Dental students' satisfaction with their course and how it is associated to their satisfaction with life and career outlook / Satisfação com o curso de Odontologia e suas associações com a satisfação com a vida e perspectiva de carreira

ABSTRACT Identifying factors that influence the satisfaction of undergraduate dental students can contribute to establishing strategies for improving the educational process, furthering student development, and enhancing students' academic and professional achievements. Aim: the present study investigated associations between undergraduate students' satisfaction with the dental course and their satisfaction with life, perception of professional career and sociodemographic factors. Materials and method: this was a cross-sectional study on 512 dental students from a Brazilian School of Dentistry. Students were asked to respond to three questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, academic, and professional perceptions. Satisfaction with life was measured using the Brazilian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, which comprises five statements with responses scored on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from "I strongly disagree" to "I strongly agree". Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test associations between satisfaction with the dental course and key variables. Results: most participants were female (73.2%), single (99.8%) and with mean age 21.77 (±2.71) years. Approximately three quarters had a family income over three times higher than the national monthly minimum wage. Higher satisfaction with the course was associated with more optimistic perception of the job market (OR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.36-4.40), better academic performance (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.00-2.74) and greater satisfaction with life (OR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.06-1.15). Students' sex and family income did not have significant impact on satisfaction with the dental course. Conclusions: satisfaction with the dental course is related to an optimistic perception of the job market, academic performance and satisfaction with life.

RESUMO Identificar os fatores que influenciam na satisfação dos estudantes de odontologia pode contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias que aprimorem o processo educacional, favorecendo o desenvolvimento dos alunos e potencializando suas conquistas acadêmicas e profissionais. Objetivo: o presente estudo investigou as associações entre a satisfação de estudantes de graduação com o curso de odontologia e sua satisfação com a vida, percepção da carreira profissional e fatores sociodemográficos. Materiais e método: um estudo transversal foi realizado com 512 estudantes de Odontologia de uma Faculdade Brasileira de Odontologia. Três questionários foram aplicados aos alunos, com o objetivo de avaliar as características sociodemográficas, percepções acadêmicas e profissionais. A satisfação com a vida foi mensurada pela versão brasileira da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida, que compreende cinco afirmações com respostas pontuadas em uma escala Likert de sete pontos, variando de "discordo totalmente" a "concordo totalmente". A análise de regressão logística foi realizada para testar associações entre a satisfação com o curso de Odontologia e as demais variáveis. Análises de regressão logística múltipla não-ajustada e ajustada foram realizadas para testar associações entre a satisfação com o curso de odontologia e variáveis-chave. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (73,2%), solteiros (99,8%) e com média de idade de 21,77 (±2,71) anos. Aproximadamente três quartos tinham renda familiar três vezes superior ao salário-mínimo nacional. A maior satisfação dos alunos com o curso foi associada a maior percepção otimista do mercado de trabalho (OR=2,44; IC 95%: 1,36-4,40), desempenho acadêmico (OR=1,65; IC 95%: 1,00-2,74) e satisfação com a vida (OR =1,10; IC 95%: 1,06-1,15). O sexo dos alunos e a renda familiar não apresentaram impacto significativo na satisfação com o curso de odontologia. Conclusão: a satisfação com o curso de odontologia está relacionada com a percepção otimista do mercado de trabalho, desempenho acadêmico e satisfação com a vida.

Longitudinal assessment of the impact of orthodontic treatment on adolescents' quality of life: a comparison between boys and girls using a condition specific questionnaire.

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of the first year of wearing of a fixed orthodontic appliance on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) between boys and girls, by means of a condition-specific instrument. The study included 69 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years, who were undergoing orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance. Of the 69 adolescents, 38 were girls (55.1%) and 31 were boys (44.9%). They answered the Brazilian version of the Impact of Fixed Appliance Measure (B-IFAM) questionnaire three months (T1) and one year (T2) after the fixed appliance was installed. This questionnaire contains 43 questions, distributed across nine domains. The higher the scores, the more negative the perception of the adolescent concerning the impact of the fixed appliance on his/her OHRQoL. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were also analyzed, and statistical analysis was performed. For the domains, the effect size (the magnitude of the difference between girls and boys) and the minimal clinically important difference were also calculated. The adjusted regression showed that there was a significantly greater increase in the overall B-IFAM score in girls than in boys, indicating a more negative perception of the OHRQoL over the study time [Coefficient=11.77 (3.47- 20.60), p=0.006]. From T1 to T2, there was a significantly greater increase in the scores (more negative perception of OHRQoL over time) in girls than in boys for the domains aesthetics (p=0.034) and physical impact (p=0.011). These differences were clinically significant. The effect size (the magnitude of the difference) was moderate. The impact of wearing a fixed appliance on the OHRQoL was more negative in girls than in boys during the first year of orthodontic treatment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o impacto do primeiro ano de uso do aparelho fixo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (QVRSB) entre meninas e meninos, através de um instrumento condição específica. Sessenta e nove adolescentes entre 10 e 18 anos, em tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo foram incluídos. Adolescentes responderam ao questionário Impact of fixed appliance measure (B-IFAM) no terceiro mês de uso do aparelho fixo (T1) e um ano após a colagem do aparelho fixo (T2). Este questionário possui 43 perguntas, distribuídas em nove domínios. Quanto maior os escores, mais negativa a percepção do adolescente com relação ao impacto do aparelho fixo na QVRSB. Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas também foram avaliadas. Análise estatística foi realizada. Para os domínios, tamanho de efeito (a magnitude da diferença entre meninas e meninos) e diferença mínima clinicamente importante também foram calculadas. Dos 69 adolescentes, 38 eram meninas (55,1%) e 31 eram meninos (44,9%). Na regressão ajustada, meninas apresentaram um aumento significativamente maior do escore total do B-IFAM do que meninos, indicando uma percepção mais negativa da QVRSB ao longo do tempo de acompanhamento [Coeficiente=11,77 (3,47­20,60), p=0.006]. Meninas apresentavam um aumento significativamente maior dos escores de T1 para T2 (percepção mais negativa da QVRSB ao longo do tempo) em relação aos meninos para os domínios estética (p=0,034) e impacto físico (p=0,011). Estas diferenças também foram clinicamente significativas. O tamanho do efeito (a magnitude da diferença) foi moderado. Meninas demonstraram um impacto mais negativo do uso do aparelho fixo na QVRSB do que meninos nos 12 primeiros meses de tratamento ortodôntico.

Longitudinal assessment of the impact of orthodontic treatment on adolescents' quality of life: a comparison between boys and girls using a condition specific questionnaire / Avaliação longitudinal do impacto do tratamento ortodôntico na qualidade de vida de adolescentes: comparação entre meninos e meninas utilizando um questionário condição especifica

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the impact of the first year of wearing of a fixed orthodontic appliance on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) between boys and girls, by means of a condition-specific instrument. The study included 69 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years, who were undergoing orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance. Of the 69 adolescents, 38 were girls (55.1%) and 31 were boys (44.9%). They answered the Brazilian version of the Impact of Fixed Appliance Measure (B-IFAM) questionnaire three months (T1) and one year (T2) after the fixed appliance was installed. This questionnaire contains 43 questions, distributed across nine domains. The higher the scores, the more negative the perception of the adolescent concerning the impact of the fixed appliance on his/her OHRQoL. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were also analyzed, and statistical analysis was performed. For the domains, the effect size (the magnitude of the difference between girls and boys) and the minimal clinically important difference were also calculated. The adjusted regression showed that there was a significantly greater increase in the overall B-IFAM score in girls than in boys, indicating a more negative perception of the OHRQoL over the study time [Coefficient=11.77 (3.47- 20.60), p=0.006]. From T1 to T2, there was a significantly greater increase in the scores (more negative perception of OHRQoL over time) in girls than in boys for the domains aesthetics (p=0.034) and physical impact (p=0.011). These differences were clinically significant. The effect size (the magnitude of the difference) was moderate. The impact of wearing a fixed appliance on the OHRQoL was more negative in girls than in boys during the first year of orthodontic treatment.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o impacto do primeiro ano de uso do aparelho fixo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (QVRSB) entre meninas e meninos, através de um instrumento condição específica. Sessenta e nove adolescentes entre 10 e 18 anos, em tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo foram incluídos. Adolescentes responderam ao questionário Impact of fixed appliance measure (B-IFAM) no terceiro mês de uso do aparelho fixo (T1) e um ano após a colagem do aparelho fixo (T2). Este questionário possui 43 perguntas, distribuídas em nove domínios. Quanto maior os escores, mais negativa a percepção do adolescente com relação ao impacto do aparelho fixo na QVRSB. Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas também foram avaliadas. Análise estatística foi realizada. Para os domínios, tamanho de efeito (a magnitude da diferença entre meninas e meninos) e diferença mínima clinicamente importante também foram calculadas. Dos 69 adolescentes, 38 eram meninas (55,1%) e 31 eram meninos (44,9%). Na regressão ajustada, meninas apresentaram um aumento significativamente maior do escore total do B-IFAM do que meninos, indicando uma percepção mais negativa da QVRSB ao longo do tempo de acompanhamento [Coeficiente=11,77 (3,47-20,60), p=0.006]. Meninas apresentavam um aumento significativamente maior dos escores de T1 para T2 (percepção mais negativa da QVRSB ao longo do tempo) em relação aos meninos para os domínios estética (p=0,034) e impacto físico (p=0,011). Estas diferenças também foram clinicamente significativas. O tamanho do efeito (a magnitude da diferença) foi moderado. Meninas demonstraram um impacto mais negativo do uso do aparelho fixo na QVRSB do que meninos nos 12 primeiros meses de tratamento ortodôntico.

Cyberchondria and Associated Factors Among Brazilian and Portuguese Dentists.

Cyberchondria is a psychopathological behavior that affects people who compulsively consult the internet, by searching the symptoms of different pathologies from which they believe they are suffering, and when influenced by what they read, are sure they have some of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the cyberchondria level and associated factors among Brazilian and Portuguese dentists. A total 597 Brazilian and Portuguese dentists participated in this cross-sectional study. They were contacted via WhatsApp and asked to complete an online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform, from January 17 to 31, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic information was collected and cyberchondria was measured using the Portuguese language version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for theassociationofcyberchondria and covariates. Each covariate was individually included in the regression model, and the unadjusted OR (95% CI) was estimated. Most participants were Brazilian (62.8%), women (75.5%), married (60.5%) and with children (55.6%). Average age was 42.1 years (+ 12.5). In the final model, it was found that with each increase of one year in age, the chance of a high level of cyberchondria decreased (OR=0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.98). Brazilian dentists were 1.85 times more likely (95% CI 1.25-2.75) to have a high level of cyberchondria than Portuguese dentists. Women were 1.62 times more likely (95% CI 1.07-2.44) to have a high level of cyberchondria than men. It was concluded that young age, Brazilian nationality, and female gender favored the high level of cyberchondria among the participants in this sample during COVID-19 pandemic.

A cibercondria é um comportamento psicopatológico que atinge as pessoas que consultam compulsivamente a internet, pesquisando os sintomas das diferentes patologias de que acreditam estar sofrendo e, quando influenciadas pelo que leem, têm a certeza de possuir alguma dessas doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de cibercondria e fatores associados entre dentistas brasileiros e portugueses. Participaram deste estudo transversal 597 dentistas brasileiros e portugueses. Eles foram contatados via WhatsApp e solicitados a preencher um questionário online na plataforma do Google Forms, no período de 17 a 31 de janeiro de 2021, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Informações sociodemográficas foram coletadas e a cibercondria foi mensurada através da versão em língua portuguesa da Cyberchondria Severity Scale. Modelos de regressão logística binária foram usados para estimar a Odds Ratio (OR) não ajustada e ajustada e o intervalo de confiança(IC)de 95%correspondente para a associação de cibercondria e covariáveis. Cada covariável foi incluída individualmente no modelo de regressão, e o OR não ajustado (IC 95%) foi estimado. A maioria dos participantes eram brasileiros (62,8%), mulheres (75,5%), casados (60,5%) e com filhos (55,6%). A média de idade foi de 42,1 anos (+ 12,5). No modelo final, verificou-se que a cada aumento de um ano de vida, a chance de um nível elevado de cibercondria diminuía (OR = 0,97; IC95% 0,95-0,98). Os dentistas brasileiros tiveram 1,85 vezes mais probabilidade (IC95% 1,25-2,75) de apresentar alto índice de cibercondria quando comparados aos portugueses. As mulheres tinham 1,62 vezes mais probabilidade (IC 95% 1,07-2,44) de ter um alto nível de cibercondria em comparação com os homens. Concluiu-se que a idade mais jovem, a nacionalidade brasileira e o sexo feminino favoreceram o alto índice de cibercondria entre os participantes desta amostra durante a pandemia COVID-19.

Cyberchondria and Associated Factors Among Brazilian and Portuguese Dentists / Cibercondria e fatores associados entre dentistas brasileiros e portugueses

ABSTRACT Cyberchondria is a psychopathological behavior that affects people who compulsively consult the internet, by searching the symptoms of different pathologies from which they believe they are suffering, and when influenced by what they read, are sure they have some of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the cyberchondria level and associated factors among Brazilian and Portuguese dentists. A total 597 Brazilian and Portuguese dentists participated in this cross-sectional study. They were contacted via WhatsApp and asked to complete an online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform, from January 17 to 31, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic information was collected and cyberchondria was measured using the Portuguese language version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of cyberchondria and covariates. Each covariate was individually included in the regression model, and the unadjusted OR (95% CI) was estimated. Most participants were Brazilian (62.8%), women (75.5%), married (60.5%) and with children (55.6%). Average age was 42.1 years (+ 12.5). In the final model, it was found that with each increase of one year in age, the chance of a high level of cyberchondria decreased (OR=0.97; 95% CI 0.95-0.98). Brazilian dentists were 1.85 times more likely (95% CI 1.25-2.75) to have a high level of cyberchondria than Portuguese dentists. Women were 1.62 times more likely (95% CI 1.07-2.44) to have a high level of cyberchondria than men. It was concluded that young age, Brazilian nationality, and female gender favored the high level of cyberchondria among the participants in this sample during COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMO A cibercondria é um comportamento psicopatológico que atinge as pessoas que consultam compulsivamente a internet, pesquisando os sintomas das diferentes patologias de que acreditam estar sofrendo e, quando influenciadas pelo que leem, têm a certeza de possuir alguma dessas doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de cibercondria e fatores associados entre dentistas brasileiros e portugueses. Participaram deste estudo transversal 597 dentistas brasileiros e portugueses. Eles foram contatados via WhatsApp e solicitados a preencher um questionário online na plataforma do Google Forms, no período de 17 a 31 de janeiro de 2021, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Informações sociodemográficas foram coletadas e a cibercondria foi mensurada através da versão em língua portuguesa da Cyberchondria Severity Scale. Modelos de regressão logística binária foram usados para estimar a Odds Ratio (OR) não ajustada e ajustada e o intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% correspondente para a associação de cibercondria e covariáveis. Cada covariável foi incluída individualmente no modelo de regressão, e o OR não ajustado (IC 95%) foi estimado. A maioria dos participantes eram brasileiros (62,8%), mulheres (75,5%), casados (60,5%) e com filhos (55,6%). A média de idade foi de 42,1 anos (+ 12,5). No modelo final, verificou-se que a cada aumento de um ano de vida, a chance de um nível elevado de cibercondria diminuía (OR = 0,97; IC95% 0,95-0,98). Os dentistas brasileiros tiveram 1,85 vezes mais probabilidade (IC95% 1,25-2,75) de apresentar alto índice de cibercondria quando comparados aos portugueses. As mulheres tinham 1,62 vezes mais probabilidade (IC 95% 1,07-2,44) de ter um alto nível de cibercondria em comparação com os homens. Concluiu-se que a idade mais jovem, a nacionalidade brasileira e o sexo feminino favoreceram o alto índice de cibercondria entre os participantes desta amostra durante a pandemia COVID-19.

Dental students' satisfaction with their course and how it is associated to their satisfaction with life and career outlook.

Identifying factors that influence the satisfaction of undergraduate dental students can contribute to establishing strategies for improving the educational process, furthering student development, and enhancing students' academic and professional achievements. AIM: the present study investigated associations between undergraduate students' satisfaction with the dental course and their satisfaction with life, perception of professional career and sociodemographic factors. MATERIALS AND METHOD: this was a cross-sectional study on 512 dental students from a Brazilian School of Dentistry. Students were asked to respond to three questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics, academic, and professional perceptions. Satisfaction with life was measured using the Brazilian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, which comprises five statements with responses scored on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from "I strongly disagree" to "I strongly agree". Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to test associations between satisfaction with the dental course and key variables. RESULTS: most participants were female (73.2%), single (99.8%) and with mean age 21.77 (±2.71) years. Approximately three quarters had a family income over three times higher than the national monthly minimum wage. Higher satisfaction with the course was associated with more optimistic perception of the job market (OR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.36-4.40), better academic performance (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.00-2.74) and greater satisfaction with life (OR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.06-1.15). Students' sex and family income did not have significant impact on satisfaction with the dental course. CONCLUSIONS: satisfaction with the dental course is related to an optimistic perception of the job market, academic performance and satisfaction with life.

Identificar os fatores que influenciam na satisfação dos estudantes de odontologia pode contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias que aprimorem o processo educacional, favorecendo o desenvolvimento dos alunos e potencializando suas conquistas acadêmicas e profissionais. Objetivo: o presente estudo investigou as associações entre a satisfação de estudantes de graduação com o curso de odontologia e sua satisfação com a vida, percepção da carreira profissional e fatores sociodemográficos. Materiais e método: um estudo transversal foi realizado com 512 estudantes de Odontologia de uma Faculdade Brasileira de Odontologia. Três questionários foram aplicados aos alunos, com o objetivo de avaliar as características sociodemográficas, percepções acadêmicas e profissionais. A satisfação com a vida foi mensurada pela versão brasileira da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida, que compreende cinco afirmações com respostas pontuadas em uma escala Likert de sete pontos, variando de "discordo totalmente" a "concordo totalmente". A análise de regressão logística foi realizada para testar associações entre a satisfação com o curso de Odontologia e as demais variáveis. Análises de regressão logística múltipla não-ajustada e ajustada foram realizadas para testar associações entre a satisfação com o curso de odontologia e variáveis-chave. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (73,2%), solteiros (99,8%) e com média de idade de 21,77 (±2,71) anos. Aproximadamente três quartos tinham renda familiar três vezes superior ao salário-mínimo nacional. A maior satisfação dos alunos com o curso foi associada a maior percepção otimista do mercado de trabalho (OR=2,44; IC 95%: 1,36-4,40), desempenho acadêmico (OR=1,65; IC 95%: 1,00-2,74) e satisfação com a vida (OR =1,10; IC 95%: 1,06-1,15). O sexo dos alunos e a renda familiar não apresentaram impacto significativo na satisfação com o curso de odontologia. Conclusão: a satisfação com o curso de odontologia está relacionada com a percepção otimista do mercado de trabalho, desempenho acadêmico e satisfação com a vida.

Family Cohesion Is Associated with the Self-Perceived Need for Dental Treatment among Adolescents.

This study explored the association between family cohesion and self-perceived need for dental treatment among adolescents. A school-based representative cross-sectional study was conducted with 746 students aged 15 to 19 randomly selected from schools in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians provided information on sociodemographic data, and students completed questionnaires about the self-perceived need for dental treatment, dental pain, and family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III). Two dentists were trained (kappa >0.80) to diagnosis dental caries using the Nyvad criteria and assess adolescents' level of functional oral health literacy (BREALD-30). Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by nonadjusted and adjusted robust binary logistic regression for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of self-perceived need for dental treatment was 88.6%. The presence of dental caries (OR = 2.10; IC 95%: 1.22-3.61), tooth loss (OR = 15.81; IC 95%: 2.14-116.56), dental pain in the last six months (OR = 1.87; IC 95%: 1.06-3.31), and enmeshed family cohesion type (OR = 10.23; IC 95%: 3.96-26.4) remained associated with the self-perceived need for dental treatment in the final model. In conclusion, dental caries, dental pain, tooth loss, and family cohesion influenced the self-perceived need for dental treatment in adolescents.

Impact of oral conditions on the quality of life of adolescents in a rural area of Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of oral conditions on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of early adolescents aged 11 to 14 years in the rural population of a Brazilian municipality. Adolescents attending public schools in the municipality participated in the study. OHRQoL was measured using the short Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) with four domains: oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing. A higher score indicates a more negative perception of the adolescent regarding his/her OHRQoL. Oral conditions such as dental caries, malocclusion and dental trauma were evaluated using DMTF index, Dental Aesthetics Index (DAI) and Andreasen criteria, respectively. The variables sex and age, number of siblings, parents' schooling, family monthly income, number of times of tooth-brushing/day and visits to the dentist/year were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis and regression models were performed. Of the 202 participants, 94 (46.5%) were female and 108 (53.5%) were male. Adolescents from low-income families (p=0.042) and with more severe malocclusion (p=0.037) scored higher in the CPQ11-14. Those with severe malocclusion scored higher in the emotional wellbeing domain (p=0.009). Females scored higher than males in the oral symptoms domain (p=0.002). Adolescents from low-income families scored higher in the social wellbeing domain (p=0.006). Malocclusion negatively affected the OHRQoL of adolescents from a Brazilian rural area, mainly regarding emotional wellbeing. Negative repercussions were also observed among females and adolescents whose families had lower income.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de condições bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de adolescentes de 11 a 14 anos da população rural de um município brasileiro. Adolescentes que estudavam em escolas públicas do município participaram do estudo. QVRSB foi avaliada usando a forma curta da versão brasileira do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) com quatro domínios: sintomas bucais, limitações funcionais, bem-estar emocional e bem-estar social. Um escore mais alto indica uma percepção mais negativa do adolescente com relação à sua QVRSB. Condições bucais, tais como cárie dentária, má oclusão e traumatismo dentário foram avaliados com o índice CPOD, Índice Estético Dental (IED) e os critérios de Andreasen, respectivamente. As variáveis sexo e idade dos adolescentes, número de irmãos, escolaridade dos pais, renda familiar mensal, número de vezes de escovação dos dentes/dia e visitas ao dentista/ano também foram avaliadas. Análise descritiva e modelos de regressão foram realizados. Dos 202 participantes, 94 (46,5%) eram meninas e 108 (53,5%) eram meninos. Adolescentes cujas famílias tinham uma renda mais baixa (p=0,042) e com má oclusão mais severa (p=0,037) obtiveram escores mais altos no CPQ11-14. Aqueles com má oclusão severa obtiveram um escore mais alto no domínio de bemestar emocional (p=0,009). Com relação ao sexo do indivíduo, meninas tiveram um escore mais alto no domínio sintomas bucais (p=0,002). Adolescentes cujas famílias tinham uma renda mais baixa obtiveram um escore mais alto no domínio de bem-estar social (p=0,006). A má oclusão afeta negativamente a QVRSB de adolescentes de uma área rural brasileira, principalmente o bem-estar emocional. Repercussões negativas também foram observadas entre meninas e adolescentes cujas famílias tinham uma renda mais baixa.

Impact of oral conditions on the quality of life of adolescents in a rural area of Brazil / Impacto de condiçôes bucais na qualidade de vida de adolescentes em uma área rural do Brasil

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the impact of oral conditions on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of early adolescents aged 11 to 14 years in the rural population of a Brazilian municipality. Adolescents attending public schools in the municipality participated in the study. OHRQoL was measured using the short Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) with four domains: oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing. A higher score indicates a more negative perception of the adolescent regarding his/her OHRQoL. Oral conditions such as dental caries, malocclusion and dental trauma were evaluated using DMTF index, Dental Aesthetics Index (DAI) and Andreasen criteria, respectively. The variables sex and age, number of siblings, parents ' schooling, family monthly income, number of times of tooth-brushing/day and visits to the dentist/year were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis and regression models were performed. Of the 202 participants, 94 (46.5%) were female and 108 (53.5%) were male. Adolescents from low-income families (p=0.042) and with more severe malocclusion (p=0.037) scored higher in the CPQ11-14. Those with severe malocclusion scored higher in the emotional wellbeing domain (p=0.009). Females scored higher than males in the oral symptoms domain (p=0.002). Adolescents from low-income families scored higher in the social wellbeing domain (p=0.006). Malocclusion negatively affected the OHRQoL of adolescents from a Brazilian rural area, mainly regarding emotional wellbeing. Negative repercussions were also observed among females and adolescents whose families had lower income.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de condiçôes bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de adolescentes de 11 a 14 anos da populaçâo rural de um municipio brasileiro. Adolescentes que estudavam em escolas públicas do municipio participaram do estudo. QVRSB foi avaliada usando a forma curta da versao brasileira do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) com quatro dominios: sintomas bucais, limitaçôes funcionais, bem-estar emocional e bem-estar social. Um escore mais alto indica uma percepçao mais negativa do adolescente com relaçao à sua QVRSB. Condiçôes bucais, tais como cárie dentária, má oclusâo e traumatismo dentario foram avaliados com o indice CPOD, Índice Estético Dental (IED) e os critérios de Andreasen, respectivamente. As variáveis sexo e idade dos adolescentes, número de irmaos, escolaridade dos pais, renda familiar mensal, número de vezes de escovaçao dos dentes/dia e visitas ao dentista/ano também foram avaliadas. Análise descritiva e modelos de regressao foram realizados. Dos 202 participantes, 94 (46,5%) eram meninas e 108 (53,5%) eram meninos. Adolescentes cujas familias tinham uma renda mais baixa (p=0,042) e com má oclusâo mais severa (p=0,037) obtiveram escores mais altos no CPQ11-14. Aqueles com má oclusâo severa obtiveram um escore mais alto no dominio de bem-estar emocional (p=0,009). Com relaçâo ao sexo do individuo, meninas tiveram um escore mais alto no dominio sintomas bucais (p=0,002). Adolescentes cujas familias tinham uma renda mais baixa obtiveram um escore mais alto no dominio de bem-estar social (p=0,006). A má oclusâo afeta negativamente a QVRSB de adolescentes de uma área rural brasileira, principalmente o bem-estar emocional. Repercussoes negativas também foram observadas entre meninas e adolescentes cujas familias tinham uma renda mais baixa.

Malocclusion in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of malocclusion in people with Down syndrome (DS) compared to individuals without DS, but no systematic review to summarize the evidence on this topic has been performed thus far. AIM: To evaluate whether children/adolescents with DS are more affected by malocclusion than those without DS. DESIGN: A search was performed in seven electronic databases. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The strength of the evidence from the selected studies was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. RESULTS: Eleven publications were included in the systematic review and eight were meta-analysed. The meta-analysis showed that malocclusion was more prevalent in children/adolescents with DS for Angle Class III (risk difference [RD] = 0.40; confidence interval [CI] = 0.33, 0.46), posterior crossbite (risk ratio [RR] = 3.09; CI = 2.02, 4.73), anterior crossbite (RR = 2.18; CI = 1.41, 3.39), and anterior open bite (RD = 0.21; CI = 0.06, 0.36). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of malocclusion was higher in children/adolescents with DS compared to individuals without the syndrome. The strength of the evidence of the studies analysed, however, was considered moderate and low.

Contextual and individual determinants of oral health-related quality of life among five-year-old children: a multilevel analysis.

BACKGROUND: Contextual factors may influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual determinants of OHRQoL based on the perceptions of children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 769 five-year-old children from public and private preschools in a city in the countryside of northeast Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered questionnaires addressing psychological aspects, sociodemographic data and aspects of the child's oral health. The children answered the child version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for five-year-old children and were submitted to oral examinations. Variables related to the context were obtained from the schools and official municipal publications. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models were used to investigate associations between variables. RESULTS: In the adjusted analysis, parent's/caregiver's schooling, household income, parent's/caregiver's age, a history of dental pain, dental caries and its consequences and traumatic dental injury were considered individual determinants of OHRQoL according to the children's self-reports. After the incorporation of the contextual determinants, the association between parent's/caregiver's schooling and OHRQoL lost its significance. Type of school was the context variable that remained associated with OHRQoL. DISCUSSION: Besides the clinical and sociodemographic individual characteristics, characteristics of the school environment in which the child studies are associated with self-reported impacts on OHRQoL.

Comparison of two early treatment protocols for anterior dental crossbite in the mixed dentition: A randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare two treatment protocols to correct anterior dental crossbite in the mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty children, 8-10 years of age, participated. Individuals were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 children treated with an upper removable appliance with finger springs; group 2, 15 children treated by bonding resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement bite pads on the lower first molars. The 30 participants were evaluated before treatment (T1) and 12 months after treatment began (T2). The variables evaluated included overjet, perimeter of the maxillary arch, intercanine distances in the maxilla and mandible, SNA, SNB, ANB, and U1.NA. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, paired t-test and Student's t-test. Effect sizes and confidence intervals were also calculated. RESULTS: Group 1 showed a significant increase in overjet ( P < .001), intercanine distance in the maxilla ( P = .006), intercanine distance in the mandible ( P = .031), and U1.NA ( P = .002). Group 2 showed a significant increase in overjet ( P = .008), intercanine distance in the mandible ( P = .005), and U1.NA ( P < .001). For all the evaluated variables, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed between the two protocols: use of a removable maxillary biteplate with finger springs and bonding of resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement bite pads on the lower first molars, for the correction of anterior crossbite in the mixed dentition.

Dental caries remains as the main oral condition with the greatest impact on children's quality of life.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the negative impact of dental caries on the OHRQoL of 8- to 10-year-old Brazilian children. METHODS: This population-based case-control study involved 546 children (8-10 years old), 182 cases with a high negative impact on OHRQoL and 364 controls with a low negative impact on OHRQoL. Children's OHRQOL was measured using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). Cases and controls (1x2 ratio) were individually matched by school and gender. Dental caries experience, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injuries were used as independent variables. Dental examinations were carried out at school during daytime hours by two calibrated examiners (Kappa = 0.93-interexaminer and 0.95- intraexaminer). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, conditional bivariate and multiple logistic regression, with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in traumatic dental injuries and malocclusion between the case and control groups (p>0.05). Children with DMFT/dmft ≥3 had a 2.06-fold (95%CI = 1.28-3.31, p = 0.003) greater chance of experiencing a high negative impact on OHRQoL than those with DMFT/dmft = 0. CONCLUSION: Children with high dental caries experience are more likely to present a high negative impact on OHRQoL than those with no dental caries experience.

Oral problems and quality of life of preschool children: self-reports of children and perception of parents/caregivers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between oral health problems and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children according to both self-reports and the reports of parents/caregivers. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 769 preschool children and their parents/caregivers. The OHRQoL was evaluated using the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five-Year-Old Children (SOHO-5). Based on logistic regression for complex samples, the following variables were found to be associated with poorer OHRQoL in the parent/caregiver version: toothache (OR = 6.77; 95% CI: 3.95-11.59); consequences of untreated dental caries (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.27-5.70); and anterior open bite (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13-3.56). The following variables were associated with poorer OHRQoL in the child self-report version: toothache (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.11-5.29); cavitated lesions (anterior teeth) (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.26-3.84); occurrence of traumatic dental injury (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.19-2.61); and anterior open bite (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16-3.29). We conclude that children with dental caries (or its sequelae) had poorer OHRQoL. Having experienced a traumatic dental injury and having a malocclusion were also associated with a poorer OHRQoL.

Nickel allergy: blood and periodontal evaluation after orthodontic treatment.

The aim of this study was to assess periodontal status and blood parameters in orthodontic patients with nickel allergy one month after removal of brackets. Ninety-six randomly selected patients were initially evaluated. Allergy to nickel was diagnosed using a patch test. After determining the prevalence of subjects allergic to nickel, two groups were formed: 16 allergic (experimental) and 16 non-allergic (control) patients. Their periodontal status was determined regularly by a single, blinded, duly calibrated examiner using the Löe Index (GI) and their blood was tested (complete blood test, including nickel and IgE levels) after nine months of orthodontic treatment and again one month after removing the orthodontic appliances. Statistical analyses included paired and non-paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, McNemar and linear trend chi-square tests (p≤0.05). Comparison of the values recorded during orthodontic treatment and one month after removing the appliances showed that in the allergic group there was significant increase in eosinophils (p=0.046), basophils (p=0.001) and monocytes (p=0.002), and decrease in number of bands (p=0.000), while in the control group, there was increase in lymphocytes (p=0.039) and decrease in segmented neutrophils (p=0.030) and IgE levels (p=0.001). In both groups, plasma nickel levels increased (p=0.010; p=0.039) and GI scores decreased. One month after removing the brackets, blood and periodontal parameters from patients with and without nickel allergy were similar.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a condição periodontal e os parâmetros sanguíneos em pacientes alérgicos ao níquel, um mês após remoção dos aparelhos. Noventa e seis pacientes selecionados aleatoriamente foram inicialmente avaliadas. Alergia ao níquel foi diagnosticada usando um teste de contato. Após a determinação da prevalência de alergia ao níquel, formaram-se dois grupos: 16 pacientes alérgicos (experimental) e 16 não alérgicos (controle). Condição periodontal foi diagnosticada através do Índice de Löe (IG). Parâmetros sanguíneos foram determinados por meio de um exame de sangue completo, incluindo a quantificação de níquel e níveis de IgE. Avaliações do estado periodontal foram realizados por um único examinador de forma cega, devidamente calibrado e amostras de sangue foram tomadas depois de nove meses de tratamento e um mês após a remoção dos aparelhos ortodônticos. Análise estatística utilizada foi testes t pareado e não pareado, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, McNemar e qui-quadrado de tendência linear (p≤0,05). Em comparação com os valores observados durante o tratamento, o número de eosinófilos (p=0,046), basófilos (p=0,001) e monócitos (p=0,002) aumentou significativamente depois da remoção dos aparelhos ortodônticos, ao passo que o número de bastões (p=0,000) diminuiu entre os períodos no grupo alérgico. O número de linfócitos (p=0,039) aumentou no grupo controle e o número de segmentados (p=0,030) diminuiu. A diminuição dos níveis de IgE (p=0,001) entre os períodos ocorreu no grupo de controle. Níveis de níquel no plasma aumentou após a remoção de aparelhos ortodônticos em ambos os grupos (p=0,010; p=0,039). O IG diminuiu em ambos os grupos. Parâmetros periodontais e sanguíneos de pacientes com alergia ao níquel foram semelhantes aos não alérgicos um mês após a remoção dos aparelhos.

Clinical factors and socio-demographic characteristics associated with dental trauma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to search for scientific evidence regarding the factors associated with traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition. METHODOLOGY: An electronic search addressing factors associated with TDI was conducted in the PubMed, ISI, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Data were extracted and analyzed regarding risk factors, statistical test, effect measures, and study design. RESULTS: The online search strategy led to the initial retrieval of 2566 articles. After evaluating the titles and abstracts, 24 papers were selected for complete review and data collection. TDI was associated with males (OR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09-1.41), inadequate lip coverage (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.50-2.17), overbite (OR: 1.438; 95%CI: 0.94-2.19), and age (1 vs 2 years - OR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.38-0.58; 2 vs 3 years - OR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.67-0.91; 3 vs 4 years - OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.71-0.95). Overjet and anterior open bite were associated with TDI in the majority of studies. CONCLUSIONS: Males, older children, and those with inadequate lip coverage, overbite, or overjet are more likely to have TDI in the primary dentition.

Memory effects of sedative drugs in children and adolescents--protocol for a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Some sedatives used in children and adolescents can affect memory function. Memory impairment of traumatic experience can minimize the chance of future psychological trauma. Knowledge about the potential of different sedatives to produce amnesia can help in the decision-making process of choosing a sedative regimen. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of different sedatives on memory of perioperative events in children and adolescents. METHODS/DESIGN: Electronic databases and other sources, such as trial registers, gray literature, and conference abstracts will be searched. Randomized controlled trials will be included that assess memory of perioperative events in children and adolescents 2-19 years old receiving sedative drugs as premedication or as agents for procedural sedation in a medical or dental settings. The outcomes will be loss of memory after and before sedative administration (anterograde and retrograde amnesia). Two independent reviewers will perform screening, study selection, and data extraction. Disagreement at all levels will be resolved by consensus or by involving a third reviewer. Assessment of the risk of bias of included studies will be performed according to "Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials." Clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies will be evaluated to determine if it is possible to combine or not combine study results in a meta-analysis. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review that specifically addresses this question. Findings from the review will be useful in the decision-making process about the best sedative for minimizing recall of the medical/dental event and possible psychological trauma. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42015017559.

Survival of Adhesive Restorations for Primary Molars: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Clinical Trials.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the scientific evidence regarding the survival and clinical performance of adhesive materials for primary molars, comparing composite resin (CR), conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC), silver-reinforced glass ionomer cement, and compomer. METHODS: Six databases were searched without restrictions regarding language or year of publication. Meta-analysis was conducted; risk ratios (RRs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Eleven clinical trials were included. Two studies found that the median survival time (MST) of SRGIC was less than that of GIC and RMGIC (P<0.005), and two studies found that the GIC had a lower MST than both RMGIC and compomer (P<0.05). Meta-analysis for CR, compomer, and RMGIC was conducted. These materials did not differ significantly regarding the number of restorations that survived over 24 months: CR versus RMGIC (RR equals 1.12, 95% CI equals 0.96 to 1.31); CR versus compomer (RR equals 1.04; 95% CI equals 0.96 to 1.13); and compomer versus RMGIC (RR equals 1.03; 95% CI equals 0.84 to 1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Silver-reinforced glass ionomer cement has the worst survival rate among ionomers, and adhesive materials with a resin component have similar survival rates.

Patient satisfaction after orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize available evidence about factors associated with patients' satisfaction after orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies that evaluated any factor associated with patients' satisfaction after the conclusion of an orthodontic treatment combined with an orthognathic surgery were identified. Orthognathic surgical procedures should have been undertaken after completion of craniofacial growth. Any satisfaction psychometric tool was considered. No language limitation was set. A detailed individual search strategy for each of the following bibliographic databases was crafted: MEDLINE, PubMed, EBM Reviews, Web of Science, EMBASE, LILACS, and Scopus. The references cited in the identified articles were also cross-checked, and a partial gray-literature search was undertaken using Google Scholar. RESULTS: Eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of this systematic review and accounted for 998 patients. The included studies showed large variation in sample size (range  =  44 to 505 patients), age (range  =  15 to 72 years old), distinct psychological evaluation tools, and time elapsed between the assessment and the completion of surgery and postorthodontic treatment. Most of the studies (five of eight) were classified as having high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with satisfaction were final esthetic outcome, perceived social benefits from the outcome, type of orthognathic surgery, sex, and changes in patient self-concept during treatment. Factors associated with dissatisfaction were treatment length; sensation of functional impairment and/or dysfunction after surgery, and perceived omitted information about surgical risks.