The poverty of adult morphology: Bioacoustics, genetics, and internal tadpole morphology reveal a new species of glassfrog (Anura: Centrolenidae: Ikakogi) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.

Ikakogi is a behaviorally and morphologically intriguing genus of glassfrog. Using tadpole morphology, vocalizations, and DNA, a new species is described from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia. The new taxon is the second known species of the genus Ikakogi and is morphologically identical to I. tayrona (except for some larval characters) but differs by its genetic distance (14.8% in mitochondrial encoded cytochrome b MT-CYB; ca. 371 bp) and by the dominant frequency of its advertisement call (2928-3273 Hz in contrast to 2650-2870 Hz in I. tayrona). They also differ in the number of lateral buccal floor papillae, and the position of the buccal roof arena papillae. Additionally, the new species is differentiated from all other species of Centrolenidae by the following traits: tympanum visible, vomerine teeth absent, humeral spines present in adult males, bones in life white with pale green in epiphyses, minute punctuations present on green skin dorsum, and flanks with lateral row of small, enameled dots that extend from below eye to just posterior to arm insertion. We describe the external and internal larval morphology of the new species and we redescribe the larval morphology of Ikakogi tayrona on the basis of field collected specimens representing several stages of development from early to late metamorphosis. We discuss the relevance of larval morphology for the taxonomy and systematics of Ikakogi and other centrolenid genera. Finally, we document intraspecific larval variation in meristic characters and ontogenetic changes in eye size, coloration, and labial tooth-rows formulas, and compare tadpoles of related species. Ikakogi tayrona has been proposed as the sister taxon of all other Centrolenidae; our observations and new species description offers insights about the ancestral character-states of adults, egg clutches, and larval features in this lineage of frogs.

Hierro intravenoso, recuperación funcional y delirium en pacientes con fractura de cadera. Estudio FEDEREF. Ensayo clínico unicéntrico aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, doble ciego. Número EudraCT: 2014-001923-53 / Intravenous iron, functional recovery and delirium in patients with hip fracture. FEDEREF study. Single-centre randomised, placebo-controlled, and double-blind clinical trial. 2014-001923-53: EudraCT number

Introducción. No existen estudios previos que evalúen el efecto de la ferroterapia intravenosa sobre la situación funcional y cognitiva de pacientes con fractura de cadera (FC). Material y métodos. Ensayo clínico unicéntrico aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, doble ciego en grupos paralelos, para comparar la eficacia del tratamiento con hierro intravenoso perioperatorio en pacientes ancianos intervenidos de FC. Se asegura el enmascaramiento del tratamiento, envolviendo el fármaco y el sistema de infusión. El grupo intervención recibirá, los días 1, 3 y 5 de ingreso, 200mg de Venofer (R ) (hierro sacarosa), diluidos en 100ml de suero salino y el control, 100ml de suero salino los días 1, 3 y 5 de ingreso. Los pacientes reciben la asistencia convencional en la Unidad de Ortogeriatría del Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía. Para valorar el impacto del tratamiento, se recogen variables funcionales (actividades de la vida diaria y capacidad de deambulación), cognitivas (situación cognitiva previa y delirium), quirúrgicas, demográficas y clínicas durante el ingreso y se realiza un análisis de seguridad del tratamiento. Los pacientes reciben seguimiento a los 3, 6 y 12 meses. Resultados. El estudio reportará evidencia acerca del impacto de la administración de hierro intravenoso sobre la recuperación funcional a corto y medio plazo. Permitirá evaluar si la administración de ferroterapia intravenosa tiene algún efecto negativo sobre la incidencia de delirium postoperatorio. Aportará información acerca de la seguridad de la administración de ferroterapia intravenosa en pacientes ancianos con FC y su repercusión sobre el ahorro transfusional. Conclusiones. La inclusión de los pacientes ancianos con FC ingresados en una unidad de ortogeriatría en el ensayo clínico permitirá la evaluación del impacto del fármaco en un escenario habitual, y aportará datos valiosos para la protocolización de su uso en otras unidades (AU)

Introduction. There are no previous studies evaluating the effect of intravenous iron therapy on functional and cognitive status of patients with hip fracture (HF). Material and methods. A single-centre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind and parallel treatment, clinical trial has been designed to assess the efficacy of intravenous iron therapy during the peri-operative period in elderly patients suffering from a HF. Blinding will be ensured by the packaging of the drug infusion system. On days 1, 3, and 5 from admission, the intervention group will receive 200mg Venofer (R ) (iron sucrose) diluted in 100ml saline, and the control group 100ml saline, also on days 1, 3 and 5. Patients will received conventional treatment in ortho-geriatric unit of the Hospital Infanta Sofia. Functional variables (activities of daily living and walking), cognitive (cognitive status and delirium), surgical, demographic and clinical characteristics will be collected during admission in order to assess the impact of treatment. A safety analysis of the treatment will also performed. Patients will be followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results. The study will attempt to provide evidence on the impact of the intravenous iron administration on functional recovery. It will be determined whether iron therapy negatively affects the incidence of post-operative delirium. Finally, report will be presented on the safety data of intravenous iron in elderly HF patients, as well as the impact on allogenic blood transfusion savings. Conclusions. The inclusion of elderly HF patients admitted to an ortho-geriatric unit, in a clinical trial, will help to improve the knowledge of the treatment impact on a usual scenario, and provide useful data for use in other units (AU)

[Intravenous iron, functional recovery and delirium in patients with hip fracture. FEDEREF study. Single-centre randomised, placebo-controlled, and double-blind clinical trial. 2014-001923-53: EudraCT number]. / Hierro intravenoso, recuperación funcional y delirium en pacientes con fractura de cadera. Estudio FEDEREF. Ensayo clínico unicéntrico aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, doble ciego. Número EudraCT: 2014-001923-53.

INTRODUCTION: There are no previous studies evaluating the effect of intravenous iron therapy on functional and cognitive status of patients with hip fracture (HF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-centre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind and parallel treatment, clinical trial has been designed to assess the efficacy of intravenous iron therapy during the peri-operative period in elderly patients suffering from a HF. Blinding will be ensured by the packaging of the drug infusion system. On days 1, 3, and 5 from admission, the intervention group will receive 200mg Venofer® (iron sucrose) diluted in 100ml saline, and the control group 100ml saline, also on days 1, 3 and 5. Patients will received conventional treatment in ortho-geriatric unit of the Hospital Infanta Sofia. Functional variables (activities of daily living and walking), cognitive (cognitive status and delirium), surgical, demographic and clinical characteristics will be collected during admission in order to assess the impact of treatment. A safety analysis of the treatment will also performed. Patients will be followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The study will attempt to provide evidence on the impact of the intravenous iron administration on functional recovery. It will be determined whether iron therapy negatively affects the incidence of post-operative delirium. Finally, report will be presented on the safety data of intravenous iron in elderly HF patients, as well as the impact on allogenic blood transfusion savings. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of elderly HF patients admitted to an ortho-geriatric unit, in a clinical trial, will help to improve the knowledge of the treatment impact on a usual scenario, and provide useful data for use in other units.

Toxicomanías / Drug Addiction

El objetivo de este texto es elaborar un análisis cuantitativo de los pacientes que ingresaron con algún diagnóstico relacionado con las toxicomanías en el Manicomio General La Castañeda y en el Hospital Federal de Toxicómanos, en el periodo que comprende los años de 1910 a 1968. Y aunque en el se dio un ingreso considerable de alchohólicos, el 15%, no comentaremos los datos de esta población y nos enfocaremos principalmente a los consumidores de marihuana, heroína, morfina y opio, tomando en cuenta que existe un apartado que aborda la población de alcohólicos y que el ingreso se da precisamente durante la Campaña Contra el Alcoholismo y otras Toxicomanías, tópico que es tratado en dicho texto.(AU)