Lefort I Osteotomy With and Without Osteogenic Distraction in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Experience at Hospital Universitario Infantil De San José.

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) are congenital diseases that lead to several secondary craniofacial anomalies, such as hypoplasia of the middle third of the face, which can be treated with different surgical techniques to help improve functional and esthetic alterations associated with the maxilla. This article reports the results of patients managed with LeFort I osteotomy in the same craniofacial surgery center for 10 years. OBJECTIVE: To determine the postoperative results regarding recurrence rates, malocclusion, and speech status after surgical treatment, in patients with retrusion of the midface with CLP, who underwent LeFort I osteotomy with or without osteogenic distraction (OD). METHODS: A descriptive cohort study was performed at the Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2010 and 2020, evaluating 38 patients with CLP who met the inclusion criteria, all managed by LeFort I osteotomy with and without OD. The authors reported the sociodemographic information, as well as data related to speech before and after surgery, recurrence, complications, and cephalometric characteristics. The recurrence of the patients was described at 6 and 12 months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 20 patients were managed with conventional LeFort I osteotomy, and 23 with LeFort I osteotomy with OD; 5 patients were excluded due to lack of data in the medical records, with a final sample of 38 patients. The distribution based on sex was: 57.8% men and 42.1% women. Regarding laterality, we have 7 patients with right CLP (18.42%), 11 patients with left CLP (28.9%), and 20 patients with bilateral CLP (52.63%), 100% of patients with a class III bite in Angle's classification. In group 1 (OD), 55% of the patients did not present changes in speech before surgery, 30% presented improvement in speech, and 15% worsened it. In group 2 (conventional advancement), 66% of the patients did not present changes in speech, 5.5% presented improvement, and 27.7% presented worsening of speech based on the preoperative condition, with a clinical recurrence at 6 months of 15% for group 1 and of 33% for group 2, and at 1 year of 20% for group 1 and 16% for group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Osteogenic distraction is a safe method that can be applied in patients with CLP depending on the clinical characteristics. According to what is described in the literature, those patients who require advancement of up to 6 mm treated without OD have obtained good results, showing esthetic improvement by increasing the projection of the middle third of the face, without worsening of velopharyngeal insufficiency and achieving an adequate occlusal class (Angle I) in the immediate postoperative period or after the postoperative orthodontic management. However, in patients who require advances ≥7 mm, it is clear that OD is the best option, given its association with a lower recurrence rate, minimal changes in the speech, achieving occlusion edge-to-edge at the end of the distraction or Angle's class I, which is corroborated by the results obtained in this study.

Modificación técnica y experiencia con injerto óseo esponjoso de olécranon para el tratamiento de la hendidura alveolar / Technical modification and experience with cancellous bone graft from olécranon for alveolar cleft

Antecedentes y Objetivo. Para muchos cirujanos plásticos, el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección para el tratamiento de la hendidura alveolar consiste en tomar como zona donante de hueso la cresta iliaca por ser una técnica fácil y reproducible y por la alta disponibilidad de tejido que proporciona. Es escasa la literatura en cuanto al uso de olecranón como zona donante para el tratamiento de esta patología. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los resultados del uso de injerto óseo esponjoso de olécranon para pacientes con hendidura nasoalveolar, recopilando una experiencia de más de 10 años con el procedimiento y valorando la escasa morbilidad generada. Material y método. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de labio y paladar hendido uni o bilateral en los que se utilizó la técnica quirúrgica de toma de injerto esponjoso de olécranon preservando una ventana ósea de cortical para cierre del defecto. Recogimos variables sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, procedencia, diagnóstico, número de injertos; variables clínicas: tiempo de cirugía, dolor postquirúrgico, tiempo de hospitalización y de regreso a actividades cotidianas y complicaciones. Evaluamos a los pacientes clínicamente en el primer control 4 días después de la intervención. Resultados. Obtuvimos datos de 111 pacientes en los que se realizaron 146 injertos óseos de olécranon. El tiempo quirúrgico de la cirugía osciló desde 1 a 1.5 horas. El regreso a las actividades cotidianas tuvo un rango de 2 a 4 días del postoperatorio. El dolor postoperatorio en la zona donante estuvo presente en 5 pacientes (grado III-IV en escala de dolor según las facies) y solo en el primer y segundo tiempo de injerto. Cuatro de ellos tenían diagnóstico según Veau grado III y 1 grado IV. De esos 5 pacientes con dolor, 4 regresaron a sus actividades cotidianas a los 4 días de postoperatorio y 1 a los 3 días. En el momento del injerto óseo, 1 tenía 4 años de edad, 2 tenían 5 años, 1 tenia 6 años, y otro 8 años. Conclusiones. Con la modificación propuesta obtenemos únicamente injerto óseo esponjoso preservando la capa cortical para la posterior cobertura de la ventana ósea practicada en el olécranon. Nuestra casuística pone en evidencia el reducido tiempo quirúrgico de la técnica, la presencia de dolor postoperatorio en un porcentaje bajo de pacientes y su regreso a actividades cotidianas en 2-4 días

Background and Objective. For many plastic surgeons, procedure of election in the management of alveolar cleft is to take iliac crest as donor area as it is an easy surgical technique, with high availability of tissue and adequate reproducibility. The available literature regarding the use of olécranon as a donor area for alveolar cleft management is scarce. Our aim is to describe the results of olécranon cancellous bone graft management for patients with nasoalveolar cleft, compiling a more than 10-year experience performing this procedure and focusing on the low morbidity generated. Methods. We conduct a descriptive, cross-sectional study on patients with a diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate to whom olécranon bone grafts were performed preserving a bone cortical window to close de defect. Sociodemographic variables were collected such as age, sex, origin, diagnosis, number of grafts; and clinical variables such as surgery time, post-surgical pain, time of hospitalization, days of return to daily activities and complications. Patients were clinically evaluated at the first control 4 days after surgery. Results. Data were obtained from 111 patients, to whom 146 cancellous bone graft from olécranon were performed. Surgical time ranged from 1 to 1.5 hours. Return to daily activities ranged from 2 to 4 days after surgery. Five patients presented post-surgical pain in the donor area (grade III-IV in the pain scale according to the facies)., and only in the first and second time of grafts. Of those patients, 4 were diagnosed as grade III and 1 as grade IV according to Veau. Four returned to daily activities 4 days after surgery and 1 after 3 days. At the time of bone grafting, 1 patient was 4 years old, 2 were 5 years old, 1 was 6 years old, and another one was 8 years old. Conclusions. With the proposed modification we obtain only cancellous bone graft preserving cortical surface for ulterior close of the bone window created on the olécranon. Our serie of patients evidence a reduced surgical time, the presence of pain only in a low percentage of patients and their return to daily activities in 2-4 days after surgery

Evento coronario agudo: correlacion clinica de enzimas cardiacas y hallazgos electrocardiograficos en un servicio de urgencias de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia), año 2009 / Acute coronary event: clinical correlation of cardiac enzyme and electrocardiographic findings in an emergency department of Manizales city (Colombia), year 2009

Antecedentes: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la primera causa de morbimortalidad de occidente y la segunda de muerte en Colombia; este estudio pretende verificar la relacion entre hallazgos electrocardiograficos, enzimaticos y clinicos en consultantes por dolor toracico a un servicio de urgencias de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia, con sospecha de esta enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio de corte transversal durante el 2009 en donde se analizaron 286 historias clinicas que conformaron la muestra objeto del estudio evaluandose variables demograficas, caracteristicas del dolor, hallazgos electrocardiograficos, valores enzimaticos y factores de riesgo. Resultados: Se encontro en el evento coronario agudo una frecuencia de 24,1%, de troponina positiva 15,5%, de CK total positiva, 6.9% CKMB positiva y electrocardiograma positivo en el 91,1%; en el diagnostico de infarto agudo de miocardio la CKMB fue positiva en 18,2%, CK total positiva en 45,5%, troponina positiva en 68,2% y ECG positivo en el 100% de casos. El 35% de los pacientes con diagnostico diferente a evento coronario agudo presento troponina positiva, CK total positiva en 33,3 % y CK MB positiva en 21,1 %, pudiendose atribuir esto a comorbilidades. Conclusiones: La poca sensibilidad y especificidad demostrada por las cardioenzimas en el estudio, pudo deberse a la inadecuada toma de las muestras pues su elevacion comienza a las 3 a 4 horas como ya se demostro en varios estudios. Las cardioenzimas, los hallazgos electrocardiograficos y clinicos siguen siendo importantes ante la sospecha de cardiopatia isquemica, su diagnostico y manejo.