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The opioid crisis is a growing social and public health phenomenon, particularly in developed countries such as the United States. Since the 1990s, this crisis has shown a variety of causal processes and consequences and has affected quality of life for millions of individuals, families, and communities across the globe. Although abuse of opioid-based painkillers appears to have triggered the epidemic in the United States, in this article, the problem is examined with a focus on Latin America, where drug-associated problems constitute threats to the health and quality of life for large segments of the population. After a review of the history of opium consumption and its consequences in the world and in Latin America, the authors present epidemiological data and information about regional market differences, professional involvement, clinical practices, public health realities, and prevention efforts. Recommendations are made for collaborative efforts to promote prevention policies and measures to improve the situation.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de depresión y factores asociados en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca 2014. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio analítico de tipo transversal. El universo fue de 1373 estudiantes matriculados en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. La muestra fue de 195 estudiantes que se obtuvo por muestreo simple aleatorio y con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el Test de Hamilton y un formulario socio demográfico. La información recolectada fue analiza-da en el programa SPSS versión 15.00 y como medidas estadísticas se utilizó frecuencias, porcentajes, OR, IC 95% y valor p < 0.05.RESULTADOS: El grupo de estudio presentó las siguientes características demográficas: edad promedio 21.6 ± 3.1 años; mujeres 59%, hombres 41%.; solteros 82%; procedentes de la Sierra en 80%. Se identificó una prevalencia de depresión en el 47.7%(IC 95% 41- 55%), predominando la depresión leve en el 33.8% (IC 27- 40%). Se estableció que el sexo femenino estuvo asociado con la depresión con un OR 0.378, IC 95% 0.209- 0.684, p= 0.001; con los otros factores no hubo significancia estadística. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de la depresión en los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca está alrededor del 50% y está asociada con el sexo femenino
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors in students from the Medical Fa-culty in the Catholic University of Cuenca 2014. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. The universe was 1373 students enrolled in Me-dical Faculty in the Catholic University of Cuenca. The sample was about 195 students obtained randomly and with a confidence interval of 95%. The Hamilton Test and a socio-demographic form were used for data collec-tion. The information collected was analyzed in the pro-gram SPSS version 15.00 and as statistical measures we used frequencies, percentages, OR, 95% CI and p value <0.05.RESULTS: The group had the following demographic characteristics: mean age 21.6 ± 3.1 years, women 59%, men 41%. Single people 82%; people from the highland 80%. A prevalence of depression was identified in 47.7% (95% CI 41-55%), with mild depression predominating in 33.8% (CI 27-40%). It was established that the female sex was associated with depression with an OR 0.378, 95% CI 0.209-0.684, p = 0.001. With the other factors, there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression in medi-cal students from the Catholic University of Cuenca is around 50% and it is associated with the female sex.