Computer Simulation of Catheter Cryoablation for Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

Cryoablation is a well-established medical procedure for surgically treating atrial fibrillation. Cryothermal catheter therapy induces cellular necrosis by freezing the insides of pulmonary veins, with the goal of disrupting abnormal electrical heart signals. Nevertheless, tissue damage induced by cold temperatures may also lead to other complications after cardiac surgery. In this sense, the simulation of catheter ablation can provide safer environments for training and the performance of cryotherapy interventions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel approach to help better understand how temperature rates can affect this procedure by using computer tools to develop a simulation framework to predict lesion size and determine optimal temperature conditions for reducing the risk of major complications. The results showed that a temperature profile of around -40 °C caused less penetration, reduced necrotic damage, and smaller lesion size in the tissue. Instead, cryotherapy close to -60 °C achieved a greater depth of temperature flow inside the tissue and a larger cross-section area of the lesion. With further development and validation, the framework could represent a cost-effective strategy for providing personalized modeling, better planning of cryocatheter-based treatment, and preventing surgical complications.

Fast Parabolic Fitting: An R-Peak Detection Algorithm for Wearable ECG Devices.

Heart diseases rank among the most fatal health concerns globally, with the majority being preventable through early diagnosis and effective treatment. Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is critical in detecting heart diseases, as it captures the heart's electrical activities. For continuous monitoring, wearable electrocardiographic devices must ensure user comfort over extended periods, typically 24 to 48 h. These devices demand specialized algorithms with low computational complexity to accommodate memory and power consumption constraints. One of the most crucial aspects of ECG signals is accurately detecting heartbeat intervals, specifically the R peaks. In this study, we introduce a novel algorithm designed for wearable devices, offering two primary attributes: robustness against noise and low computational complexity. Our algorithm entails fitting a least-squares parabola to the ECG signal and adaptively shaping it as it sweeps through the signal. Notably, our proposed algorithm eliminates the need for band-pass filters, which can inadvertently smooth the R peaks, making them more challenging to identify. We compared the algorithm's performance using two extensive databases: the meta-database QT database and the BIH-MIT database. Importantly, our method does not necessitate the precise localization of the ECG signal's isoelectric line, contributing to its low computational complexity. In the analysis of the QT database, our algorithm demonstrated a substantial advantage over the classical Pan-Tompkins algorithm and maintained competitiveness with state-of-the-art approaches. In the case of the BIH-MIT database, the performance results were more conservative; they continued to underscore the real-world utility of our algorithm in clinical contexts.

A hypothermia mimetic molecule (zr17-2) reduces ganglion cell death, gliosis, and electroretinogram distortion in male rats subjected to perinatal asphyxia.

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia (PA) represents a major problem in perinatology and may cause visual losses, including blindness. We, and others, have shown that hypothermia prevents retinal symptoms associated to PA. In the present work, we evaluate whether a hypothermia mimetic small molecule, zr17-2, has similar effects in the context of PA. Methods: Four experimental groups were studied in male rats: Naturally born rats as controls (CTL), naturally born rats injected s.c. with 50 µL of 330 nmols/L zr17-2 (ZR), animals that were exposed to PA for 20 min at 37°C (PA), and rats that were exposed to PA and injected with zr17-2 (PA-ZR). Forty-five days after treatment, animals were subjected to electroretinography. In addition, morphological techniques (TUNEL, H&E, multiple immunofluorescence) were applied to the retinas. Results: A reduction in the amplitude of the a- and b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OP) of the electroretinogram (ERG) was detected in PA animals. Treatment with zr17-2 resulted in a significant amelioration of these parameters (p < 0.01). In PA animals, a large number of apoptotic cells was found in the GCL. This number was significantly reduced by treatment with the small molecule (p < 0.0001). In a similar way, the thickness of the inner retina and the intensity of GFAP immunoreactivity (gliosis) increased in PA retinas (p < 0.0001). These parameters were corrected by the administration of zr17-2 (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, injection of the small molecule in the absence of PA did not modify the ERG nor the morphological parameters studied, suggesting a lack of toxicity. Discussion: In conclusion, our results indicate that a single s.c. injection of zr17-2 in asphyctic neonates may provide a novel and efficacious method to prevent the visual sequelae of PA.

A hypothermia mimetic molecule (zr17-2) reduces ganglion cell death and electroretinogram distortion in a rat model of intraorbital optic nerve crush (IONC).

Introduction: Ocular and periocular traumatisms may result in loss of vision. Our previous work showed that therapeutic hypothermia prevents retinal damage caused by traumatic neuropathy. We also generated and characterized small molecules that elicit the beneficial effects of hypothermia at normal body temperature. Here we investigate whether one of these mimetic molecules, zr17-2, is able to preserve the function of eyes exposed to trauma. Methods: Intraorbital optic nerve crush (IONC) or sham manipulation was applied to Sprague-Dawley rats. One hour after surgery, 5.0 µl of 330 nmol/L zr17-2 or PBS, as vehicle, were injected in the vitreum of treated animals. Electroretinograms were performed 21 days after surgery and a- and b-wave amplitude, as well as oscillatory potentials (OP), were calculated. Some animals were sacrificed 6 days after surgery for TUNEL analysis. All animal experiments were approved by the local ethics board. Results: Our previous studies showed that zr17-2 does not cross the blood-ocular barrier, thus preventing systemic treatment. Here we show that intravitreal injection of zr17-2 results in a very significant prevention of retinal damage, providing preclinical support for its pharmacological use in ocular conditions. As previously reported, IONC resulted in a drastic reduction in the amplitude of the b-wave (p < 0.0001) and OPs (p < 0.05), a large decrease in the number of RGCs (p < 0.0001), and a large increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the GCL and the INL (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, injection of zr17-2 largely prevented all these parameters, in a very similar pattern to that elicited by therapeutic hypothermia. The small molecule was also able to reduce oxidative stress-induced retinal cell death in vitro. Discussion: In summary, we have shown that intravitreal injection of the hypothermia mimetic, zr17-2, significantly reduces the morphological and electrophysiological consequences of ocular traumatism and may represent a new treatment option for this cause of visual loss.

A Novel Framework for Generating Personalized Network Datasets for NIDS Based on Traffic Aggregation.

In this paper, we addressed the problem of dataset scarcity for the task of network intrusion detection. Our main contribution was to develop a framework that provides a complete process for generating network traffic datasets based on the aggregation of real network traces. In addition, we proposed a set of tools for attribute extraction and labeling of traffic sessions. A new dataset with botnet network traffic was generated by the framework to assess our proposed method with machine learning algorithms suitable for unbalanced data. The performance of the classifiers was evaluated in terms of macro-averages of F1-score (0.97) and the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (0.94), showing a good overall performance average.

Hypothermic Shock Applied After Perinatal Asphyxia Prevents Retinal Damage in Rats.

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) can cause retinopathy and different degrees of visual loss, including total blindness. In a rat model of PA, we have previously shown a protective effect of hypothermia on the retina when applied simultaneously with the hypoxic insult. In the present work, we evaluated the possible protective effect of hypothermia on the retina of PA rats when applied immediately after delivery. Four experimental groups were studied: Rats born naturally as controls (CTL), animals that were exposed to PA for 20 min at 37°C (PA), animals exposed to PA for 20 min at 15°C (HYP), and animals that were exposed to PA for 20 min at 37°C and, immediately after birth, kept for 15 min at 8°C (HYP-PA). To evaluate the integrity of the visual pathway, animals were subjected to electroretinography at 45 days of age. Molecular (real time PCR) and histological (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, TUNEL assay) techniques were applied to the eyes of all experimental groups collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, and 6 days after birth. PA resulted in a significant reduction in the amplitude of the a- and b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OP) of the electroretinogram. All animals treated with hypothermia had a significant correction of the a-wave and OP, but the b-wave was fully corrected in the HYP group but only partially in the HYP-PA group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells increased sharply in the ganglion cell layer of the PA animals and this increase was significantly prevented by both hypothermia treatments. Expression of the cold-shock proteins, cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) and RNA binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), was undetectable in retinas of the CTL and PA groups, but they were highly expressed in ganglion neurons and cells of the inner nuclear layer of the HYP and HYP-PA groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that a post-partum hypothermic shock could represent a useful and affordable method to prevent asphyxia-related vision disabling sequelae.

Methylene Blue Prevents Retinal Damage Caused by Perinatal Asphyxia in the Rat.

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is responsible for a large proportion of neonatal deaths and numerous neurological sequelae, including visual dysfunction and blindness. In PA, the retina is exposed to ischemia/reoxygenation, which results in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and neurotoxicity. We hypothesized that methylene blue (MB), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, and free-radical scavenger currently used in the clinic, may block this pathway and prevent PA-induced retinal degeneration. Male rat pups were subjected to an experimental model of PA. Four groups were studied: normally delivered (CTL), normally delivered treated with 2 mg Kg-1 MB (MB), exposed to PA for 20 min at 37°C (PA), and exposed to PA and, then, treated with MB (PA-MB). Scotopic electroretinography performed 45 days after birth showed that PA animals had significant defects in the a- and b-waves and oscillatory potentials (OP). The same animals presented a significant increase in the thickness of the inner retina and a large number of TUNEL-positive cells. All these physiological and morphological parameters were significantly prevented by the treatment with MB. Gene expression analysis demonstrated significant increases in iNOS, MMP9, and VEGF in the eyes of PA animals, which were prevented by MB treatment. In conclusion, MB regulates key players of inflammation, matrix remodeling, gliosis, and angiogenesis in the eye and could be used as a treatment to prevent the deleterious visual consequences of PA. Given its safety profile and low cost, MB may be used clinically in places where alternative treatments may be unavailable.

Hepatoblastoma del adulto: presentación de un caso / A case of adult hepatoblastoma

Resumen Fundamento: el hepatoblastoma del adulto (HBA) es un tumor hepático poco frecuente y con un mal pronóstico, lo cual contrasta con el hepatoblastoma infantil (HBI). Esta patología aún no ha sido comprendida completamente y hasta la fecha, no se han reportado de forma adecuada más de 50 casos en la literatura médica. Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente que fue egresado de nuestro hospital con el diagnóstico de carcinoma hepatocelular, aproximadamente con 3 meses de anterioridad. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 60 años con historia de alcoholismo y de ser un fumador inveterado. Fue ingresado en nuestro hospital por dolor abdominal, en el momento del examen físico, puso de manifiesto un tumor palpable en la región del hipocondrio derecho. Este paciente había sido egresado aproximadamente 3 meses atrás, con el diagnóstico de carcinoma hepatocelular, en el curso de una cirrosis hepática. El hombre falleció por causa de la progresión de la enfermedad y la autopsia reveló la existencia de un HBA. Conclusiones : el HBA es un tumor infrecuente, de grave pronóstico y muchos casos son asintomáticos hasta el momento del diagnóstico. Dicho tumor, por lo regular, presenta un gran tamaño. Las enzimas hepáticas, la alfafetoproteína y los estudios imagenológicos revelan el diagnóstico de un hepatocarcinoma, el cual es un tumor frecuente en los adultos. Asimismo, el estudio histológico confirma el diagnóstico. Debido a su mal pronóstico, y a las mejores perspectivas de tratamiento en niños, hoy en día es lógico utilizar el tratamiento pediátrico en los adultos. Se necesitan más estudios de investigación para el manejo óptimo del HBA.

Abstract Background: In contrast to childhood hepatoblastoma, adult hepatoblastoma (HBA) is a rare and not-fully-understood liver tumor with a poor prognosis. To date, about 50 cases have been adequately reported in the medical literature. Objective: We present the case of a patient who was discharged from our hospital with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma approximately 3 months before returning. Clinical case: A 60-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholism and heavy smoking was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed a palpable tumor in the right hypochondrium region. This patient had been discharged approximately 3 months previously with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the course of liver cirrhosis. The patient died, and the autopsy revealed an HBA. Conclusions: Adult hepatoblastoma is an infrequent tumor with a severe prognosis. Many cases are asymptomatic until the time of diagnosis, and the tumor is usually very large. Liver enzymes, alpha-fetus protein, and imaging studies lead to a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma which is a common tumor in adults. Histological study confirms the diagnosis. Due to the poor prognosis for HBA in contrast to better prospects for treatment of hepatoblastoma in children, it is logical to use pediatric treatment in adults. More research is needed for the optimal treatment of HBA.

Mobile Personal Health Care System for Noninvasive, Pervasive, and Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring: Development and Usability Study.

BACKGROUND: Smartphone-based blood pressure (BP) monitoring using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has emerged as a promising approach to empower users with self-monitoring for effective diagnosis and control of hypertension. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a mobile personal health care system for noninvasive, pervasive, and continuous estimation of BP level and variability, which is user friendly for elderly people. METHODS: The proposed approach was integrated by a self-designed cuffless, calibration-free, wireless, and wearable PPG-only sensor and a native purposely designed smartphone app using multilayer perceptron machine learning techniques from raw signals. We performed a development and usability study with three older adults (mean age 61.3 years, SD 1.5 years; 66% women) to test the usability and accuracy of the smartphone-based BP monitor. RESULTS: The employed artificial neural network model had good average accuracy (>90%) and very strong correlation (>0.90) (P<.001) for predicting the reference BP values of our validation sample (n=150). Bland-Altman plots showed that most of the errors for BP prediction were less than 10 mmHg. However, according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and British Hypertension Society standards, only diastolic blood pressure prediction met the clinically accepted accuracy thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: With further development and validation, the proposed system could provide a cost-effective strategy to improve the quality and coverage of health care, particularly in rural zones, areas lacking physicians, and areas with solitary elderly populations.

In Silico Molecular Studies of Antiophidic Properties of the Amazonian Tree Cordia nodosa Lam.

We carried out surveys on the use of Cordia nodosa Lam. in the jungles of Bobonaza (Ecuador). We documented this knowledge to prevent its loss under the Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. We conducted bibliographic research and identified quercetrin as a significant bioactive molecule. We studied its in silico biological activity. The selected methodology was virtual docking experiments with the proteins responsible for the venomous action of snakes. The molecular structures of quercetrin and 21 selected toxins underwent corresponding tests with SwissDock and Chimera software. The results point to support its antiophidic use. They show reasonable geometries and a binding free energy of -7 to -10.03 kcal/mol. The most favorable values were obtained for the venom of the Asian snake Naja atra (5Z2G, -10.03 kcal/mol). Good results were also obtained from the venom of the Latin American Bothrops pirajai (3CYL, -9.71 kcal/mol) and that of Ecuadorian Bothrops asper snakes (5TFV, -9.47 kcal/mol) and Bothrops atrox (5TS5, -9.49 kcal/mol). In the 5Z2G and 5TS5 L-amino acid oxidases, quercetrin binds in a pocket adjacent to the FAD cofactor, while in the myotoxic homologues of PLA2, 3CYL and 5TFV, it joins in the hydrophobic channel formed when oligomerizing, in the first one similar to α-tocopherol. This study presents a case demonstration of the potential of bioinformatic tools in the validation process of ethnobotanical phytopharmaceuticals and how in silico methods are becoming increasingly useful for sustainable drug discovery.

Esofagitis eosinofílica: reporte de un caso / A case report of eosinophilic esophagitis

Resumen Objetivo: presentar un caso infrecuente de un paciente con esofagitis eosinofílica, el cual constituye el primer caso reportado en nuestro país en 53 años. Caso clínico: paciente de 28 años, género femenino, de raza blanca, con antecedentes personales de atopia, rinitis alérgica, dermatitis, diarreas ocasionales y asma, por la cual ha estado ingresada en varias ocasiones; además presenta antecedentes familiares de asma bronquial. Refiere que estas alteraciones comenzaron a los 17 años, y desde allí fue asistida por varios especialistas. Hace 10 meses presentó disfagia, la cual fue en aumento, dolor torácico y abdominal, pirosis y pérdida de peso. En el examen físico presentó sibilancias diseminadas en ambos campos pulmonares. El estudio analítico completo y los exámenes imagenológicos resultaron normales. La endoscopia y la biopsia esofágica mostraron los elementos compatibles con esofagitis eosinofílica. El tratamiento se realizó con esteroides orales, monteleukast e inhibidores de la bomba de protones, que mostraron resultados excelentes. Conclusiones: la esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad de la que todavía existe un gran desconocimiento. Es más común en niños, hombres jóvenes de raza blanca, y la cual, por lo regular, tiene un componente atópico marcado. En la adultez se manifiesta por disfagia e impactación de los alimentos. Para el diagnóstico de una esofagitis eosinofílica tiene que haber síntomas de disfunción esofágica, más de 15 eosinófilos por campo, falta de respuesta a los inhibidores de la bomba de protones y exclusión del reflujo gastroesofágico. Dependiendo de cada caso, el paciente debe ser tratado de forma multidisciplinaria por gastroenterólogos, alergólogos, inmunólogos y nutriólogos.

Abstract Objective: We present the first case of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) reported in our country in fifty-three years. Clinical Case: The patient was 28-year-old white woman with a personal history of atopy, allergic rhinitis, dermatitis and occasional diarrhea and asthma. She had relatives with bronchial asthma and had been admitted to hospitals several times previously. According to the patient, these alterations began at age 17, and she had seen several specialists since that time. Ten months prior to this admission, increasingly severe dysphagia accompanied by chest and abdominal pain, heartburn and weight loss began. Upon physical examination, wheezing was evident in both lung fields. The complete analytical study and imaging tests were all normal. Endoscopy and esophageal biopsy showed elements compatible with eosinophilic esophagitis. Excellent results were obtained from treatment with oral steroids, montelukast and proton pump inhibitors. Conclusions: EE is still poorly understood. It is more common in children and young white men, and there is usually a marked atopic component. In adulthood it is manifested by dysphagia and impaction of food. To diagnose EE there must be symptoms of esophageal dysfunction, more than 15 eosinophils per field, lack of response to proton pump inhibitors and exclusion of gastroesophageal reflux. Depending on the case, patients may require multidisciplinary treatment by gastroenterologists, allergists, immunologists and nutritionists.

Heterotopia pancreática en pólipo gástrico. Presentación de caso / A case of heterotopic pancreas in a gastric polyp

Resumen La heterotopia pancreática es un hallazgo poco frecuente, en ocasiones accidental, que se puede observar en cualquier nivel del tracto digestivo e inclusive fuera del mismo; es congénita y su patogenia está en discusión. Aunque su forma de presentación es lenta y progresiva y su comportamiento benigno y asintomático, en ocasiones puede originar manifestaciones obstructivas, hemorrágicas, inflamatorias y neoplásicas. En este último caso es imprescindible el diagnóstico histopatológico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente sintomático con heterotopia pancreática a nivel del píloro gástrico cuya localización es bastante infrecuente.

Abstract Pancreatic heterotopia is rare and is sometimes found accidentally. It can occur anywhere in the digestive tract and even outside of it. Heterotopic pancreas is congenital, but its pathogenesis is under discussion. Although it develops slowly and progressively, its behavior is benign and asymptomatic. Nevertheless, it can manifest in obstructions, hemorrhaging, inflammation and neoplasia. In the latter case, histopathological diagnosis is essential. We present the case of a symptomatic patient with pancreatic heterotopia at the gastric pylorus, a very uncommon location.

An Enhanced Lightweight IoT-based Authentication Scheme in Cloud Computing Circumstances.

With the rapid deployment of the Internet of Things and cloud computing, it is necessary to enhance authentication protocols to reduce attacks and security vulnerabilities which affect the correct performance of applications. In 2019 a new lightweight IoT-based authentication scheme in cloud computing circumstances was proposed. According to the authors, their protocol is secure and resists very well-known attacks. However, when we evaluated the protocol we found some security vulnerabilities and drawbacks, making the scheme insecure. Therefore, we propose a new version considering login, mutual authentication and key agreement phases to enhance the security. Moreover, we include a sub-phase called evidence of connection attempt which provides proof about the participation of the user and the server. The new scheme achieves the security requirements and resists very well-known attacks, improving previous works. In addition, the performance evaluation demonstrates that the new scheme requires less communication-cost than previous authentication protocols during the registration and login phases.

Dermatomiositis y colitis ulcerosa: presentación de un caso / A Case of Dermatomyositis and Ulcerative Colitis

Resumen Introducción: la incidencia de la miopatía inflamatoria idiopática es de 4 a 15 casos por millón de habitantes y su prevalencia es de 60 casos por cada millón de habitantes. Dada la identificación de formas clínicas es posible que estas cifras de incidencia y prevalencia aumenten en los próximos años. La colitis ulcerosa ha ido en aumento afectando al 2 % de la población mundial. Los síntomas están determinados por la extensión y gravedad de las lesiones, teniendo un curso crónico que puede evolucionar por brotes y no existe tratamiento médico curativo. La asociación de la dermatomiositis y la colitis ulcerativa es extremadamente infrecuente. Objetivo: Presentar un caso diagnosticado con la asociación de dermatomiositis y colitis ulcerosa. Caso clínico: Paciente de 70 años, femenina, blanca, ama de casa, sin antecedentes familiares de interés ni epidemiológicos. Refiere que a los 50 años presentó cuadros diarreicos acompañados de dolor abdominal, moco y pus. Desde hace 1 año aproximadamente ha estado presentando debilidad muscular a nivel de los hombros, lo que le dificultaba levantar los brazos. Se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio, imagenológicos e histopatológicos que mostraron la presencia de una dermatomiositis asociada con colitis ulcerativa. Se señalan las características clínicas, medios diagnósticos y la terapia empleada en nuestra paciente. Conclusiones: se presentó el caso de una paciente con manifestaciones clínicas de dermatomiositis y colitis ulcerativa. Esta asociación es muy infrecuente y debe ser tenida en cuenta por los médicos que reciben consultas de estos pacientes, debido a que ambas entidades tienen una base inmunológica y pueden expresarse de variadas formas.

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy ranges from 4 to 15 cases per million inhabitants while its prevalence is 60 cases per million inhabitants. Given the identification of clinical forms, it is possible that these figures will increase in the coming years. Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis have been increasing, and it now affects 2% of the world population. Symptoms are determined by the extent and severity of lesions. It is chronic with recurring outbreaks, and there is no medical cure. Dermatomyositis in association with ulcerative colitis occurs extremely infrequently. Objective: This study presents the case of a patient diagnosed with dermatomyositis associated with ulcerative colitis. Clinical Case: The patient was a 70 years white woman, a housewife with no family or epidemiological history of interest. She reported that she had had diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain, mucus and pus when she was fifty years old. About one year prior to diagnosis, she developed muscle weakness in her shoulders that made it difficult for her to lift her arms. Laboratory, imaging and histopathological tests showed dermatomyositis associated with ulcerative colitis. We point out clinical characteristics, diagnostic means and the therapy used to treat our patient. Conclusions: This case of a patient with clinical manifestations of the very infrequent combination of dermatomyositis and ulcerative colitis should be taken into account by doctors who care for these patients because both conditions have immunological bases and can be expressed in various ways.

Segmentation of the ECG Signal by Means of a Linear Regression Algorithm.

The monitoring and processing of electrocardiogram (ECG) beats have been actively studied in recent years: new lines of research have even been developed to analyze ECG signals using mobile devices. Considering these trends, we proposed a simple and low computing cost algorithm to process and analyze an ECG signal. Our approach is based on the use of linear regression to segment the signal, with the goal of detecting the R point of the ECG wave and later, to separate the signal in periods for detecting P, Q, S, and T peaks. After pre-processing of ECG signal to reduce the noise, the algorithm was able to efficiently detect fiducial points, information that is transcendental for diagnosis of heart conditions using machine learning classifiers. When tested on 260 ECG records, the detection approach performed with a Sensitivity of 97.5% for Q-point and 100% for the rest of ECG peaks. Finally, we validated the robustness of our algorithm by developing an ECG sensor to register and transmit the acquired signals to a mobile device in real time.

Tumor neuroendocrino de la válvula ileocecal con metástasis hepática única. Presentación de caso / A case of a neuroendocrine tumor of the ileocecal valve with a single hepatic metastasis

Resumen Los tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) del tracto gastrointestinal son muy infrecuentes, el intestino delgado y principalmente el íleon son los sitios donde ocurren con mayor frecuencia. Tienen la capacidad de secretar péptidos y aminas bioactivas. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) los clasifica de acuerdo con el grado de diferenciación y conducta biológica en 5 grados. Las manifestaciones clínicas pueden estar ausentes o ser inespecíficas. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de 49 años de edad quien fue ingresado por dolor abdominal en hemiabdomen derecho, acompañado de aerogastria, vómitos y síndrome constitucional; en el examen físico se encontró hepatomegalia dolorosa con nódulo único de 2,5 cm aproximadamente. La citología por aspiración con aguja fina (CAFF) y la laparoscopia con biopsia diagnosticaron una metástasis hepática única de un TNE de origen gastrointestinal, que se confirmó con la colonoscopia con ileoscopia encontrando un tumor subepitelial en la válvula ileocecal. La inmunohistoquímica realizada ayudó a la confirmación del diagnóstico. El tratamiento puede ser quirúrgico; sin embargo, este paciente rechazó esta terapia, por lo que se trató con quimioterapia y radioterapia. Lo fundamental en esta entidad es el diagnóstico precoz, que pocas veces se realiza por lo infrecuente de la enfermedad.

Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are very rare tumors that most frequently occur in the small intestine, primarily in the ileum. They secrete bioactive peptides and amines. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies them into five grades according to the degree of differentiation and biological behavior. Clinical manifestations may be absent or nonspecific. We report the case of a 49-year-old patient who was admitted due to abdominal pain in the right hemiabdomen, accompanied by aerogastria, vomiting and constitutional syndrome. A painful hepatomegaly with a single nodule of approximately 2.5 cm was found during physical examination. CAFF and laparoscopy with biopsy diagnosed a single hepatic metastasis of a neuroendocrine tumor of gastrointestinal origin. This was confirmed by colonoscopy with ileoscopy which found a subepithelial tumor in the ileocecal valve. Immunohistochemistry helped confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for this type of tumor can be surgical, but this patient rejected surgery. It was treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Early diagnosis of this entity is fundamental but is rare because of the infrequency of the disease.

Dermatomiositis y colitis ulcerosa: una asociación infrecuente / Dermatomyositis and ulcerative colitis: an infrecuent association

Introducción: La incidencia de la miopatía inflamatoria idiopática es de 4 a 15 casos por millón de habitantes y su prevalencia de 60 casos por cada millón de habitantes. Dada la identificación de formas clínicas es posible que estas cifras de incidencia y prevalencia aumenten en los próximos años. La colitis ulcerosa ha ido en aumento afectando al 2 por ciento de la población mundial. Los síntomas están determinados por la extensión y gravedad de las lesiones, teniendo un curso crónico que puede evolucionar por brotes y no existe tratamiento médico curativo. La asociación de la dermatomiositis y la colitis ulcerativa es extremadamente infrecuente. Objetivo: Presentar un caso diagnosticado con la asociación de dermatomiositis y colitis ulcerosa. Caso Clínico: Paciente de 70 años, femenina, blanca, ama de casa, sin antecedentes familiares de interés ni epidemiológicos. Refiere que a los cincuenta años presentó cuadros diarreicos acompañados de dolor abdominal, moco y pus. Hace un año aproximadamente viene presentando debilidad muscular a nivel de los hombros, lo que dificultaba levantar los brazos. Se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio, imagenológicos e histopatológicos que mostraron la presencia de una Dermatomiositis asociada a colitis ulcerativa. Señalamos las características clínicas, medios diagnósticos y la terapéutica empleada en nuestra enferma. Conclusiones: Se presentó el caso de una paciente con manifestaciones clínicas de dermatomiositis y colitis ulcerativa. Esta asociación es muy infrecuente y debe ser tenida en cuenta por los médicos que consultan a estos enfermos; debido a que ambas tienen una base inmunológica y pueden expresarse de variadas formas(AU)

Introduction: The incidence of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is from 4 to 15 cases per million inhabitants and its prevalence of 60 cases per million inhabitants. Given the identification of clinical forms it is possible that these figures of incidence and prevalence increase in the coming years. Ulcerative colitis has been increasing, affecting 2 percent of the world population. The symptoms are determined by the extent and severity of the lesions, having a chronic course that can evolve outbreaks and there is no curative medical treatment. The association of dermatomyositis and ulcerative colitis is extremely infrequent. Objective: To present a case diagnosed with the association of dermatomyositis and ulcerative colitis. Clinical Case: Patient of 70 years, female, white, housewife, with no family history of interest or epidemiological. He reports that at age fifty he presented with diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain, mucus and pus. About a year ago, muscle weakness appeared at the level of the shoulders, which made it difficult to raise the arms. Laboratory, imaging and histopathological examinations were performed, which showed the presence of a dermatomyositis associated with ulcerative colitis. We point out the clinical characteristics, diagnostic means and the therapy used in our patient. Conclusions: The case of a patient with clinical manifestations of dermatomyositis and ulcerative colitis was presented. This association is very infrequent and should be taken into account by the doctors who consult these patients; because both have an immunological basis and can be expressed in various ways(AU)

JADOPPT: java based AutoDock preparing and processing tool.

Motivation: AutoDock is a very popular software package for docking and virtual screening. However, currently it is hard work to visualize more than one result from the virtual screening at a time. To overcome this limitation we have designed JADOPPT, a tool for automatically preparing and processing multiple ligand-protein docked poses obtained from AutoDock. It allows the simultaneous visual assessment and comparison of multiple poses through clustering methods. Moreover, it permits the representation of reference ligands with known binding modes, binding site residues, highly scoring regions for the ligand, and the calculated binding energy of the best ranked results. Availability and Implementation: JADOPPT, supplementary material (Case Studies 1 and 2) and video tutorials are available at http://visualanalytics.land/cgarcia/JADOPPT.html. Contacts: carlosgarcia@usal.es or pelaez@usal.es. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Tuberculosis primaria de laringe simulando un carcinoma laríngeo. Reporte de caso / Primary tuberculosis of larynx simulating a laryngeal carcinoma. Report of case

Fundamento: La tuberculosis laríngea es una enfermedad infrecuente, sobre todo cuando se presenta de forma localizada. Objetivo: Exponer la localización laríngea primaria de la tuberculosis que simuló un carcinoma laríngeo. Caso clínico: Paciente de 40 años de edad, fumador de dos cajetillas de cigarro diarias por más de veinte años. Consultó por disfonía persistente de aumento gradual, odinofagia, tos pertinaz y pérdida de 10 Kg de peso en dos meses. El examen físico general fue normal. Se visualizó la cuerda vocal derecha hemiparética de aspecto tumoral en los dos tercios anteriores. En el estudio analítico se encontraron exámenes patológicos como la prueba de la tuberculina, Velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG) de 95 mm/1ra hora y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) de 860 UI/L, fueron totalmente negativos los exámenes imaginológicos. Resultados: El estudio histológico luego de tomar biopsia, confirmó la existencia de tuberculosis laríngea primaria; no existía evidencia clínica ni imaginológica de afectación de otros órganos. Conclusiones: Se presentó un paciente con síntomas laríngeos y constitucionales. La tuberculosis primaria de laringe es una enfermedad rara, infrecuente de la que existen escasos reportes en la literatura médica internacional; teniendo en cuenta además que la tuberculosis inicialmente afecta el pulmón y luego se disemina.

Background: The laryngeal tuberculosis is an uncommon illness, mainly when it is presented in a located way. Objective: To expose the primary laryngeal localization of the tuberculosis that simulated a laryngeal carcinoma. Clinical case: Patient of 40 years old, smoker of two daily cigarette packs for more than twenty years. He was consulted for persistent dysphonia of gradual increase, odynophagia, tenacious cough and loss of 10 Kg of weight in two months. The general physical exam was normal. The right hemiparetic vocal cord of tumor aspect was visualized in the two previous thirds. In the analytic study, pathological exams were found as the tuberculin test, Speed of globular sedimentation (VSG) of 95 mm/1st hour and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of 860 UI/L, the x- ray exams were completely negative. Results: The histological study after taking biopsy, confirmed the existence of primary laryngeal tuberculosis; there was no clinical or imagiologic evidence of involvement of other organs. Conclusions: A patient was presented with laryngeal and constitutional symptoms. The primary tuberculosis of larynx is a strange illness, uncommon of which there are scarce reports in the international medical literature; also keeping in mind that the tuberculosis initially affects the lung and then it is disseminated.