use of fat replacers in the manufacture of low-fat Kashar cheese increased water binding capacity and improved overall quality of the cheeses. Use of fat replacer in low-fat cheese making has enhanced cheese proteolysis. All samples underwent lipolysis during ripening and low-fat cheeses with fat replacers had higher level of total free fatty acid than full- or low-fat control cheeses. Texture attributes and meltability significantly increased with addition of fat replacers. Sensory scores showed that the full-fat cheese was awarded best in all stages of ripening and low-fat variant of Kashar cheeses have inferior quality. However, fat replacers except beta-glucan improved the appearance, texture and flavour attributes of low-fat cheeses. When the fat replacers are compared, the low-fat cheese with Avicel Plus CM 2159 was highly acceptable and had sensory attributes closest to full-fat Kashar cheese.