Assuntos
Órgãos Governamentais , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Animais , Aves/virologia , Defesa Civil , Culicidae/virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Mamíferos/virologia , Vigilância da População , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
An epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC), Laurel, Maryland (USA), in 1989 provided an opportunity to determine if EEE immunization protected whooping cranes (Grus americana). Based on seroconversion of 31% of sympatric hatch-year sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis, and a previous 35% case fatality rate in whooping cranes, 17 (37%) of the 46 susceptible whooping cranes should have been exposed to virus and six should have died. As there were no deaths in these birds, the EEE vaccination program appeared to be efficacious in this whooping crane population.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/imunologia , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Encefalomielite Equina/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina/prevenção & controle , Maryland/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Mosquito population densities, virus isolations and seroconversion in sentinel quail were used to monitor eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEE) activity at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, from 1985 through 1990. A dramatic increase in the number of Culiseta melanura collected in 1989, as compared with the 3 previous years, was associated with virus isolations from this species (5/75 pools; n = 542 mosquitoes) and with seroconversion in sentinel quail (4/22 birds positive). This was the first detection of EEE virus activity in this area since a 1984 EEE outbreak killed 7 whooping cranes.
Assuntos
Culicidae/microbiologia , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/diagnóstico , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves/transmissão , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , Feminino , Maryland , Densidade Demográfica , Codorniz , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
Culiseta impatiens is reported for the first time from Maryland. Collections from the southwestern border of Fort George G. Meade extend the range of this species over 400 km farther south than previous records. Multiple collections from 4 separate traps during 2 years indicate a population of Cs. impatiens is probably established in the collection area.
Assuntos
Culicidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Feminino , MarylandRESUMO
A prospective field study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared to virus isolation in cell culture for the detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in naturally infected mosquitoes. A total of 10,811 adult female Culiseta melanura were collected in light traps during 1985 from four locations in Maryland. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated from 5 of 495 mosquito pools in African green monkey kidney and baby hamster kidney cell cultures. All five virus-infected pools were detected by the EIA, and all 490 uninfected pools were correctly scored as not containing virus. The EIA did not produce false positive or false negative results. Results support the assertion of previous researchers that the antigen detection EIA is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and simple alternative to traditional bioassays for the detection of EEE virus in mosquitoes.
