Utilization of neurosonography for evaluation of the corpus callosum malformations in the era of fetal magnetic resonance imaging.

AIM: We evaluated the ability of fetal neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to asses callosal anomalies (CA) and associated cranial malformations. We also aimed to determine the long-term prognosis of the cases. METHODS: Thirty-six cases of CA diagnosed combined with neurosonography and MRI between January 2012 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Seventeen of 36 fetuses were diagnosed complete agenesis of corpus callosum (CACC) (47.2%), 9 had partial agenesis of corpus callosum (PACC) (25%) and 10 was dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC) (27.2%) at ultrasonography (US) examination. Fetal MRI reported 16 of cases as CACC (44.4%), 11 PACC (30.5%) and nine (25%) DCC. The overall consistency between neurosonography and MRI in the definition of CA were 91% of cases. Sulcation anomalies were present in 9 cases in the US (25%) and 11 cases in MRI (30.4%). Seven of cases showed posterior fossa abnormalities in the US (19.4%) and eight cases in MRI (22.1%). Neonatal MRI added new findings to fetal MRI and neurosonography including grade-1 intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in two cases (12.5%). Eighteen cases were terminated (50%), 17 cases were followed up and mean follow up interval was 39 ± 5.1 months. The neurologic outcome was abnormal in seven (41.7%) patients. Presence of associated brain anomalies worsened the prognosis. CONCLUSION: Fetal neurosonography has a comparable performance with MRI in the diagnosis of CA and associated anomalies. It should be used in collaboration with MRI to achieve accurate diagnosis which is crucial for counseling.

Prenatal diagnosis of periventricular nodular heterotopia in borderline ventriculomegaly using sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is usually missed on prenatal sonographic examinations, even on targeted scans. Irregular ventricular walls on axial view and irregular square-shaped lateral ventricles on coronal view are suggestive of PNH in the early third trimester. To achieve an early prenatal diagnosis, it is important to keep in mind the possible coexistence of PNH with brain malformations such as ventriculomegaly, posterior fossa anomalies, or agenesis of corpus callosum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:510-513, 2016.

Type IV Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Associated with Urogenital Sinus: Difficulties in the Prenatal Differential Diagnosis.

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is being more often detected due to availability of prenatal ultrasonography. Type IV SCT could be misdiagnosed as cloacal abnormalities due to the pelvic midline cystic mass associated with renal malformations and obstructive uropathy during the pregnancy. We discuss difficulties in the prenatal differential diagnosis of SCT and urogenital sinus in a 26-year-old pregnant woman, admitted to our prenatal diagnosis centre for a detailed US for a pre-sacral mass.

Diagnostic difficulties in a case of persistent cloaca with hydrocolpos.

Pelvic midline cystic mass associated with renal malformation represents typical imaging features of a cloacal anomaly. We report a case of persistent cloaca that was diagnosed antenatally with fetal ultrasonography and MRI.

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device insertion ameliorates leiomyoma-dependent menorrhagia among women of reproductive age without a significant regression in the uterine and leiomyoma volumes.

Levonorgestrel- (LNG) releasing intrauterine device (IUD) insertion revealed significant reduction in visual bleeding scores and spotting with an increase in amenorrhea and uterine pulsatility index scores. LNG-IUD can be considered as a simple and effective alternative to surgical treatment in the management of leiomyoma-dependent menorrhagia of reproductive-age women.