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1.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(11): 539-543, nov. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-144367

RESUMO

Introducción: El déficit de alfa 1 antitripsina (DAAT) es un desorden genético asociado a enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en edad temprana y enfermedad hepática. A su vez, es una condición altamente subdiagnosticada, lo que haría necesario el desarrollo de programas de cribado para identificar a pacientes afectados, ya que el diagnóstico podría promover intervenciones específicas como cese tabáquico, estudio de familiares, consejo genético y uso de terapia de reemplazo. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de DAAT grave en pacientes con EPOC mediante la cuantificación de la proteína en sangre seca de forma rutinaria y posterior genotipado de aquellos pacientes con concentraciones por debajo de un umbral establecido. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de EPOC que consultaron al Hospital Dr. Antonio Cetrángolo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre 2009 y 2012. La participación en el estudio consistió en la toma de una muestra de sangre por punción capilar del pulpejo del dedo para la determinación de las concentraciones de alfa 1 antitripsina (AAT), evaluación clínica y evaluación de función pulmonar. En los pacientes con déficit, se determinó adicionalmente el genotipo. Resultados: Un total de 1.002 pacientes fueron evaluados, de los cuales 785 (78,34%) tuvieron un valor normal de AAT, mientras que en 217 (21,66%) se detectó un déficit de concentración de AAT; a este último subgrupo se les realizó genotipado posterior, que arrojó: 15 (1,5%, IC 95% 0,75-2,25) pacientes con genotipo asociado a DAAT grave, de los cuales 12 ZZ (1,2%, IC 95% 0,52-1,87) y 3 SZ (0,3%, IC 95% 0-0,64). Los 202 pacientes restantes se clasificaron como: 29 heterocigotos Z (2,89%, IC 95% 1,86-3,93), 25 heterocigotos S (2,5%, IC 95% 1,53-3,46) y 4 SS (0,4%, IC 95% 0,01-0,79). Por otra parte, en 144 pacientes (14,37%, IC 95% 12,2-16,54) no se llegó a un diagnóstico definitivo. Conclusión: La estrategia utilizada con concentración sérica inicial de AAT según la proteína en sangre seca y posterior genotipado resultó adecuada como primera aproximación a un programa de cribado de DAAT grave, ya que se logró el diagnóstico definitivo en un 87% de los pacientes. Sin embargo, no se obtuvieron resultados por razones logísticas en el 13% restante. La implementación de técnicas para fenotipado en proteína en sangre seca permitirá corregir este significativo problema en esta etapa. Creemos que los resultados obtenidos avalarían su aplicación para la detección DAAT en poblaciones de pacientes con EPOC en cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las guías nacionales e internacionales


Introduction: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated with early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease. It is also a highly under-diagnosed condition. As early diagnosis could prompt specific interventions such as smoking cessation, testing of family members, genetic counselling and use of replacement therapy, screening programs are needed to identify affected patients. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of severe AATD in COPD patients by routine dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels below an established threshold. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of adult COPD patients attending the Hospital Dr. Antonio Cetrángolo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 2009 and 2012. The study consisted of capillary blood collection via finger stick to determine AAT levels, clinical evaluation and lung function tests. Genotype was determined in AAT-deficient patients. Results: A total of 1,002 patients were evaluated, of whom 785 (78.34%) had normal AAT levels, while low AAT levels were found in 217 (21.66%). Subsequent genotyping of the latter sub-group found: 15 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.75-2.25) patients with a genotype associated with severe AATD, of whom 12 were ZZ (1.2%, 95% CI 0.52-1.87) and 3 SZ (0.3%, 95% CI 0-0.64). The remaining 202 patients were classified as: 29 Z heterozygotes (2.89%, 95% CI 1.86-3.93), 25 S heterozygotes (2.5%, 95% CI 1.53-3.46) and 4 SS (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01-0.79). A definitive diagnosis could not be reached in 144 patients (14.37%, 95% CI 12.2-16.54). Conclusion: The strategy using an initial serum AAT level obtained by dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping was a satisfactory initial approach to a screening program for severe AAT, as a definitive diagnosis was achieved in 87% of patients. However, results were not obtained for logistical reasons in the remaining 13%. This major obstacle may be overcome by the use of dried blood spot phenotyping techniques. We believe this approach for detecting AATD in COPD patients, in compliance with national and international guidelines, is supported by our results


Assuntos
Humanos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/genética , Estudos Transversais , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Marcadores Genéticos
2.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 51(11): 539-43, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25800328

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder associated with early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease. It is also a highly under-diagnosed condition. As early diagnosis could prompt specific interventions such as smoking cessation, testing of family members, genetic counselling and use of replacement therapy, screening programs are needed to identify affected patients. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of severe AATD in COPD patients by routine dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels below an established threshold. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adult COPD patients attending the Hospital Dr. Antonio Cetrángolo (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 2009 and 2012. The study consisted of capillary blood collection via finger stick to determine AAT levels, clinical evaluation and lung function tests. Genotype was determined in AAT-deficient patients. RESULTS: A total of 1,002 patients were evaluated, of whom 785 (78.34%) had normal AAT levels, while low AAT levels were found in 217 (21.66%). Subsequent genotyping of the latter sub-group found: 15 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.75-2.25) patients with a genotype associated with severe AATD, of whom 12 were ZZ (1.2%, 95% CI 0.52-1.87) and 3 SZ (0.3%, 95% CI 0-0.64). The remaining 202 patients were classified as: 29 Z heterozygotes (2.89%, 95% CI 1.86-3.93), 25 S heterozygotes (2.5%, 95% CI 1.53-3.46) and 4 SS (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01-0.79). A definitive diagnosis could not be reached in 144 patients (14.37%, 95% CI 12.2-16.54). CONCLUSION: The strategy using an initial serum AAT level obtained by dried blood spot testing and subsequent genotyping was a satisfactory initial approach to a screening program for severe AAT, as a definitive diagnosis was achieved in 87% of patients. However, results were not obtained for logistical reasons in the remaining 13%. This major obstacle may be overcome by the use of dried blood spot phenotyping techniques. We believe this approach for detecting AATD in COPD patients, in compliance with national and international guidelines, is supported by our results.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Focalização Isoelétrica , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria , Fenótipo , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fumar/epidemiologia , Espirometria , alfa 1-Antitripsina/sangue , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética
3.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(1): 28-35, mar. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-842895

RESUMO

Introducción: No se conoce con exactitud cuál es el número de mujeres que fuman durante el embarazo y es difícil su evaluación, ya que muchas de ellas niegan ser fumadoras en sus consultas médicas. Ante la falta de datos epidemiológicos en Argentina, se realizó esta encuesta a fin de estimar la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en una población de mujeres embarazadas en distintos centros de salud de la Argentina. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal, no terapéutico, descriptivo, a través de una encuesta anónima a mujeres gestantes en cualquier trimestre y sin límite de edad. El cuestionario utilizado fue diseñado a tal fin por un grupo de especialistas en neumonología de la Sección Neumonología Clínica de la Asociación Argentina de Medicina Respiratoria. Resultados y discusión: La prevalencia de fumadoras del total de encuestadas fue del 19.8%. La casuística analizada, al igual que la de otros autores, demostró que un alto porcentaje de embarazadas mantiene el consumo de cigarrillos a pesar de conocer los riesgos de la adicción sobre el feto y la madre.


Introduction: It is not known exactly the number of women who smoke during pregnancy and its estimate is difficult because many of them deny being smokers at the medical consultation. In the absence of epidemiological data in Argentina, this survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of the tobacco smoking habit in a population of pregnant women in different health centers in Argentina. Material and methods: We performed a prospective, cross sectional, non-therapeutic, and descriptive, through an anonymous survey of pregnant women in any quarter and without age limit. The questionnaire was designed for this purpose by a group of specialists of the Pulmonary Clinic Pulmonary Section of the Argentina Association of Respiratory Medicine. Results and discussion: The prevalence of smoking habit of the total respondents was 19.8%. The data analysis, like in other publications, showed that a high percentage of pregnant keeps the smoking habit despite knowing the risks of addiction on the fetus and mother.


Assuntos
Gravidez , Tabagismo
4.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 14(4): 375-381, dic. 2014. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-750534

RESUMO

El tabaquismo es una enfermedad crónica y adictiva. La intervención para cesación tabáquica dada por enfermeros es de utilidad para estimular el abandono. El tabaquismo en el personal de la salud puede ser una barrera en la efectividad de la intervención. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de tabaquismo en enfermeros que desempeñan sus tareas en dos hospitales especializados en patología respiratoria. Se realizó una encuesta autoadministrada a los enfermeros de dichas instituciones. Los encuestados se clasificaron en no fumadores (NF), ex fumadores (EF), fumadores activos (FA) y fumadores ocasionales (FO). Respondieron a la encuesta 133 enfermeros (74%). Edad promedio: 4 2 ± 11 años. 71% eran mujeres. 45% nunca había fumado, 24% EF, 26% FA y 5% FO. La mayoría consideraba al tabaquismo como una adicción. 92% deseaba recibir información sobre el tema. El grupo FA estaba compuesto por 35 enfermeros de los cuales el 57% eran mujeres. El monóxido de carbono espirado (COesp) fue de 16 ± 12 ppm. Habían comenzado a fumar a los 17 ± 5 años. Fumaban 15 ± 6 cigarrillos por día. El 23% no tenía intenciones de dejar de fumar. En este grupo había mayor proporción de hombres con respecto a los NF. El considerar al tabaquismo como un hábito fue más frecuente entre los FA que en los NF y EF. La proporción de FA es semejante a la población general por lo que se debería realizar una capacitación adecuada en este grupo y ofrecer tratamiento con apoyo intensivo a aquellos que quieran encarar la cesación.


Cigarette smoking is a chronic addiction. In that respect, the role of nurses is central when it comes to stop smoking. Such role may not be effective if the smokers see that the nurses are smoking. The objective of the survey was to know the prevalence of smoking habit in nurses who work at two hospitals specialized in pulmonary diseases. The nurses who participated were classified into non smokers (NS), former smokers (FS), active smokers (AS) and occasional smokers (OS). 133 nurses completed the survey forms (74%). Their age was 42, SD ± 11 years. 71% were female, 45% had never smoked, 25% were FS, 26% AS and 5% OS. Most of them considered cigarette smoking as an addiction. 92% were willing to receive information about the subject. There were 35 nurses in the AS group, and 57% were females. The expired carbon monoxide was 16, SD ± 2 ppm. They had started smoking when they were 17, SD ± 5 years old and on average smoked 15, SD ± 6 cigarettes a day. 23% of them had no intention of quitting. In this AS group, there were more males than in the NS group. Tobacco smoking was more frequently seen as a habit than in the NS and the FS groups. The proportion of tobacco smokers in nurses is similar to that found in general population. In consequence, we should be aware of that fact so that we can offer an effective treatment with intensive support to those who aim at cessation.


Assuntos
Tabagismo , Enfermagem
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