Los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en un hospital universitario de alta complejidad

Objetivo: Establecer y cuantificar los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en un hospital universitario de Medellín de alta complejidad de Medellín, entre 2013 y 2018, valorar su importancia y modelar la estancia esperada. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de datos agregados. Siguiendo el método paso a paso, se corrieron siete modelos con estancia hospitalaria media como variable dependiente y las respectivas variables independientes: complejidad, oportunidad de apoyos diagnósticos, disponibilidad de insumos, casos de estancia prolongada y capacidad financiera. Se seleccionó el mejor modelo usando los criterios de ajuste Akaike e información Bayesiana, junto con las medidas de significancia global y significancia individual de los coeficientes. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de validez del modelo y se calcularon los coeficientes estandarizados. Resultados: Los valores medios de las variables más relevantes y su desviación estándar (de) fueron: estancia hospitalaria media, 8,09 días (de = 0,40); complejidad por consumo de recursos, 1,28 unidades (de = 0,07); apoyos diagnósticos, 90,74 mil estudios (de = 10,05); casos de estancia extrema, 4,36 % (de = 0,70), y complejidad por casuística, 1 (de = 0,03). Significancia global F = 55,2, p< 0,001. Significancia de los coeficientes: complejidad por consumo de recursos, p< 0,01; apoyos diagnósticos y casos de estancia extrema, p< 0,001; complejidad por casuística, p< 0,05. Coeficientes estandarizados: complejidad por consumo de recursos, 0,35; apoyos diagnósticos, 0,35; casos de estancia extrema, 0,26, y complejidad por casuística, 0,24. R2 ajustado 0,82. Conclusión: Los determinantes de la estancia hospitalaria en orden de importancia son: complejidad por consumo de recursos, apoyos diagnósticos, casos de estancia extrema, complejidad por casuística, inventario disponible y ganancias brutas.

Objective: To establish and quantify the determinants of hospital stay in a high complexity university hospital in Medellin between 2013 and 2018, assess their importance, and model the expected length of stay. Methodology: Retrospective analytical observational study of aggregate data. While following the method step by step, seven models were used, where mean hospital stay was the dependent variable and the respective independent variables were complexity, timeliness of diagnostic procedures, availability of supplies, cases of prolonged stay and financial capacity. The best model was selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criterion, along with measures of both overall significance and individual significance of the coefficients. Statistical tests of model validity were performed and standardized coefficients were calculated. Results: The mean values of the most relevant variables and their standard deviation (SD) were: mean hospital stay, 8.09 days (SD = 0.40); complexity by resource consumption, 1.28 units (SD = 0.07); diagnostic procedures, 90.74 thousand studies (SD = 10.05); cases of extremely prolonged stay, 4.36% (SD = 0.70), and complexity by casuistry, 1 (SD = 0.03). Overall significance: F = 55.2, p < 0.001. Significance of coefficients: complexity by resource consumption, p < 0.01; diagnostic procedures and cases of extremely prolonged stay, p < 0.001; complexity by casuistry, p < 0.05. Standardized coefficients: complexity by resource consumption, 0.35; diagnostic procedures, 0.35; cases of extremely prolonged stay, 0.26; and complexity by casuistry, 0.24. Adjusted R2 0.82. Conclusion: In order of importance, the determinants of hospital stay are complexity by resource consumption, diagnostic procedures, extremely prolonged stay, complexity by casuistry, available inventory and gross profit.

Objetivo: Estabelecer e quantificar os determinantes da permanência hospitalar em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade de Medellín, entre 2013 e 2018, valorar sua importância e fazer a modelação da permanência esperada. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo de dados agregados. Seguindo o método passo a passo, foram aplicados sete modelos com permanência hospitalar média como variável dependente e as respectivas variáveis independentes: complexidade, oportunidade de apoios diagnósticos, disponibilidade de insumos, casos de permanência prolongada e capacidade financeira. Selecionou-se o melhor modelo usando os critérios de ajuste Akaike e informação Bayesiana, junto com as medidas de significância individual dos coeficientes. Realizaram-se provas estatísticas de validade do modelo e calcularam-se os coeficientes padronizados. Resultados: Os valores médios das variáveis mais relevantes e seu desvio-padrão (DP) foram: permanência hospitalar média, 8.09 dias (DP = 0,40); complexidade por consumo de recursos, 1,28 unidades (DP = 0,07); apoios diagnósticos, 90,74 mil estudos (DP = 10,05); casos de permanência extrema, 4,36 % (DP = 0,70), e complexidade por casuística, 1 (DP = 0,03). Significância global F = 55,2, p < 0,001. Significância dos coeficientes: complexidade por consumo de recursos, p < 0,01; apoios diagnósticos e casos de permanência extrema p < 0,001; complexidade por casuística, p < 0,05. Coeficientes padronizados: complexidade por consumo de recursos, 0,35; apoios diagnósticos, 0,35; casos de permanência extrema, 0,26 e complexidade por casuística, 0,24. R2 ajustado 0,82. Conclusão: Os determinantes da permanência hospitalar em ordem de importância são: complexidade por consumo de recursos, apoios diagnósticos, casos de permanência extrema, complexidade por casuística, inventário disponível e lucros brutos.

Time trends of diabetes in Colombia from 1998 to 2015: the recent stagnation in mortality, and educational inequities.

AIMS: To study the observed trends in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) mortality rates according to educational level, age group and sex in Colombia between 1998 and 2015. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted based in official databases. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated by age-gropus, educational level, sex and year. Rate Ratios (RR) were estimated with higher educational level as reference. The Relative Index of Inequality (RII) was estimated. Joinpoint regressions were applied to identify inflexion points in mortality trends, and Percent Annual Change (APC) between inflexion points. RESULTS: 124,198 deaths caused by DM among adults (25+ years) were analysed, 57% among women (71,093); 74% of deaths occurred among those older than 45 years, especially senior adults (65+). The highest adjusted mortality rates were for those with primary and secondary educational levels. The highest mortality occurred in adult women (65 years or more) with primary education level. Relative Index of Inequality was higher for women than for men along the period. CONCLUSIONS: Educational levels were found to be strongly associated with death by DM in adults (25+). Intersectoral actions are required to influence the risk factors and to improve the treatment of the disease in groups with lower levels of education.

Costs Associated With Early Vascular and Biliary Complications in Liver-Transplanted Patients in a Hospital in Antioquia, Colombia 2019: A Case Series.

OBJECTIVES: Vascular and biliary complications associated with liver transplants involve high morbidity and mortality as well as cost overrun for health systems. Efforts to prioritize their prevention require not only clinical information but also information on costs that reflect the economic burden on health systems. The objective of this study was to describe cost overrun incurred from early vascular and biliary complications after liver transplant. METHODS: This cases series included liver transplant patients treated at the San Vicente Foundation University Hospital, Rionegro, Antioquia, from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018. All liver transplant patients treated during the above period were included; the absence of clinical records on the variables of interest was considered the exclusion criterion. A probabilistic analysis of patient cost was performed. Monte Carlo simulations as well as a 1-way sensitivity analysis per transplant cost component were performed. RESULTS: Records from 154 patients were assessed. The average patient age was 56.9 (SD 10.9) years; 42.9% of patients were women. Of all, 36.4% patients were classified as Child C, and the average Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 19.6. The average cost for patients without complications was $27 834.82, whereas that for patients with early vascular complications was $36 747.83 and for those with early biliary complications was $38 523.74. CONCLUSION: Early vascular and biliary complications after liver transplant increase healthcare costs, with the increase being significant in patients with biliary complications.

Factors associated with mortality due to trochanteric fracture. A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with mortality in patients with trochanteric fracture. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in patients with trochanteric fracture treated at Clinica Las Vegas, in Medellín, Colombia, during the period going from January 2008 to December 2015. Information was collected on demographic, clinical variables, surgical complications and mortality. Telephone follow-up was performed up to 6months postoperatively. An exploratory analysis to identify possible factors associated with mortality was conducted. The Chi2 test was used; the strength of the association was assessed through odds ratio (OR) and its respective confidence interval (CI) of 95%. RESULTS: A total of 275 patients diagnosed with trochanteric fracture were included; 16.0% of patients died within 6months following surgery. We found a higher risk of death in patients with surgery after 48hours OR 2.3 (95% CI: 1.0-5.1); acute renal failure featuring OR: 3.4 (95% CI: 1.3-8.8); patients who received blood transfusions in the intraoperative featuring OR: 4.4 (95% CI: 1.7-11.8); with urinary tract infection in the postoperative 7.1 (2.1-24.5); and patients with surgical site infection featuring OR: 5.6 (95% CI: 1.1-28.5). CONCLUSIONS: Trochanteric fracture mortality is associated with acute renal failure, blood transfusion, urinary tract infection and patients with surgical site infection.

Calidad de vida de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en Colombia. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis acumulativo / Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia. Systematic Review and Cumulative Meta-analysis

Resumen Antecedentes: La calidad de vida (CV) relacionada con la salud es un indicador de desempeño de los sistemas sanitarios; no obstante, se desconoce su estado en personas con diabetes tipo 2, lo que limita la implementación y evaluación de intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar su salud. Objetivo: Identificar los dominios más afectados en la CV de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Método: Búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos LILACS, Pubmed, Embase y Google Académico, de estudios observacionales que midieron de manera cuantitativa la CV de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, sin importar la comorbilidad o estado funcional, en el contexto ambulatorio u hospitalario en Colombia. Para identificar los dominios más afectados se realizó un metaanálisis acumulativo de estudios observacionales que midieron la CV con los Cuestionarios de Salud SF-36 (Short Form-36) y SF-8 (Short Form-8), y se realizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios que permitió la estimación de las medias como medida de efecto combinado. Resultados: Se identificaron siete artículos, de los cuales cuatro fueron incluidos en la síntesis cuantitativa. Los dominios de la CV de los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 más afectados según los Cuestionarios SF-36 y SF-8 fueron salud general 49,7 (IC 95%: 37,3 a 62,0), rol físico 53,6 (IC 95%: 35,6 a 71,6) y función física 53,8 (IC 95%: 34,8 a 72,8). Conclusión: Los programas preventivos y de atención a personas con diabetes tipo 2 deben enfocarse en un manejo integral que contribuya al mejoramiento de su CV relacionada con su salud.

Abstract Background: The quality of life related to health is an indicator performance of health system; however, its condition in people with type 2 diabetes is unknown, which limits the implementation and evaluation of interventions aimed at improving their health. Objectives: To identify the most affected domains in the quality of life in people with 2 type diabetes. Methods: Systematic search in LILACS, Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar data bases for observational studies that measure quantitatively the quality of life for patients with diabetes type 2, despite comorbidity or functional status, in the ambulatory or hospital setting in Colombia. In order to identify the most affected domains, it was carried out a cumulative meta-analysis of observational studies aimed to measure life quality through the Health Questionnaires SF-36 (Short Form-36) and SF-8 (Short Form-8), and also, a Random effects model was conducted, which allowed the average as a measure of combined effect. Results: Seven articles were identified, of which four were included in the quantitative synthesis, the most affected domains according to SF-36 and SF-8 were general health 49.7 (95% CI: 37.3 to 62.0), physical role 53.6 (95% CI: 35.6 to 71.6), physical function 53.8 (95% CI: 34.8 to 72.8). Conclusion: Preventive and care programs for people with type 2 diabetes should focus on comprehensive management that contributes to quality of life improvement concerned health. It is still required to expand the investigation to account for the results in people's health.

Effectiveness of text messages, calls and e-mail on adherence to medical appointments. Review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis / Eficacia de los mensajes de texto, llamadas y e-mail en la adherencia a citas médicas. Revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis

Abstract Background: Mobile phones and all other forms of modern communication such as the Internet and instant messaging applications have become tools to improve attendance rates for medical appointments. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of reminders to improve adherence to medical appointments. Methods: An overview of studies comparing the effectiveness and attendance rates for medical appointments between patients that did and did not receive reminders. Also, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall effect of keeping appointments depending on the age of the patients. Results: Seven reviews were identified which show that Short Message Service (SMS) improves adherence to medicai appointments. However, the meta-analysis showed a relative risk of 1,09 (CI 95%: 1,03 -1,11) for people with ages between 24 - 40 and 1,09 (CI 95% 1,05 - 1,14) for people with ages between 50 - 63, with regard to appointment assistance via SMS. Conclusions: The use of SMS reminders has a positive impact on medical appointment attendance. However, while reviewing the impact by age groups no differences were found.

Resumen Antecedentes: El teléfono móvil y cualquier forma de comunicación moderna como la Internet y las aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea se han convertido en herramientas para mejorar la tasa de asistencia a citas médicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de los recordatorios para mejorar la adherencia a citas médicas. Métodos: Análisis de revisiones sistemáticas de estudios que comparan la efectividad y las tasas de asistencia a las citas entre los pacientes que reciben o no reciben recordatorios. Además, se realizó un metaanálisis para calcular el efecto global de la asistencia a citas en función de la edad de los pacientes. Resultados: Se identificaron siete revisiones que muestran que los mensajes de texto corto mejoraron la adherencia a las citas médicas. En el metaanálisis, agrupado por edad, se encontró un Odds Ratio de 1,09 (IC 95 %: 1,03 -1,11) en personas entre 24 - 40 años y de 1,09 (IC 95 %: 1,05 - 1,14) para las personas 50 a 63 años, respecto a la asistencia a citas mediante mensajes de texto corto. Conclusiones: El uso de los recordatorios vía mensajes de texto corto presenta un impacto positivo frente a la asistencia de las citas médicas. Sin embargo, al revisar el impacto por grupos de edad no encontramos diferencias.

Análisis de la asociación entre procalcitonina y mortalidad por sepsis en menores de 18 años en una unidad de cuidados intensivos, Pasto - Colombia 2012 - 2014 / Analysis of the association between Procalcitonin and mortality by sepsis in children under 18 years of age in an intensive care unit in Pasto, Colombia between 2012 and 2014

Resumen Introducción: La procalcitonina aumenta tempranamente en pacientes con sepsis, sin embargo, es necesario profundizar la relación entre sus niveles y el compromiso multiorgánico, así como sus desenlaces como la muerte. Objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre los valores de procalcitonina y la muerte en niños con sepsis que ingresan a la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico (UCIP). Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con sepsis que ingresaron a la UCIP del Hospital Infantil Los Ángeles, Pasto - Colombia, durante 2012 y 2014. Se analizó la relación entre el riesgo de muerte y los niveles de procalcitonina controlando por covariables clínicas y demográficas. Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 325 pacientes con sepsis, la enfermedad mostró una prevalencia de 27,3%, de los cuales fallecieron el 23,7% (77). La edad mediana fue 22 meses, rango intercuartil- RI (6 - 84). La mediana de procalcitonina fue de 10 ng/mL, RI (2,95 - 38). Niños con valores >10ng/mL tienen un incremento del riesgo de muerte de 2 a 6 veces más comparados con aquellos que presentaron valores inferiores. Conclusión: La procalcitonina puede ser utilizada como indicador y predictor del riesgo de muerte en menores de 18 años con sepsis.

Abstract Introduction: Procalcitonin increases early in patients with sepsis; however, it is necessary to deepen the relationship between their levels and the multi-organ commitment, as well as their outcomes such as death. Objective: To determine whether there is an association between the values of Procalcitonin and death in children with sepsis entering the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was made with patients under 18 years of age with sepsis, who entered the PICU of Los Angeles children's Hospital in Pasto, Colombia during 2012 and 2014. The relationship between the risk of death and the levels of Procalcitonin controlled by clinical and demographic covariates was analyzed. Results: Data from 325 patients with sepsis was analyzed. The disease showed a prevalence of 27.3%, from which 23.7% (77) died. The median age was 22 months, interquartile-RI range (6-84). The median Procalcitonin was 10 ng/mL, RI (2.95-38). Children with values > 10ng/mL have an increase in the risk of death from 2 to 6 times more, compared to those who presented lower values. Conclusion: Procalcitonin can be used as an indicator and predictor of the risk of death in children under 18 with sepsis.