Lycopene, resveratrol, vitamin C and FeSO4 increase damage produced by pro-oxidant carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster: Xenobiotic metabolism implications.

4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 µM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 µM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 µM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 µM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.

Utilidad del score predictivo de Cameron para la realización de traqueostomía electiva después de cirugía tumoral oral / Usefulness of the Cameron tracheostomy scoring system after oral tumor surgery

Objetivos. Analizar la aplicación del score predictivo (SP) de Cameron para la traqueostomía reglada (TR) en cirugía tumoral oral. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes intervenidos de cirugía tumoral oral consecutivamente entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2012. Se recogieron los ítems del SP: la reconstrucción y el tipo de injerto, la maxilectomía inferior, la disección bilateral cervical y la localización tumoral. Se agruparon los pacientes según el manejo de la vía aérea al final de la cirugía en 4 grupos: extubados, intubados, TR y traqueostomía urgente. Se consideró un punto de corte ≥ 5 puntos del SP para la realización de TR. Resultados. Se registraron un total de 90 pacientes. La distribución por grupos fue: extubados = 27,8% de los casos, intubados = 17,8%, TR = 53,3% y un caso (1,1%) de traqueostomía urgente. Los 3 pacientes en los que se efectuó una traqueostomía no reglada tenían un SP ≥ 5 puntos. Usando el valor del SP ≥ 5 puntos se obtuvo un valor de sensibilidad diagnóstica de 0,7 para un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% de 0,57-0,82 y un valor de especificidad diagnóstica de 0,9 (IC del 95% 0,79-0,99). El VPP fue de 0,9 (IC del 95% 0,81-0,99) y el VPN de 0,67 (IC del 95% 0,54-0,8). El ABC dio un valor de 0,87 (error estándar 0,36). El cociente de probabilidad positivo fue 6,48. Conclusión. La decisión de realizar una TR durante la cirugía tumoral oral puede reforzarse utilizando el SP de Cameron basándose en datos objetivos (AU)

Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of applying the predictive score (PS) of Cameron to perform elective tracheostomy (ET) in oral tumor surgery. Material and methods. A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing oral tumor surgery between January 2010 and December 2012. Items of the PS were collected: reconstruction and type of graft, mandibulectomy, bilateral neck dissection, and tumor location. Patients were grouped according to the management of the airway at the end of surgery into 4 groups: extubated, intubated, ET, and urgent tracheostomy. A cutoff of ≥ 5 points PS was considered for conducting ET. Results. A total of 90 patients were included. Group distribution was: extubated = 27.8%, intubated = 17.8%, ET = 53.3%, and one case (1.1%) of urgent tracheostomy. Using the cutoff value of PS ≥ 5 points yielded a diagnostic sensitivity value of 0.7 for a 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.57 to 0.82), and a diagnostic specificity value of 0.9 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.99). The PPV was 0.9 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99) and the NPV was 0.67 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.8). The AUC gave a value of 0.87 (standard error 0.36). The likelihood ratio was 6.48. Conclusion. The decision to perform an ET for oral tumor surgery can be enhanced using the PS of Cameron based on objective data (AU)

[Usefulness of the Cameron tracheostomy scoring system after oral tumor surgery]. / Utilidad del score predictivo de Cameron para la realización de traqueostomía electiva después de cirugía tumoral oral.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the results of applying the predictive score (PS) of Cameron to perform elective tracheostomy (ET) in oral tumor surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing oral tumor surgery between January 2010 and December 2012. Items of the PS were collected: reconstruction and type of graft, mandibulectomy, bilateral neck dissection, and tumor location. Patients were grouped according to the management of the airway at the end of surgery into 4 groups: extubated, intubated, ET, and urgent tracheostomy. A cutoff of≥5 points PS was considered for conducting ET. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients were included. Group distribution was: extubated=27.8%, intubated=17.8%, ET=53.3%, and one case (1.1%) of urgent tracheostomy. Using the cutoff value of PS≥5 points yielded a diagnostic sensitivity value of 0.7 for a 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.57 to 0.82), and a diagnostic specificity value of 0.9 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.99). The PPV was 0.9 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99) and the NPV was 0.67 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.8). The AUC gave a value of 0.87 (standard error 0.36). The likelihood ratio was 6.48. CONCLUSION: The decision to perform an ET for oral tumor surgery can be enhanced using the PS of Cameron based on objective data.

Cleansers, moisturizers, and talcs: patterns of use among children of low socioeconomic level.

The use of cosmetics (cleansers, moisturizers, and talcs) was investigated in 200 infants and children of low socioeconomic level with and without skin disease. For children with atopic dermatitis, mothers preferred to use unscented soap. Lubricating or hydrating creams were widely used in children without skin disease. Talc and mineral oil were significantly more frequently used in infants than in children. Both of these products are potentially harmful and represent an unnecessary expense for families with a survival-level budget. Dermatologists should discourage their use.