Problematic Internet Use among adolescents: Spanish validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS). / Uso Problemático de Internet en adolescentes: Validación en español de la Escala de Uso Compulsivo de Internet (CIUS).

Problematic use of the Internet among adolescents has risen in the last decade. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is one of the most frequently internationally-used tools developed to assess Problematic Internet Use (PIU). However, evidence concerning its validity and reliability in its Spanish version for the adolescent population is currently lacking. Thus, the main goal of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of CIUS scores in a large sample of Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of 1,790 participants (53.7% female, mean age = 15.70 years old, SD = 1.26). The one-dimensional model displayed appropriate goodness of fit indices after error covariance of five items were allowed to correlate. Strong measurement invariance was found for the one-dimensional model across age and gender. The McDonald's Omega coefficient for the total score was 0.91. Furthermore, PIU was positively associated with different indicators of poor wellbeing and psychological difficulties and negatively associated with prosocial behaviour, self-esteem and sense of belonging to the educational centre. The study provided evidence of validity for the CIUS, confirming its utility for screening PIU in non-clinical adolescents.

La Escala de Uso Compulsivo de Internet (Compulsive Internet Use Scale, CIUS) es uno de los instrumentos más empleados a nivel internacional para evaluar el Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI). Sin embargo, no existen evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de la versión española en población adolescente. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las puntuaciones de la CIUS en una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. La muestra contó con 1.790 participantes (53,7% mujeres, edad media = 15,70 años, DT = 1,26). El análisis de la estructura interna del instrumento mostró unos índices de bondad de ajuste apropiados para el modelo unidimensional después de que se permitiera correlacionar la covarianza de errores de cinco ítems. Se encontró invarianza de medición fuerte para el modelo unidimensional en las variables de edad y género. El coeficiente Omega de McDonald para la puntuación total fue 0,91. Además, el UPI se asoció positivamente con diferentes indicadores de malestar y dificultades psicológicas y negativamente con el comportamiento prosocial, la autoestima y el sentido de pertenencia al centro educativo. Este estudio arroja evidencias de validez de la CIUS, y sugiere que puede ser una herramienta apropiada para medir el UPI en adolescentes de la población general.

[Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review]

Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review. BACKGROUND: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. METHOD: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. RESULTS: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help.

Tratamientos Psicológicos Empíricamente Apoyados Para Adultos: Una Revisión Selectiva / Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su efi cacia, efectividad y efi ciencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científi co generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las Guías de Práctica Clínica) para diferentes trastornos psicológicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos psicológicos disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de trastornos psicológicos. El grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo a alto en función del trastorno psicológico analizado. La revisión sugiere que ciertos campos de intervención necesitan una mayor investigación. Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisión selectiva, los profesionales de la psicología podrán disponer de información rigurosa y actualizada que les permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos procedimientos psicoterapéuticos empíricamente fundamentados en función de las características de las personas que demandan ayuda. (AU)

Background: Psychological treatments have shown their effi cacy, effectiveness, and effi ciency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientifi c knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fi elds of intervention that need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help. (AU)

The study of Positive and Negative Affect in children and adolescents: New advances in a Spanish version of the PANAS.

The study of affective disorders among young population has become increasingly relevant in the last years. The PANAS is a widely used questionnaire devoted to assess positive and negative affect. The main purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PANAS for children (PANAS). The sample consisted of 1032 children and adolescents aged between 10 and 15 years. The ESEM two factor model (Positive Affect and Negative Affect) was found as the most suitable model. The PANAS scores also showed acceptable internal consistency. The ESEM two factor model was invariant across gender and educational level. Results showed statistically significant differences in the latent mean scores with females scoring higher than males in and younger students scoring lower in PA. Positive and negative affect were related with external variables of well-being. The present psychometric study supports the PANAS as a brief and useful tool for the screening of PA and NA in children and adolescents.

Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment in a Spanish Sample of Adolescents.

Introducction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between emotional and behavioral difficulties and suicidal ideation, bullying and cyberbullying, and substance use in adolescents. METHOD: The sample consisted of a total of 1,664 participants (M=16.12 years, SD=1.36, range 14-19 years, 697 males), selected by stratified random sampling. The instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Paykel Suicide Scale, the Cyberbullying- Brief Questionnaire, the Modified Substance Consumption Questionnaire, and the Oviedo Infrequency Response Scale. RESULTS: The results showed that 7.7% of adolescents obtained risk scores of poor mental health, and 13.4% would be in the limit score range. In addition, the results indicated that adolescents who showed a possible risk of emotional and behavioral mental health problems also present greater suicidal ideation, behaviors related to bullying and cyberbullying (perception, victimization), and substance use, specifically tobacco and cannabis. CONCLUSIONS: These results increase awareness of the importance of adolescents’ mental health, improve the training of health professionals and guide the implementation of measures to promote health and reduce the risk factors for suicide, school bullying and of substance use and abuse.

Ajuste Emocional y Comportamental en una Muestra de Adolescentes Españoles / Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment in a Spanish Sample of Adolescents

Introducción. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre las dificultades en el ajuste emocional y comportamental y la ideación suicida, el acoso escolar (bullying, ciberbullying) y el consumo de sustancias en adolescentes. Método. La muestra la formaron un total de 1.664 participantes (M=16,12 años; DT=1,36, rango 14-19 años, 697 varones), seleccionados mediante muestreo estratificado por conglomerados. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades, la Escala Paykel de Ideación Suicida, el Cuestionario de Ciberbullying-Breve, el Cuestionario de Consumo de Sustancias Modificado y la Escala Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el 7,7% de los adolescentes obtuvo puntuaciones de riesgo de problemas de salud mental, mientras que el 13,4% estaría en la franja de puntuación límite. Además, los adolescentes que mostraron dificultades en el ajuste emocional y comportamental también presentaron mayor ideación suicida, conductas relacionadas con el acoso escolar y ciberacoso (percepción, victimización), y consumo de sustancias, concretamente tabaco y cannabis. Conclusiones. Estos resultados incrementan la concienciación sobre la importancia de la salud mental de los adolescentes, permiten mejorar la formación de los profesionales de la salud y guían la puesta en marcha de medidas para promocionar la salud y reducir los factores de riesgo suicida, de acoso escolar y de uso y abuso de sustancias

Introducction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between emotional and behavioral difficulties and suicidal ideation, bullying and cyberbullying, and substance use in adolescents. Method. The sample consisted of a total of 1,664 participants (M=16.12 years, SD=1.36, range 14-19 years,697 males), selected by stratified random sampling. The instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Paykel Suicide Scale, the Cyberbullying-Brief Questionnaire, the Modified Substance Consumption Questionnaire, and the Oviedo Infrequency Response Scale. Results. The results showed that 7.7% of adolescents obtained risk scores of poor mental health, and 13.4% would be in the limit score range. In addition, the results indicated that adolescents who showed a possible risk of emotional and behavioral mental health problems also present greater suicidal ideation, behaviors related to bullying and cyberbullying (perception, victimization), and substance use, specifically tobacco and cannabis. Conclusions. These results increase awareness of the importance of adolescents' mental health, improve the training of health professionals and guide the implementation of measures to promote health and reduce the risk factors for suicide, school bullying and of substance use and abuse

Screening for depressive symptoms in adolescents at school: New validity evidences on the short form of the Reynolds Depression Scale.

The main purpose of the present study was to assess the depressive symptomatology and to gather new validity evidences of the Reynolds Depression Scale-Short form (RADS-SF) in a representative sample of youths. The sample consisted of 2914 adolescents with a mean age of 15.85 years (SD = 1.68). We calculated the descriptive statistics and internal consistency of the RADS-SF scores. Also, confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) at the item level and successive multigroup CFAs to test measurement invariance, were conducted. Latent mean differences across gender and educational level groups were estimated, and finally, we studied the sources of validity evidences with other external variables. The level of internal consistency of the RADS-SF Total score by means of Ordinal alpha was .89. Results from CFAs showed that the one-dimensional model displayed appropriate goodness of-fit indices with CFI value over .95, and RMSEA value under .08. In addition, the results support the strong measurement invariance of the RADS-SF scores across gender and age. When latent means were compared, statistically significant differences were found by gender and age. Females scored 0.347 over than males in Depression latent variable, whereas older adolescents scored 0.111 higher than the younger group. In addition, the RADS-SF score was associated with the RADS scores. The results suggest that the RADS-SF could be used as an efficient screening test to assess self-reported depressive symptoms in adolescents from the general population.

Adaptación española de la versión para adultos de la Escala de Placer Interpersonal Anticipatorio y Consumatorio / Spanish adaptation of the adult version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale

Introducción. Hasta la fecha hay una relativa escasez de medidas centradas en la evaluación de la anhedonia social que sean útiles para su uso, tanto en pacientes como en población general, y que al mismo tiempo sean adecuadas en cuanto a su contenido y brevedad. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue validar la adaptación española de la Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS, «Escala de Placer Interpersonal Anticipatorio y Consumatorio»)-versión para adultos. Método. La muestra total incluyó 387 participantes no clínicos (128 hombres). La media de edad fue de 21,86 años (DT = 5,11; rango 18-46 años). Se utilizaron la ACIPS y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II como instrumentos de medida. Resultados. El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó una solución de 3 factores que explicó el 79,1% de la varianza total (interacciones sociales íntimas, vinculación social en el contexto de los medios de comunicación y socialización informal). El alfa ordinal para la puntuación total de la ACIPS fue de 0,92, oscilando entre 0,76 y 0,84 para las subescalas. Los participantes que informaron de bajos niveles de síntomas depresivos tenían significativamente mayores puntuaciones en la ACIPS, en comparación con aquellos que presentaban niveles moderados-graves. La puntuación total de la ACIPS se asoció negativamente con las puntuaciones del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (r = −0,22; p ≤ 0,001). Los participantes con historia familiar previa de esquizofrenia mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en la ACIPS, en comparación con aquellos que no tenían antecedentes familiares. Conclusiones. Los resultados parecen mostrar que la versión española de la ACIPS presenta unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. La ACIPS podría ser una herramienta útil para analizar las distintas formas en que las diferencias individuales en la capacidad hedónica de las relaciones interpersonales se relacionan con el riesgo de padecer psicopatología (AU)

Introduction. To date, there is a relative dearth of measures focusing on social anhedonia that are suitable for both patient and non-patient samples, up to date in terms of their content, and relatively brief. The goal of the present investigation was to validate the Spanish translation of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS)-Adult version for use with Spanish-speaking populations. Method. The total sample included 387 nonclinical individuals from Spain (128 males). The mean age was 21.86 years (SD = 5.11; range 18-46 years). The ACIPS and the Beck Depression Inventory-II were used. Results. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor solution which explained 79.1% of the variance (intimate social interactions, social bonding in the context of media/communications, and casual socialization). The total ACIPS showed good internal consistency, estimated with ordinal alpha; it was 0.92, ranging from 0.76 to 0.84 for the subscales. The participants who reported a minimal to low level of depressive symptoms had significantly higher total ACIPS scores than the participants who reported experiencing moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms. Total scores on the ACIPS were negatively associated with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (r = −0.22, p ≤ .001). Participants with a family history reported significantly lower total ACIPS scores than those without a family history of schizophrenia. Conclusions. The present results showed that the Spanish version of the ACIPS scores had adequate psychometric properties. The ACIPS may be useful in terms of helping to elucidate the ways in which individual differences in hedonic capacity for social and interpersonal relationships relates meaningfully to risk for various forms of psychopathology (AU)

[Spanish adaptation of the adult version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale]. / Adaptación española de la versión para adultos de la Escala de Placer Interpersonal Anticipatorio y Consumatorio.

INTRODUCTION: To date, there is a relative dearth of measures focusing on social anhedonia that are suitable for both patient and non-patient samples, up to date in terms of their content, and relatively brief. The goal of the present investigation was to validate the Spanish translation of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS)-Adult version for use with Spanish-speaking populations. METHOD: The total sample included 387 nonclinical individuals from Spain (128 males). The mean age was 21.86 years (SD=5.11; range 18-46 years). The ACIPS and the Beck Depression Inventory-II were used. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor solution which explained 79.1% of the variance (intimate social interactions, social bonding in the context of media/communications, and casual socialization). The total ACIPS showed good internal consistency, estimated with ordinal alpha; it was 0.92, ranging from 0.76 to 0.84 for the subscales. The participants who reported a minimal to low level of depressive symptoms had significantly higher total ACIPS scores than the participants who reported experiencing moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms. Total scores on the ACIPS were negatively associated with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (r=-0.22, p≤.001). Participants with a family history reported significantly lower total ACIPS scores than those without a family history of schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: The present results showed that the Spanish version of the ACIPS scores had adequate psychometric properties. The ACIPS may be useful in terms of helping to elucidate the ways in which individual differences in hedonic capacity for social and interpersonal relationships relates meaningfully to risk for various forms of psychopathology.