[Embryochorionic insufficiency: anatomic and physiologic prerequisites, rationale, definitions and pathogenetic mechanisms].

The paper provides a rationale for the new concept--embryochorionic insufficiency as a combined pathological response of extraembryonic structures and an embryo to different maternal exo- and endogenous disorders; it gives rise to early spontaneous abortions and non-developing pregnancies. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of embryochorionic insufficiency are: 1) endometrial structural incompetence; 2) dyschronism in the development of the extraembryonic coelom, amniotic cavity, yolk sac, and early placenta; 3) insufficient cytotrophoblast invasion; 4) discordant hemodynamic relationships; 5) blood rheological disorders; 6) local inflammation (endometritis); 7) oxidative stress; 8) secondary changes in the placental villi; 9) compensatory responses.

[Morphological and functional changes of organs of female and male reproductive systems at change of sex].

The aim of the study was to identify the effects of virilizing and feminizing hormone replacement therapy on the morphology and function of the male and female reproductive systems in the application of technology for change of sex. The results of the pathomorphorogic examination of the uterus with appendages, testes, the corpora cavernosa, and biopsies of the prostate and mammary glands at different times of treatment in transsexual patients aged from 22 to 43 years are presented. It was found that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of exogenous hormones in the women and men significantly increases the risk of tumors and tumor-like processes, such as endocervicosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, metaplasia of the endometrium, endocervical and endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, proliferative processes in tubular epithelium, ovarian polycystic disease, mammary tumors, hyperplasia and metaplasia of the ductal epithelium of the prostate gland.

[Placental changes in toxicoses in the second half of pregnancy]. / Izmeneniia platsenty pri toksikozakh vo vtoroi polovine beremennosti.

An investigation of 88 placentas in toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy has detected symptoms of the immune alteration detailed by means of an electron microscopic analysis and immunomorphological investigations with the help of luminescent sera against immunoglobulins A, M. G and C3 fraction of complement. The alterations found are indicative of the participation of immune mechanisms in the formation of placental insufficiency and their important role in pathogenesis of gestational toxicosis.

[Morphology of the chorion based on biopsy in threatened spontaneous abortion]. / Morfologiia khoriona pri ugroze samoproizvol'nogo preryvaniia beremennosti po dannym biopsii.

70 chorion biopsies (CB) were studied morphologically under the conditions of a spontaneous abortion. Within the first trimester of the pregnancy the diagnosis of progressing, regressing and non-perspective pregnancy proved possible. The comparison of the histological examination of biopsies, endometrium scrapes and placenta with clinico-biochemical results indicates an important diagnostical and prognostical value of CB helpful in choosing corrective therapy for conservation of the pregnancy under a favourable prognosis.

[Intravital diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease in an adult]. / Prizhiznennaia diagnostika bolezni Nimanna-Pika u vzroslogo.

An observation of the Niemann-Pick disease in a male of 53 is described. The disease developed latently, acute clinical symptoms were provoked by spontaneous rupture of the spleen containing numerous "accumulation" Pick cells. Diagnosis was established after histological examination of the operatively removed spleen.

[Local tumor-like amyloidosis of the lungs]. / Lokal'nyi opukholevidnyi amiloidoz legkikh.

Local tumour-like lung amyloidosis (LTLA) in a woman of 58 is presented. The disease was not diagnosed clinically. Multiple, well delineated tumour-like, macro- and micronodular foci of amyloidosis were found in the lung at necropsy. The peculiarity of this case is the combination of LTLA with hematogenously disseminated tuberculosis.