Polymorphism in cytolytic pathway genes in patients with pediatric inflammatory multisystemic syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 / Polimorfismos em genes da via citolítica em pacientes com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica temporariamente associada ao SARS-CoV-2

Introduction: Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) is a systemic hyperinflammatory disease that occurs in a small number of children after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Macrophage activation syndrome, an aggressive condition characterized by the excessive inflammation and activation of well-differentiated macrophages, has been shown to occur in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Considering the clinical and pathophysiological similarities between these diseases, our main objective was to determine whether gene polymorphisms associated with macrophage activation syndrome were also present in patients with PIMS-TS. Methods: DNA from 10 pediatric patients with PIMS-TS (case group) and ten COVID-19 patients without PIMS-TS (control group) were genotyped by Real-time PCR analysis (TaqMan®) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in four genes associated with macrophage activation syndrome: perforin 1 (PRF1), granzyme B (GZMB), syntaxin 11 (STX11), and syntaxin binding protein 2 (STXBP2). The SNP analysis was performed using the additive, dominant, and recessive models. Results: A significantly higher frequency of an SNP (C wild allele in rs6573910) in the GZMB gene was observed in both the additive and dominant models in the PIMS-TS group than controls. A borderline significant difference was also observed for the G allele in rs7764017 of the STX11 gene in the PIMS-TS group in the additive model. Conclusions: This study indicated the presence of two polymorphisms in genes associated with macrophage activation syndrome (GZMB and STX11) in patients who developed PIMS-TS. If the presence of these SNPs is validated in a larger number of PIMS-TS cases, they can be used as potential biomarkers for early identification of pediatric patients with a higher probability of developing PIMS-TS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Introdução: A síndrome multissistêmica inflamatória pediátrica temporariamente associada ao SARS-CoV-2 (SIMP-TS) é uma doença hiperinflamatória sistêmica que ocorre em um pequeno número de crianças após serem infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2. A síndrome de ativação de macrófagos (SAM), uma condição agressiva caracterizada pela inflamação excessiva e ativação de macrófagos bem diferenciados, demonstrou ocorrer em pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2. Considerando as semelhanças clínicas e fisiopatológicas entre essas doenças, neste estudo o nosso principal objetivo foi determinar se polimorfismos gênicos associados à SAM também estavam presentes em pacientes com SIMP-TS. Métodos: DNA de dez pacientes pediátricos com SIMP (grupo caso) e dez pacientes COVID-19 sem SIMP (grupo controle) foram genotipados por análise de PCR em tempo real (tecnologia TaqMan®) para polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) em quatro genes selecionados associados com SAM: perforina 1 (PRF1), granzima B (GZMB), sintaxina 11 (STX11) e proteína de ligação de sintaxina 2 (STXBP2). A análise dos SNPs foi realizada utilizando o modelo aditivo, dominante e recessivo. Resultados: Uma frequência significativamente maior de um SNP (alelo selvagem C em rs6573910) no gene GZMB foi observada pelos modelos aditivo e dominante no grupo SIMP quando comparado aos controles. Além disso, uma significância limítrofe foi observada para o alelo G em rs7764017 do gene STX11 no grupo SIMP pelo modelo aditivo. Conclusões: Nosso estudo indicou a presença de dois polimorfismos em genes associados à SAM (GZMB e STX11) em pacientes que desenvolveram SIMP-TS. Uma vez validada a presença desses SNPs em um número maior de casos de SIMP-TS, eles podem ser usados como potenciais biomarcadores para a identificação precoce de pacientes pediátricos com maior probabilidade de desenvolver SIMP-TS associado à infecção por SARS-CoV-2.

The association of breastfeeding and other factors on respiratory virus positivity and severity in hospitalized children.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most prevalent diseases in children under 5 years old, and viruses are the leading cause. ARIs arise due to numerous factors, including age, contact with siblings or other children in daycare centers, and environmental pollution. Breastfeeding reportedly confers protection against ARIs through bioactive components related to mucous epithelial immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of viral ARIs in hospitalized children, together with the status and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and other associated factors. It comprised an epidemiological surveillance study to investigate respiratory viruses in hospitalized children, in which demographic and clinical data were collected. Overall, 279 patients were included, 190 (68%) had positive viral results, and 132 (47%) were exclusively breastfed. In an adjusted analysis, it was observed that older children, the parents' educational level, and the presence of chronic disease were significantly related to EBF for more than 6 months. No significant differences were observed in viral positivity and disease severity concerning EBF. Whereas the EBF status was associated with a positive rate of virus detection, the significance did not remain after adjustment, and it was not considered a protective factor against ARIs. On the other hand, young age and exposure to tobacco were confirmed as risk factors of frequency and severity, respectively. Such confounding factors can impact the analysis and should be considered in future studies.

Phosphate removal from water using alginate/carboxymethylcellulose/aluminum beads and plaster of paris.

Phosphorus released in lakes due to agricultural water runoff causes eutrophication, deteriorating water quality and harming ecosystems. Two adsorbents were studied for the removal of phosphate from water: plaster of Paris powder and hydrogel beads produced using alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, and aluminum. The reaction kinetics, adsorption capacity, and ability to desorb were compared. Sorption of phosphate with either plaster of Paris or hydrogel beads was well described by the Langmuir model. In deionized water, hydrogel beads had a maximum sorption capacity of 90.5 mg  PO 4 3 - /g dry bead with an equilibration time of approximately 24 hr. Monovalent anions (e.g., chloride) did not affect phosphorus sorption onto hydrogel beads, whereas divalent anions (e.g., sulfate) hindered sorption. In deionized water, plaster of Paris (POP) powder has a maximum capacity of 1.52 mg  PO 4 3 - /g with an equilibrium time of less than 10 min. Sorbents can potentially be reused following phosphate desorption, and desorbed phosphate may be reused as fertilizer. At pH = 9.5, hydrogel beads desorbed up to 60% of the original amount of phosphate sorbed and lower amounts at lower pH. At pH = 2, POP powder desorbed only 35% of the initial phosphate sorbed, and desorption decreased with increasing pH. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The maximum sorption capacity of plaster of Paris is 1.52 mg  PO 4 3 - /g. The maximum sorption capacity of hydrogel beads is 90.5 mg  PO 4 3 - /g. Monovalent anions do not affect phosphorus sorption, and divalent anions hinder it by ≈36%. Sorption is well described by Langmuir isotherms (R2  > 0.98). Hydrogel beads desorb 60% of phosphorus at pH = 9, possibly allowing phosphorus reuse.

Effects of a structured education program on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective Diabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and education is known to play a key role in managing this disease. This study addresses the effects of a structured education program (SEP) on self-care in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim was to evaluate the effect of a SEP on glycemic control, knowledge, and skills associated with diabetes care in subjects with T1DM. Subjects and methods A total of 47 adults with T1DM were followed up for 20 months (32 participated in the SEP and 15 served as a control group). The SEP consisted of workshops, individualized care, 24-hour distant support, and a questionnaire assessing knowledge of diabetes care. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured before and after the SEP implementation. Results Compared with pre-SEP levels, the mean HbA1c levels decreased by approximately 20% (21 mmol/mol) at 1 year, with a further 11% reduction (10 mmol/mol) observed 8 months later (p < 0.001). Knowledge about diabetes care increased by 37% between the pre-SEP and post-SEP questionnaires (p < 0.005). Conclusion Relevant improvements occurred after SEP activities. The sustained decrease in HbA1c levels and the overall increase in knowledge and confidence regarding diabetes care reinforce the importance, necessity, and positive outcomes of a SEP intervention in T1DM.

Evaluation of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Levels and SERPINA1 Gene Polymorphisms in Sickle Cell Disease.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase and a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, and little is known about its activity in sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesize that AAT may undergo changes in SCD because of the high oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the disease. We have found high AAT levels in SCD patients compared to controls, while mutant genotypes of SERPINA1 gene had decreased AAT levels, in both groups. AAT showed negative correlation with red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and albumin and was positively correlated with mean corpuscular Hb concentration, white blood cells, neutrophils, Hb S, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and C-reactive protein. Patients with higher levels of AAT had more infection episodes (OR = 1.71, CI: 1.05-2.65, p = 0.02), gallstones (OR = 1.75, CI: 1.03-2.97, p = 0.02), and had more blood transfusions (OR = 2.35, CI: 1.51-3.65, p = 0.0001). Our data on AAT association with laboratory indices of hemolysis and inflammation suggest that it may be positively associated with SCD severity; the negative correlations with renal parameters suggest a cytoprotective mechanism in SCD patients. In summary, AAT may need to be included in studies related to SCD and in the discussion of further therapeutic strategies.

Effects of a structured education program on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and education is known to play a key role in managing this disease. This study addresses the effects of a structured education program (SEP) on self-care in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim was to evaluate the effect of a SEP on glycemic control, knowledge, and skills associated with diabetes care in subjects with T1DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 47 adults with T1DM were followed up for 20 months (32 participated in the SEP and 15 served as a control group). The SEP consisted of workshops, individualized care, 24-hour distant support, and a questionnaire assessing knowledge of diabetes care. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured before and after the SEP implementation. RESULTS: Compared with pre-SEP levels, the mean HbA1c levels decreased by approximately 20% (21 mmol/mol) at 1 year, with a further 11% reduction (10 mmol/mol) observed 8 months later (p < 0.001). Knowledge about diabetes care increased by 37% between the pre-SEP and post-SEP questionnaires (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Relevant improvements occurred after SEP activities. The sustained decrease in HbA1c levels and the overall increase in knowledge and confidence regarding diabetes care reinforce the importance, necessity, and positive outcomes of a SEP intervention in T1DM.

Pyogenic liver abscess: uncommon presentation.

Pyogenic liver abscess is a rare entity, but it is fatal when untreated. With a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life, its early recognition and intervention are key to successful treatment and better prognosis of patients. In recent years, its approach has been enhanced by the use of percutaneous drainage, improved imaging techniques and a better microbiological characterisation, allowing for a more appropriate use of antibiotics. Clinical manifestations are variable and depend on the size of the abscess, the condition of the patient, associated diseases and possible complications. Among the most common symptoms that stand out are the pain in the upper quadrants of the abdomen, high fever, nausea and vomiting. The authors present the case of a patient who developed an atrial flutter as the initial presentation of a hepatic abscess that imagiologically mimicked a hepatic tumour.

Trazodone in the elderly: risk of extrapyramidal acute events.

Trazodone is a second-generation atypical antidepressant exercising selective inhibitory action on the transport of serotonin. It also has an antagonist effect, similar to nefazodone, on the 5HT1 and 5HT2 receptors, probably due to the therapeutic effects of such substances. It is very effective in the treatment of depression, in anxiety and insomnia. Its known side effects mainly occur with prolonged use of daily doses of 150-200 mg. The ability to enhance drowsiness may be associated with some risk in elderly patients. This clinical case illustrates an acute extrapyramidal event induced by a low dose of trazodone.

Klotho: its various functions and association with sickle cell disease subphenotypes.

The Klotho protein, whose gene has predominant renal expression, acts in the control of serum phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and regulates the function of ion channels. It also participates in the mechanism of protection against oxidative stress and acts on the vascular endothelium by inducing the production of nitric oxide. Mutations that reflect defects in the Klotho gene expression may be implicated in the onset of osteonecrosis, priapism, and leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease, as a result of oxidative stress and endothelial impairment, important factors in the development and severity of this disease. Previous reports regarding the association of Klotho single nucleotide polymorphisms with sickle cell disease subphenotypes have found that these polymorphisms are important to identify genetic markers of risk in these individuals and allow early and more effective therapeutic intervention.

Klotho: its various functions and association with sickle cell disease subphenotypes

The Klotho protein, whose gene has predominant renal expression, acts in the control of serum phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and regulates the function of ion channels. It also participates in the mechanism of protection against oxidative stress and acts on the vascular endothelium by inducing the production of nitric oxide. Mutations that reflect defects in the Klotho gene expression may be implicated in the onset of osteonecrosis, priapism, and leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease, as a result of oxidative stress and endothelial impairment, important factors in the development and severity of this disease. Previous reports regarding the association of Klotho single nucleotide polymorphisms with sickle cell disease subphenotypes have found that these polymorphisms are important to identify genetic markers of risk in these individuals and allow early and more effective therapeutic intervention...

Análise das rinoplastias realizadas no HSPM no período de 2011 a 2012 / Analysis of the rhinoplasty carried out in the Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal of São Paulo 2011 to 2012

A rinoplastia é um dos procedimentos estéticos cirúrgicos mais realizados em cirurgia plástica. Nas últimas décadas, com o aprimoramento das técnicas, a abordagem aberta apresentou vantagens em relação à técnica fechada, tradicionalmente conhecida. A análise acurada pré-operatória da anatomia nasal e a avaliação da via aérea nasal, juntamente com a identificação das expectativas do paciente e objetivos do cirurgião, formam a base para o sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico. Na cirurgia plástica facial, são raros os instrumentos validados para avaliar os resultados objetivos e subjetivos dos procedimentos. Alsarraf, em 2000, propõe quatro questionários com o objetivo de avaliar os resultados das cirurgias estéticas faciais, na tentativa de transformar um dado subjetivo do paciente em um dado quantitativo. No presente estudo, foram analisadas as técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas no serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, no período de 2011 a 2012 e, posteriormente, foi avaliado o grau de satisfação dos pacientes submetidos à rinoplastia, em um estudo retrospectivo, utilizando questionário validado.

Polimorfismos no gene klotho e hemoglobinopatia SC (HBB glu6val E glu6lys): associação com subfenótipos da doença / Polymorphisms in klotho and hemoglobin SC disease gene (HBB glu6val And glu6lys): association with disease subphenotypes

A variabilidade clínica descrita na doença falciforme (DF) tem sido associada ao efeito epistático de vários genes, a exemplo do gene Klotho (Kl), cujos polimorfismos interferem na regulação de canais de potássio (K+), cálcio (Ca2+) e fósforo, na expressão de vitamina D (VitD) e paratormônio (PTH), e na supressão do estresse oxidativo. Com isto, o presente estudo teve por objetivos investigar a frequência de SNPs no Kl em indivíduos com hemoglobinopatia SC (HbSC), associando-os a marcadores de gravidade e subfenótipos da doença e investigar associações entre os níveis de K+, Ca2+, fósforo, VitD e PTH com tais marcadores de gravidade. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de corte transversal com 113 indivíduos com HbSC provenientes da Fundação HEMOBA, Salvador-Ba. As análises hematológicas foram realizadas em contador eletrônico de células; o perfil de hemoglobinas foi confirmado pela cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho; os marcadores lipídicos, de hemólise, de função hepática e renal, Ca2+ e fósforo foram avaliados por método colorimétrico, assim como o K+, por eletrodo de íon seletivo; as concentrações de VitD e PTH foram investigadas por quimioluminescência e de anti-estreptolisina-O (ASLO) e proteína C reativa (PCRe) por nefelometria; os SNPs no Kl (rs1207568, rs9527025, rs564481 e rs648202) foram genotipados pelo ensaio de discriminação alélica pelo sistema TaqMan; os haplótipos dos genes da globina beta foram investigados pela reação da polimerase em cadeia - com restrição dos fragmentos com endonucleases de restrição (PCR-RFLP). Os dados clínicos foram coletados em prontuários médicos. O SNP rs1207568 foi associado à ocorrência de infecções (P=0,0170) e a níveis séricos elevados de albumina (P=0,0370), o SNP rs648202 foi associado ao uso de medicações (P=0,0208) e o SNP rs9527025 a níveis elevados de fósforo e bilirrubina direta (BD) (P=0,0044 e P=0,0092, respectivamente). O K+ foi positivamente correlacionado com os leucócitos (r=0,2916,P=0,0034), linfócitos típicos (r=0,2644, P=0,0082), monócitos (r=0,2370,P=0,0182), plaquetas (r=0,4889, P<0,0001), colesterol total (r=0,2521, P=0,0118), colesterol LDL (Col-LDL) (r=0,2953, P=0,0030), fósforo (r=0,2447, P=0,0277), proteínas totais (PTs) (r=0,2415, P=0,0160), ferritina (r=0,2263, P=0,0283), PCRe (r=0,2369, P=0,0222) e HbS (r=0,2474, P=0,0135). O K+ teve correlação negativa com hemácias (r=-0,2076, P=0,0392) e Hb fetal (r=-0,2328, P=0,0204). O Ca2+ apresentou correlação positiva com PTs (r=0,2991, P=0,0028) e albumina (r=0,3242, P=0,0011) e negativa com o ASLO (r=-0,2216, P=0,0309). O fósforo foi negativamente correlacionado com Hb (r=-0,3083, P=0,0051), hematócrito (r=-0,2610, P=0,0186), bilirrubina indireta (r=-0,2685, P=0,0154) e creatinina (r=-0,3844, P=0,0004)...

The clinical variability described in sickle cell disease (SCD) has been linked to epistatic effect of various genes, such as Klotho (Kl), whose polymorphisms affect the potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and phosphorus channels regulation, the vitamin D (VitD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression, and oxidative stress suppression. With this, the present study aims to investigate the Kl SNPs frequency in hemoglobinopathy SC (HbSC) individuals, associating them with markers of severity and disease sub-phenotypes, and to investigate associations between K+, Ca2+, phosphorus, VitD and PTH levels with such gravity markers. We developed a cross-sectional study of 113 individuals with HbSC from HEMOBA Foundation, Salvador - Ba. The hematological values were determined in electronic cell counter; the hemoglobin (Hb) profile were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography; the lipid, hemolysis, liver and kidney markers, Ca2+ and phosphorus were evaluated by colorimetric method, as well as the K+ by ion selective electrode; the VitD and PTH concentrations were investigated by chemiluminescence and the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and C-reactive protein (PCRe) by nephelometry; the Kl SNPs (rs1207568, rs9527025, rs564481 and rs648202) were genotyped by allelic discrimination assay by TaqMan system for genotyping; the beta globin genes haplotypes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polimorphism (PCR-RFLP). Clinical data were collected from medical records. The SNP rs1207568 was associated with the infection occurrence (P=0.0170) and raised serum albumin levels (P=0.0370), the SNP rs648202 was associated with the medications use (P=0.0208) and the SNP rs9527025 with raised direct bilirubin (BD) and phosphorus levels (P=0.0044 and P=0.0092, respectively). The K+ was positively correlated with leukocytes (r=0.2916, P=0.0034), typical lymphocytes (r=0.2644, P=0.0082), monocytes (r=0.2370, P=0,0182), platelets (r=0.4889, P<0.0001), total cholesterol (r=0.2521, P=0.0118), LDL cholesterol (Col-LDL) (r=0.2953, P=0.0030), phosphorus (r=0.2447, P=0.0277), total proteins (PTs) (r=0.2415, P=0.0160), ferritin (r=0.2263, P=0.0283), PCRe (r=0.2369, P=0.0222) and Hb (r=0.2474, P=0.0135). The K+ had a negative correlation with red blood cells (r=-0.2076, P=0.0392) and fetal Hb (r=-0.2328, P=0.0204). The Ca2+ was positively correlated with PTs (r=0.2991, P=0.0028) and albumin (r=0.3242, P=0.0011) and negatively with the ASO (r=-0.2216, P=0,0309). The phosphorus was negatively correlated with Hb (r=-0.3083, P=0.0051), hematocrit (r=-0.2610, P=0.0186), indirect bilirubin (r=- 0.2685, P=0.0154) and creatinine (r=-0.3844, P=0.0004)...

Possíveis contribuições da psicologia para a educação sexual em contexto escolar / Possible contributions of psychology to sex education in school context

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a reflexão, a partir de uma experiência de estágio curricular, das possíveis contribuições da psicologia para a efetivação das propostas apontadas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, os PCN, referentes ao trabalho de orientação sexual no contexto escolar. Sendo assim, realizou-se um trabalho de intervenção psicológica em uma escola estadual de Santa Catarina com estagiários em psicologia escolar do curso de graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. O trabalho teve como base as contribuições de Vygotsky e outros autores correlatos que desenvolveram estudos a respeito das relações entre desenvolvimento e aprendizagem. Nesse contexto escolar específico foi feita uma análise do modo como a temática sexualidade vinha sendo abordada nas turmas de ensino fundamental dessa escola. Percebeu-se o despreparo dos profissionais em educação para lidar com o tema, bem como a necessidade de uma formação complementar adequada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho.(AU)

The objective of this paper is to reflect about the possible contribution of psychological intervention to validate the proposals made by the National Curriculum Parameters regarding to the sexual orientation work in school environment from a curricular trainee experience in psychology in a public school. The trainee experience set parameters for the arguments here presented, which are fundamented on the contributions of Lev S. Vygotsky as well as other authors who developed studies about the relations between development and learning. In the school context where the intervention took place, an analysis of how sexuality was being approached in elementary school was made. It was evident that the professionals were unprepared to handle the topic, as well as the need of complementary instruction in order to develop a work that considers the complexity of the matter.(AU)

Docência em Psicologia: uma experiência no estágio de licenciatura em Psicologia / Psychology and teaching: considerations on the major degree apprenticeship program / Docencia en Psicología: una experiencia práctica pre-profesional de licenciatura en Psicología

A experiência aqui apresentada é resultado de uma atividade de estágio em docência do curso de Licenciatura em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, realizada no período de março a dezembro de 2010, e compreende as disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado em Docência I e II, ambas com foco teórico-prático. Estas disciplinas foram cursadas por um grupo de cinco acadêmicos - autores deste relato - no último ano do curso de graduação em Psicologia ou já graduados, mantendo, entretanto, o vínculo acadêmico para concluir a formação como licenciado(AU)

Docência em psicologia: uma experiência no estágio de licenciatura em psicologia / Psychology and teaching: considerations on the major degree apprenticeship program / Docencia en psicología: una experiencia práctica pre-profesional de licenciatura en psicología

A experiência aqui apresentada é resultado de uma atividade de estágio em docência do curso de Licenciatura em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, realizada no período de março a dezembro de 2010, e compreende as disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado em Docência I e II, ambas com foco teórico-prático. Estas disciplinas foram cursadas por um grupo de cinco acadêmicos - autores deste relato - no último ano do curso de graduação em Psicologia ou já graduados, mantendo, entretanto, o vínculo acadêmico para concluir a formação como licenciado

Possíveis contribuições da psicologia para a educação sexual em contexto escolar / Possible contributions of psychology to sex education in school context

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a reflexão, a partir de uma experiência de estágio curricular, das possíveis contribuições da psicologia para a efetivação das propostas apontadas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, os PCN, referentes ao trabalho de orientação sexual no contexto escolar. Sendo assim, realizou-se um trabalho de intervenção psicológica em uma escola estadual de Santa Catarina com estagiários em psicologia escolar do curso de graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. O trabalho teve como base as contribuições de Vygotsky e outros autores correlatos que desenvolveram estudos a respeito das relações entre desenvolvimento e aprendizagem. Nesse contexto escolar específico foi feita uma análise do modo como a temática sexualidade vinha sendo abordada nas turmas de ensino fundamental dessa escola. Percebeu-se o despreparo dos profissionais em educação para lidar com o tema, bem como a necessidade de uma formação complementar adequada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho.

The objective of this paper is to reflect about the possible contribution of psychological intervention to validate the proposals made by the National Curriculum Parameters regarding to the sexual orientation work in school environment from a curricular trainee experience in psychology in a public school. The trainee experience set parameters for the arguments here presented, which are fundamented on the contributions of Lev S. Vygotsky as well as other authors who developed studies about the relations between development and learning. In the school context where the intervention took place, an analysis of how sexuality was being approached in elementary school was made. It was evident that the professionals were unprepared to handle the topic, as well as the need of complementary instruction in order to develop a work that considers the complexity of the matter.

O olhar da perversão através do filme “Pecados Íntimos”

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar alguns aspectos do filme “Little Children” com tradução para o português de “Pecados Íntimos” e que foi produzido nos Estados Unidos, no ano de 2006, com direção de Todd Field. As autoras focam sua análise no entendimento dinâmico do funcionamento da perversão, tema de um dos personagens do filme. Assinalam a dinâmica do funcionamento perverso e não o seu quadro patológico. Sobre o olhar na ameaça de castração, compreendem que as soluções que os três personagens principais do filme encontraram para lidar com as exigências do mundo real e adulto representam a luta pela postergação de abrir mão de toda a demanda narcísica e infantil. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, realizou-se breve revisão teórica sobre o tema, seguido de análise teórico prática.(AU)

The aim of the present study is to analyze some aspects of the movie called “Little Children” that was translated to Portuguese as “Pecados Íntimos” and took place in the United States in the year of 2006, directed by Todd Field. The authors focus their analysis on the dynamic understanding of perversion, which is one of the characters’ theme. They point out to the perversion dynamics, instead of the pathologic state. Regarding the castration threat, they understand the way the three most important characters deal with the real and adult world demands represent their effort in not letting go the narcisic and childish demand. For this study development, a brief theory revision was made followed by a practical analysis.(AU)

Lavagem das mãos: uma observação quanto a prática de precauções padrão / Handwashing: an observation concerning the practice of standard precautions

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar se a lavagem das mãos é orientada pelos profissionais de Enfermagem aos visitantes antes de seu contato com o paciente...