RESUMO
PURPOSE: To identify nonpharmacological clinically effective interventions for constipation in adults. METHODS: A systematic review of experimental studies of nonpharmacological interventions addressing participants' management of constipation using samples of adults over 18 years of age was conducted. In evaluating the methodological quality of the eligible studies, we used the assumptions of the Cochrane Collaboration, and for the reporting of items in the systematic review we used the Model of Preferential Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The protocol of this review was recorded in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews of the University of York under number 43693. RESULTS: This review included 12 randomized controlled trials. Nonpharmacological effective interventions for the resolution of constipation were identified: individualized intervention based on the participant's modifiable risk factors of constipation promoting literacy in health; educational measures in dietary modification and lifestyle; and abdominal massage. CONCLUSIONS: Specific nonpharmacological interventions are crucial for nurses' clinical practice and of major importance for clients and families. Evidence on these interventions in resolving constipation is still scarce and fails to provide evidence-based data to support nursing clinical practice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Personal lifestyles, comorbidities, medication, and sedentary habits are likely to be risk factors in constipation. Thus, it is important to invest in nonpharmacological interventions that promote changes in behavior regarding prevention or resolution of constipation. Moreover, nursing researchers worldwide should conduct research for clinical practice regarding the fundamentals of care.
Assuntos
Constipação Intestinal/enfermagem , Adulto , Humanos , Massagem/enfermagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Com este estudo pretende-se identificar qual a melhor estratégia de intervenção de enfermagem na promoção da gestão do regime terapêutico em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica no ambiente hospitalar. Realizamos uma revisão integrativa da literatura dos anos 2006 a 2009. A partir da análise dos dados, constatamos que os estudos utilizam diferentes elementos e diferentes indicadores de efetividade para avaliarem as estratégias de intervenção utilizadas. Baseando-se nas evidências disponíveis, não é possível identificar qual a melhor estratégia. Desta revisão emerge a definição dos indicadores de resultado mais consensuais na avaliação da efetividade das estratégias de intervenção. Torna-se agora necessário desenvolver, implementar e avaliar a efetividade das estratégias de intervenção de enfermagem, recorrendo a estes indicadores, para definir qual a melhor estratégia de intervenção, baseada na evidência.
The objective of this study is to identify which is the best nursing intervention strategy to promote treatment management in patients with Obstructive Chronic Pulmonary Disease in the hospital setting. An integrative literature review was performed for the years 2006 to 2009. The data analysis revealed that the studies used different elements and specific effectiveness indicators to evaluate the intervention strategies that were addressed. Based on current evidence, it is not possible to identify the best strategy. The present review points out the need to define more consensual outcome indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Hence, it is necessary to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention strategies, turning to those indicators, to define the best evidenced-based intervention strategy.
Con este estudio, pretendemos identificar cuál es la mejor estrategia de intervención de enfermería en la promoción del manejo del régimen terapéutico en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, en el ambiente hospitalario. Realizamos una revisión integradora de la literatura de los años 2006 a 2009. A partir del análisis de los datos, constatamos que los estudios utilizan diferentes elementos y diferentes indicadores de efectividad para evaluar las estrategias de intervención utilizadas, no siendo posible identificar cuál es la mejor estrategia basada en la evidencia disponible. De esta revisión surge la definición de los indicadores de resultado más consensuales en la evaluación de la efectividad de las estrategias de intervención. Se vuelve ahora necesario desarrollar, implementar y evaluar la efectividad de las estrategias de intervención de enfermería, recurriendo a tales indicadores, para definir cuál es la mejor estrategia basada en la evidencia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/enfermagemRESUMO
The objective of this study is to identify which is the best nursing intervention strategy to promote treatment management in patients with Obstructive Chronic Pulmonary Disease in the hospital setting. An integrative literature review was performed for the years 2006 to 2009. The data analysis revealed that the studies used different elements and specific effectiveness indicators to evaluate the intervention strategies that were addressed. Based on current evidence, it is not possible to identify the best strategy. The present review points out the need to define more consensual outcome indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Hence, it is necessary to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention strategies, turning to those indicators, to define the best evidenced-based intervention strategy.
