Evaluation of the incorporation of an IOTA-ADNEX model in the discrimination of adnexal masses in our third-level hospital centre, taking into account the menopausal status of patients. Five years of experience / Evaluación de la incorporación del IOTA-ADNEX model en la discriminación de las masas anexiales en nuestro centro hospitalario de tercer nivel teniendo en cuenta el estado menopáusico en la predicción de malignidad. Cinco años de experiencia

Objective: The objectives were to estimate the performance of the IOTA-ADNEX model test after its incorporation into the ultrasound tests of our third-grade hospital gynecology service, as well as to assess whether its capacity of accuracy is modified when taking into account the patient's menopausal status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to clinically evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IOTA-ADNEX model test, which was performed between January 2016 and December 2021. The study included 573 women with an adnexal injury who underwent surgical excision within 180 days after ultrasound diagnosis and histological confirmation (gold standard). After the ultrasound exam, the injuries were classified using the ADNEX model. The study estimated the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) of the ADNEX model for classifying between benign and malignant adnexal masses and compared the performance by menopausal state. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for different cut-off points. Results: Out of the 573 women, 183 (31.9%) had a malignant tumor. The AUC of the ADNEX model for differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal masses at the time of ultrasound examination was 0.92 and the best malignancy threshold, detected by Youden index, was 22.5%. At this cut-off, the sensitivity of the ADNEX model was 91.8% and the specificity was 76.4%. However, it varies according to menopausal status: in the group of pre-menopausal patient, sensitivity was 86.1% (95% CI, 85.4%–86.8%) and specificity was 81.3% (95% CI, 85.4%–86.8%). In the postmenopausal group, sensitivity was 96.1% (95% CI, 95.6%–96.7%) and specificity was 68.5% (95% CI, 68.1%–68.8%)...(AU)

Objetivo: Los objetivos eran estimar el rendimiento del test IOTA ADNEX model después de su incorporación en el estudio ecográfico en nuestro servicio de ginecología, en un hospital de tercer nivel, así como evaluar si su capacidad de precisión se modifica al tener en cuenta el estado menopáusico de la paciente. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal para evaluar clínicamente el rendimiento diagnóstico del test IOTA ADNEX model, el cual se realizó entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2021. El estudio incluyó a 573 mujeres con una lesión anexial que se sometieron a tratamiento quirúrgico en un plazo de 180 días después del diagnóstico por ecografía y confirmación histológica (gold standard). Después de realizar la ecografía, las lesiones fueron clasificadas utilizando el modelo ADNEX. El estudio estimó el área bajo la curva (AUC) del modelo ADNEX para diferenciar entre masas anexiales benignas y malignas, y se comparó el rendimiento según el estado menopáusico. Se determinó la sensibilidad y la especificidad para diferentes puntos de corte. Resultados: De las 573 mujeres, 183 (31,9%) tenían un tumor maligno. El AUC del modelo ADNEX para diferenciar entre masas anexiales benignas y malignas en el momento del examen ecográfico fue de 0,92 y el umbral de malignidad óptimo, detectado por el índice de Youden, fue del 22,5%. Con este punto de corte, la sensibilidad (SE) del modelo ADNEX fue del 91,8% y la especificidad (SP) fue del 76,4%. Sin embargo, esto varía según el estado menopáusico: en el grupo de pacientes premenopáusicas, la sensibilidad fue del 86,1% (IC del 95%: 85,4-86,8%) y la especificidad fue del 813% (IC del 95%: 85,4-86,8%). En el grupo de pacientes posmenopáusicas, la sensibilidad fue del 96,1% (IC del 95%: 95,6-96,7%) y la especificidad fue del 68,5% (IC del 95%: 68,1-68,8%)...(AU)

Applicability of the COPD-LUCSS-DLCO score for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Analysis in standard clinical practice conditions. / Aplicabilidad del score COPD-LUCSS-DLCO en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: análisis en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual.

INTRODUCTION: The COPD-LUCSS-DLCO score had been validated as a predictive tool capable of identifying patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a high mortality risk associated with lung cancer (LC); however, studies have not been conducted yet on its use in standard clinical practice. The aim of this study was to estimate the COPD-LUCSS-DLCO scores for patients with COPD treated in Pulmonology consultations and to determine the incidence of LC in each of the subgroups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted with a cohort of 159 patients with COPD in Pulmonology outpatient follow-up consultations. We calculated the COPD-LUCSS-DLCO score (0-8) for each patient, with low risk considered at 0-3 points and high risk at ≥3.5 points. We calculated the incidence rate of LC in each of the subgroups. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of the patients had a high-risk score. We estimated an overall LC rate of 30 per 1000 patients with COPD-year (95% CI: 16-53), 44 per 1000 patients with COPD-year (95% CI: 18-76) among those categorised as high risk and 17 per 1000 patients with COPD-year among those categorised as low risk (95% CI: 4-50). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the COPD-LUCSS-DLCO score in standard clinical practice could help detect patients with a greater risk of developing LC, which could help to better manage cases in an LC screening programme.

Clinical characteristics of COPD patients with early-onset desaturation in the 6-minute walk test.

BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced desaturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently has prognostic implications. Desaturation within the first minute of the walk 6-minute walk test will probably also occur in daily life activities and translate into hypoxaemic respiratory failure at rest in later years. This study aimed at comparing these patients with those who desaturate after the first minute and determine potential markers. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study collecting data on respiratory function tests, cardiovascular comorbidity, body mass index, pack-year index, 6-minute walk test outcomes, BODE index, and Charlson comorbidity index. Patients who desaturated during the first minute of the test were referred to as early desaturators compared to the non-early ones. RESULTS: We observed a higher mean body mass index in early desaturating patients, and an inverse relation as to the body mass index categories <25, 25-29, and ≥30. Early desaturators had a lower FEV1/FVC index. The mean distance walked in the test was shorter in early than in non-early desaturators, and they desaturated more deeply. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity, as determined by body mass index, seem to behave like markers for early desaturation. This simple anthropometric measure might indicate point to potential early desaturation in COPD patients.

Prevalence and concordance between the clinical and the post-mortem diagnosis of dementia in a psychogeriatric clinic. / Prevalencia y concordancia entre diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico de demencia en una clínica psicogeriátrica.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study is to describe the types of dementia found in a series of patients and to estimate the level of agreement between the clinical diagnosis and post-mortem diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive analysis of the prevalence of the types of dementia found in our series and we established the level of concordance between the clinical and the post-mortem diagnoses. The diagnosis was made based on current diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: 114 cases were included. The most common clinical diagnoses both at a clinical and autopsy level were Alzheimer disease and mixed dementia but the prevalence was quite different. While at a clinical level, prevalence was 39% for Alzheimer disease and 18% for mixed dementia, in the autopsy level, prevalence was 22% and 34%, respectively. The agreement between the clinical and the autopsy diagnoses was 62% (95% CI 53-72%). CONCLUSIONS: Almost a third of our patients were not correctly diagnosed in vivo. The most common mistake was the underdiagnosis of cerebrovascular pathology.

Incidence of cancer in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. / Incidencia de cáncer en pacientes ambulatorios con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the overall incidence of cancer is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of cancer (pulmonary or extrapulmonary) in patients with COPD during follow-up in a specialised outpatient unit, as well as to assess its relationship with the degree of airflow obstruction. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted with a cohort of 308 patients with COPD in pulmonology outpatient follow-up consultations from January 2012 to December 2015. The diagnosed malignancies during this period were divided into pulmonary and extrapulmonary. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of cancer, lung cancer and extrapulmonary cancer were 10.3, 3.4 and 7.3 cases per 1,000 patients with COPD per year, respectively. The most common cancers were lung cancer (31%), genitourinary tract cancer (29%) and gastrointestinal cancer (21%). Mild-moderate stages (gradeI-II of the 2009 GOLD classification) and the increase in the pack-year index (PYI) were related to an increase in the onset of malignancies, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.087-4.309; P=.026) and 1.01 (95% CI: 1.002-1.031; P=.023), respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of extrapulmonary cancer in patients with COPD was twice that of lung cancer; stagesI-II of the 2009 GOLD classification and the PYI were significantly related to the onset of malignancies.

Impact of 13-valent pneumococal conjugate polysaccharide vaccination in exacerbations rate of COPD patients with moderate to severe obstruction. / Impacto de la vacunación neumocócica de polisacáridos conjugados 13-valente en las exacerbaciones de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica con obstrucción al flujo aéreo moderada-muy grave.

OBJECTIVE: One of the major microorganisms described as the cause of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is Streptococcus pneumoniae. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV13) on COPD patients with regard to the development of exacerbations and the possible differential effect according to the patient's phenotype. METHODS: Prospective observational study of patients with COPD and FEV1 ≤ 65% and 18-month follow-up. Main variables: vaccination status with PCV13, phenotype "exacerbator" or "non-exacerbator", number of exacerbations, hospitalization and deaths. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed according to the nature of the variable and an inferential analysis with CI95%, bivariate contrasts, and multivariate analysis. Significance level 5%. The statistical packages EPIDAT 3.0 and SPSS version 21.0 were used. RESULTS: 121 patients were included. Twenty-four percent were labeled as phenotype exacerbator. 36% were vaccinated with PCV13. During follow-up, 68% of patients had at least one exacerbation and 27% required hospitalization. We observed similarity (p> 0.05) in the number of exacerbations and deaths; however, the percentage of hospitalization in the vaccinated was 18%, compared to 32% in the non-vaccinated group. In the multivariate adjustment (controlling for the phenotype), an adjusted OR of 2.77 risk of hospitalization was observed in the non-vaccinated group (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Non-vaccination with PCV13 almost triples the risk of hospitalization in patients with COPD.

El esquema de biopsia transrectal puede predecir la gradación histológica incorrecta del cáncer de próstata / Transrectal biopsy scheme can predict incorrect histological grading in prostate cancer

Objetivo: Identificar los factores por los que un sumatorio de Gleason (SG) < 7 en la biopsia pase a ser ≥ 7 en la pieza quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 185 pacientes operados por cáncer de próstata comparando el SG de las biopsias con el de las piezas quirúrgicas. Se calcularon la sensibilidad, especificidad y los valores predictivos del SG de la biopsia. La concordancia de la biopsia y la intervención quirúrgica para establecer SG < 7 y ≥ 7 fue estimada con el estadístico Kappa de Cohen. Se analizaron la edad, los antecedentes familiares de cáncer prostático, el antígeno prostático específico total (PSAt), el tacto transrectal, la estructura y el volumen prostáticos, y el número de cilindros de la biopsia (esquema de biopsia) utilizando una regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: La biopsia tuvo una alta sensibilidad (98%) y una baja especificidad (49%) para los SG ≤ 6; y una baja sensibilidad (35, 26%) y una alta especificidad (93, 99%) para los SG de 7 y ≥ 7, respectivamente. El índice Kappa de los SG fue de 0,43 (IC del 95%: 30-56%). El esquema de biopsia fue el único predictor del desacuerdo. Del resto de variables, solo el PSAt mostró una asociación significativa discreta. Tomando como referencia el esquema con < 7 cilindros, no hallamos diferencia con 8-9 cilindros, pero sí con 10-11, y ≥ 12 cilindros, con una razón de prevalencia de 0,138 (IC 95%: 0,030-0,513) y de 0,277 (IC 95%: 0,091-0,806), respectivamente. Conclusión: El SG de la biopsia depende del esquema. Este factor tiene que ser considerado a la hora de elegir una opción terapéutica en aquellos pacientes con un grado tumoral bajo en la biopsia (AU)

Objective: To identify factors that might explain why a prostate with a Gleason score (GS) <7 in the biopsy specimen can turn out to have a GS ≥7 in the surgical specimen.Material and methods: We compared the GS of biopsy specimens with the GS of surgical specimens in 185 patients who underwent surgery for prostate cancer. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for the GS of the biopsy specimens. We used Cohen’s kappa to determine the degree of concordance between a GS of <7 and ≥7 for the biopsy specimen and the surgical specimen. Age, a family history of prostate cancer, total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), digital rectal examination, prostate structure and volume, and the number of biopsy cores (biopsy scheme) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Histological study of biopsy specimens yielded high sensitivity (98%) but low specificity (49%) for GS ≤6 and low sensitivity (35, 26%) and high specificity (93, 99%) for GS=7 and GS ≥7, respectively. Cohen’s kappa for the GS from the biopsy and surgical specimens was 0.43 (95% CI=30-56%). The biopsy scheme was the only predictor of discordance in the GS between the two techniques. Among the other variables included in the model, only tPSA showed a slightly significant association. Taking a scheme with less than 7 cores as a reference, we found no difference with 8 to 9 cores but we did find a difference with 10 to 11 cores and with 12 or more cores, with a prevalence ratio of 0.138 (95% CI=0.030-0.513) and 0.277 (95% CI=0.091-0.806), respectively. Conclusion: The GS of the biopsy depends on the scheme. This factor must be taken into account when choosing a treatment option in patients with low tumor grade in biopsy specimens (AU)

Tracción vitreomacular en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad exudativa / Vitreomacular traction in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration

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[Transrectal biopsy scheme can predict incorrect histological grading in prostate cancer]. / El esquema de biopsia transrectal puede predecir la gradación histológica incorrecta del cáncer de próstata.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that might explain why a prostate with a Gleason score (GS) <7 in the biopsy specimen can turn out to have a GS ≥7 in the surgical specimen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared the GS of biopsy specimens with the GS of surgical specimens in 185 patients who underwent surgery for prostate cancer. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for the GS of the biopsy specimens. We used Cohen's kappa to determine the degree of concordance between a GS of <7 and ≥7 for the biopsy specimen and the surgical specimen. Age, a family history of prostate cancer, total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), digital rectal examination, prostate structure and volume, and the number of biopsy cores (biopsy scheme) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Histological study of biopsy specimens yielded high sensitivity (98%) but low specificity (49%) for GS ≤6 and low sensitivity (35, 26%) and high specificity (93, 99%) for GS=7 and GS ≥7, respectively. Cohen's kappa for the GS from the biopsy and surgical specimens was 0.43 (95% CI=30-56%). The biopsy scheme was the only predictor of discordance in the GS between the two techniques. Among the other variables included in the model, only tPSA showed a slightly significant association. Taking a scheme with less than 7 cores as a reference, we found no difference with 8 to 9 cores but we did find a difference with 10 to 11 cores and with 12 or more cores, with a prevalence ratio of 0.138 (95% CI=0.030-0.513) and 0.277 (95% CI=0.091-0.806), respectively. CONCLUSION: The GS of the biopsy depends on the scheme. This factor must be taken into account when choosing a treatment option in patients with low tumor grade in biopsy specimens.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increases the risk of having abnormal eating behaviours in obese adults.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of abnormal eating behaviours in obese adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison with obese adult patients without ADHD. METHOD: This case-control study includes: obese adult patients defined by a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², screening positive in the adult ADHD self-report scale-V1.1. (ASRS-V1.1), attending the Nutrition Section, as cases; and obese adult patients screening negative, as controls. Weight, height and BMI were determined in all the participants. The rate of abnormal eating behaviours was determined using an eating pattern questionnaire. RESULTS: Forty-five out of 51 (88.2%) cases vs 127 out of 179 (70.9%) controls had abnormal eating behaviours (p=0.01). Eating between-meal snacks was found in 39 (76.5%) cases vs 107 (59.8%) controls (p=0.03), going on binge eating episodes in 28 (54.9%) vs 42 (23.5%) (p=0.00), waking up at night to eat in 11 (21.6%) vs 16 (8.9%) (p=0.01), eating large amounts of food in 13 (25.5%) vs 38 (21.2%) (p=0.52), and eating in secret in 11 (21.6%) vs 16 (8.9%) (p=0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first study that determines the rate of these abnormal eating behaviours in obese adult patients with ADHD in comparison with obese adult patients without ADHD. A high rate of abnormal eating behaviours was observed in obese patients with ADHD. Our results suggest that ADHD is a risk factor for the development of these abnormal eating behaviours, which may be contributing factors of obesity and the unsuccessful treatment of obese patients.

[Assessment of nutritional status of patients candidates for lung resection by 2 methods]. / Valoración del estado nutricional de pacientes candidatos a resección pulmonar por 2 métodos.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to determine the nutritional status of an individual that may be submitted to a surgical intervention since it has been shown a relationship between nutritional status impairments and the incidence of complications. We present the data from a study comparing two nutritional assessment methods. OBJECTIVE: To study the rate of hyponutrition in patients candidates to lung resection in southern Galicia, and to determine if there were significant differences in the use of 2 different nutritional assessment methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 200 patients participated in this study: 144 males (aged 29-83 years) and 56 females (aged 20-80 years). All of them were assessed for their nutritional status according to Chang's method and we also performed a patient-generated global subjective assessment (PG-GSA) according to the SENBA working group protocol. RESULTS: There is agreement between the 2 methods in assessing 122 patients as having "good nutritional status". There are two cases with agreement between both methods in the diagnosis of "moderate hyponutrition or risk for hyponutrition". No case of "severe hyponutrition" is diagnosed by the Chang's method. CONCLUSIONS: We found statistically significant differences between the observations obtained with the two methods. The Chang's method performed more accurately than the PG-GSA, so that we believe it should be the first choice method for the preoperative nutritional assessment of patients candidate to a lung resection.

Intralesional rituximab in the treatment of indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: an epidemiological observational multicentre study. The Spanish Working Group on Cutaneous Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous rituximab is a safe and effective option for the treatment of systemic non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. The effectiveness of intralesional rituximab (ILR) in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBL) has been described in a small number of patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and adverse effects of ILR in patients with follicle centre (FCL) and marginal zone (MZL) PCBL. METHODS: This was an epidemiological observational multicentre study of patients with PCBL treated with ILR. RESULTS: Seventeen patients with MZL and 18 with FCL PCBL were included. The median number of lesions treated was two per patient. The treatment regimen used in 74% of the patients was a course of three injections in a single week at 1-month intervals. The dose per lesion and day of treatment was 10 mg in 71% of the patients. The median cumulative dose of rituximab per lesion was 60 mg (range 13-270) and per patient was 150 mg (range 20-360 mg). Complete response (CR) and partial response were achieved in 71% and 23% of patients, respectively. The median time to CR in patients who received 10 mg of ILR per lesion was 8 weeks. Similar response rates were observed in MZL and FCL. Median disease-free survival was 114·1 weeks. No parameters that significantly predicted CR were identified. Adverse reactions were recorded in 19 patients; the most frequent was localized pain at the injection site. Median follow-up was 21 months. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional rituximab is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for FCL and MZL PCBL. It should be considered a useful alternative in patients with recurrent lesions and in which the sequelae of radiotherapy or surgery would be significant.

[Risk factors for postoperative complications in major head and neck surgery]. / Factores de riesgo para las complicaciones postoperatorias en cirugía mayor de cabeza y cuello.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tumor extension is the factor that usually determines the choice of radiotherapy or surgery for head and neck cancers. The choice of surgery carries with it certain specific risks that must be assessed jointly by the maxillofacial surgeon and the anesthetist so that they can agree on the best course of action to choose. We aimed to identify risk factors for complications after major head and neck surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive analysis of data for patients who underwent oncologic head and neck surgery with graft reconstruction. The main candidate predictors gathered from records were age, sex, ASA physical status classification, time under anesthesia, and intra- and postoperative events. The main dependent variables were records of early and delayed complications, time until extubation, and related mortality. RESULTS: We identified 61 interventions in 56 patients (mean duration of surgery, 9 hours). Early complications developed in 57.4% while they were in the critical care area. Age > or =60 years was associated with longer hospital stays. Short-term mortality was higher in current smokers (P= .01). Survival was significantly higher in patients classified ASA 1 or 2 in comparison with those classified as ASA 3 or 4, in whom long-term mortality was higher (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative complications was associated with comorbidity and risk behaviors found in this type of patient. We feel that a multidisciplinary medical team should assess the surgical and postoperative care of these patients.

Factores de riesgo para las complicaciones postoperatorias en cirugía mayor de cabeza y cuello / Risk factors for postoperative complications in major head and neck surgery

Objetivo: En los cánceres de cabeza y cuello la extensión del tumor es el parámetro que generalmente determina la elección de la radioterapia o la cirugía como alternativa terapéutica. Esta última opción conlleva unos riesgos específicos que deben ser evaluados conjuntamente por el cirujano maxilofacial y el anestesiólogo para optimizar dicha elección. El objetivo de esta trabajo fue identificar la existencia de factores de riesgo en las complicaciones postoperatorias en cirugía mayor de cabeza y cuello. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía oncológica maxilofacial más reconstrucción con injertos. Como variables principales predictoras se emplearon: edad, sexo, ASA, tiempo de anestesia e incidencias intra y postoperatorias y como variables principales dependientes: indicadores de complicaciones precoces, tardías y tiempo hasta extubación, así como la mortalidad asociada. Resultados: Sesenta y un intervenciones en 56 pacientes con un tiempo promedio de 9 horas de cirugía. Un 57,4% presentaron complicaciones precoces en la unidad de reanimación y 39% complicaciones tardías. Una edad >= 60 años se asoció a mayor duración de estancia hospitalaria. Los fumadores activos presentaron una mayor mortalidad a corto plazo (p = 0,01). Los pacientes con estado físico ASA I-II tuvieron una supervivencia significativamente mayor que los pacientes ASA III-IV, teniendo estos últimos una mayor mortalidad a largo plazo (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La variabilidad en la incidencia de complicaciones postquirúrgicas asociadas a la comorbilidad y conductas de riesgo que presentan este tipo de pacientes, hace necesaria, a nuestro juicio, una evaluación por el equipo médico multidisciplinar involucrado en la cirugía y posteriores cuidados(AU)

Background and objective: Tumor extension is the factor that usually determines the choice of radiotherapy or surgery for head and neck cancers. The choice of surgery carries with it certain specific risks that must be assessed jointly by the maxillofacial surgeon and the anesthetist so that they can agree on the best course of action to choose. We aimed to identify risk factors for complications after major head and neck surgery. Patients and methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis of data for patients who underwent oncologic head and neck surgery with graft reconstruction. The main candidate predictors gathered from records were age, sex, ASA physical status classification, time under anesthesia, and intra- and postoperative events. The main dependent variables were records of early and delayed complications, time until extubation, and related mortality. Results: We identified 61 interventions in 56 patients (mean duration of surgery, 9 hours). Early complications developed in 57.4% while they were in the critical care area. Age >=60 years was associated with longer hospital stays. Short-term mortality was higher in current smokers (P = .01). Survival was significantly higher in patients classified ASA 1 or 2 in comparison with those classified as ASA 3 or 4, in whom long-term mortality was higher (P < .05). Conclusions: The incidence of postoperative complications was associated with comorbidity and risk behaviors found in this type of patient. We feel that a multidisciplinary medical team should assess the surgical and postoperative care of these patients(AU)

[Rate of undernutrition and response to specific nutritional therapy in Crohn's disease]. / Tasa de desnutrición y respuesta al tratamiento nutricional específico en la enfermedad de Crohn.

OBJECTIVES: to determine the rate of malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease in our area (Substudy A). We assess in long-term the response of malnourished patients to treatment of nutritional supplement with TGF-beta2 (Substudy B). SUBJECTS: ninety-eight (51% females) patients with Crohn's disease without selection, ages: 39.2 +/- 15.19 years, range: 18-81 years were included in Substudy A. In Substudy B thirty-nine malnourished patients (52% females) were included with an average age of 36.41 +/- 5.2 years and range: 19-45 (Substudy B). METHODS: the design of the Substudy A was an observational and cross sectional study. Whereas, the Substudy B was a longitudinal, open intervention study with active (historical) control. The variables were anthropometric parameters, electrical bioimpedance, biochemical measures, index of disease activity, subjective global assessment and the kind of treatment that every patient has received. MAIN RESULTS: the malnutrition rate was 52%, being the most frequent the caloric malnutrition, followed by mixed malnutrition. Thirty four per cent of the patients had iron deficiency. Twelve months of nutritional therapy with supplement specifically enriched in TGF-beta2 improved the evolution of the disease determined by a decrease in CDAI. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of malnutrition was similar to that of previous studies realized in Spain. Our study confirms the high rate of iron deficiency that the patients suffer with Crohn's disease. The response to the treatment is favorable, especially regarding the natural history of the disease.

Long-term improvement of metabolic control without increased risk of hypoglycaemia by intensive insulin regimens in type 1 diabetes patients treated in a regular clinical setting.

AIM: To evaluate if intensive insulin regimen with multiple daily injections (MDI) is successful for treating type 1 diabetes patients over a long period of time in a regular clinical setting. METHOD: This is a prospective, observational seven-year study. Fifty-nine (35 male) type 1 diabetic patients with bad metabolic control (HbA1c> or =9%), aged 31.9 years, range 18-47 were included in the present study. All of them had had at least 5 years of diabetes duration after diagnosis and showed negative responses of serum C-peptide to a standard breakfast. The main control variables are: Metabolic control measured by serum HbA1c values (values < 6.2 % was the treatment objective) and the frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes (episodes/patient-month). RESULTS: Significant decreases in mean+/-SD HbA1c values in this group of patients were observed from the first year of follow-up, with the mean values being: 7.5+/-1.5%, 7.2+/-1.8%, 7.6+/-1.6%, 7.1+/-1.7%, 7+/-1.4, 6.6+/-1.6% and 6.8+/-1.4% for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh years of follow-up respectively. Sixteen %, 27.5%, 15.7%, 33.3%, 28.6%, 42% and 33% of the patients reached the treatment objective (HbA1c values<6.2%) for each year of follow-up. Throughout the study period the rate of severe hypoglycaemia (episodes/patient-year) was 0.32+/-0.2 which was not significantly different compared with the value of 0.28+/-0.1 observed the year before the study began. Similarly frequencies of mild/moderate hypoglycaemia episodes (episodes/patient-month) varies between 16.5+/-4 and 21.7+/-5, which are not significantly different from the value of 17.7+/-6 observed the year before the study began. CONCLUSION: Long-term improvement in metabolic control was observed in this group of type 1 diabetes patients with previous bad control, during treatment in a regular clinical setting. A considerable percentage of type 1 diabetic patients with MDI reached the treatment objective in every year of follow-up. Furthermore improvement in metabolic control is not associated with significantly increased frequency of hypoglycaemia episodes.